16629245
Description
Mind Map by Fatima Alkhateeb, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fatima Alkhateeb
about 5 years ago
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Tuberculosis
- Anatomy
- Risk factors
- Close contact
- Immigration from
endemic area
- Children less
than 5 years
- Diabetes
- Malnourished people
- Close contact
- Stages
- Primary
- Mostly asymptomatic,
some have flu-like
symptoms
- Cell mediated
immunity (3 weeks)
- Ghon complex (gown focus + lymph node)
- Mostly asymptomatic,
some have flu-like
symptoms
- Secondary
- Reactivation of
dormant TB
- Reactivation of
dormant TB
- Systemic military TB
- Kidneys (sterile pyuria,
WBC in the urine)
- Meningitis
- Pott's disease (lumbar vertebra)
- Addison's disease
(adrenal glands)
- Hepatits (liver)
- Lymphadenitis in
the neck (scrofula)
- Kidneys (sterile pyuria,
WBC in the urine)
- Primary
- Radiology
- Tree in a
bud
- Tree in a
bud
- Treatment and
management
- 4 drugs for 2 months,
2 drugs for 4 months
- Rifampin (inhibits
RNA synthesis)
- Isoniazid (inhibits cell
wall synthesis
- Pyrazinamide
(unclear exact target)
- Ethambutol (inhibits
cell wall synthesis
- Optic neuropathy as an adverse effect
- Optic neuropathy as an adverse effect
- Rifampin (inhibits
RNA synthesis)
- 4 drugs for 2 months,
2 drugs for 4 months
- Prognosis
- patients with treated TB can expect to do
well with minimal or no sequele
- Poor : in anemic states, smokers, late
presentation of the disease
- patients with treated TB can expect to do
well with minimal or no sequele
- Signs&symptoms
- Cough
- Mechanism
- Stimulation of mechano-or chemoreceptors
- Afferent impulses to cough center (medulla)
- Efferent impulses via vagus, phrenic, intercostal nerves
- Increased contraction of muscles --> noisy expiration (cough)
- Increased contraction of muscles --> noisy expiration (cough)
- Efferent impulses via vagus, phrenic, intercostal nerves
- Afferent impulses to cough center (medulla)
- Stimulation of mechano-or chemoreceptors
- Types
- Productive
- presence of excessive
sputum, expectorants
are useful
- Sputum color
- Mucoid (clear and white)
- normally of little consequence and
suggest that no infection is there
- normally of little consequence and
suggest that no infection is there
- Yellow, green or brown
- indicates infection, probably caused by a bacterial
infection, such as bronchitis or pneumonia
- indicates infection, probably caused by a bacterial
infection, such as bronchitis or pneumonia
- Hemoptysis
- Blood in the sputum, rusted (pneumonia), pink but
thin and frothy (LVF), dark red (carcinoma)
- Blood in the sputum, rusted (pneumonia), pink but
thin and frothy (LVF), dark red (carcinoma)
- Mucoid (clear and white)
- Sputum color
- presence of excessive
sputum, expectorants
are useful
- Non-productive
- serving no useful
purpose, increased
discomfort to the patient
- serving no useful
purpose, increased
discomfort to the patient
- Productive
- Mechanism
- Clubbing
- Other Causes
- Cyanotic heart diseases
- Cystic fibrosis
- Lung cancer
- Ulcerative
colitis
- Lung
abscess
- Infective endocarditis
- Infective endocarditis
- Cyanotic heart diseases
- Other Causes
- Cough
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