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315191
The Periodic Table C3.1
Description
GCSE Science (Chemistry) Mind Map on The Periodic Table C3.1, created by Elizabeth W on 30/10/2013.
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Elizabeth W
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Elizabeth W
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Resource summary
The Periodic Table C3.1
Group 1
Called Alkali metals
From the left hand column of the periodic table
Are very reactive
Have to be stored in oil
React with water
React with air
Common Properties
Are very soft
Can be cut with a knife
Have low densities
Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium float on water
React quickly with water
From hydroxides and hydrogen gas
The hydroxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions
Equation
group 1 metal + water → group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen
2M(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2MOH(aq) + H2(g)
M = symbol for group 1 metal
Trends
Melting and boiling points
Have low boiling and melting points
Decreases as you go down the elements
Reactivity
Reactivity increases as you go down the elements
Group 1 metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds
sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
Transition Metals
Between groups 2 and 3
In the centre of the periodic table
Some of the most commonly used metals
Iron, copper, silver, gold etc.
Can act as catalysts
Iron is used when making ammonia
Properties
High density
Hard and tough
High melting points
Make coloured compounds
Slow reaction with water
Slow reaction with air
Slow reaction with acid
Group 7
Called Halogens
2nd to right column in the table
Are toxic
Can be a useful property
Chlorine
Sterilises drinking water
Sterilises water in swimming pools
Iodine
Used as an antiseptic
Treats wounds
Common properties
Non-metals
Low melting points
Low boiling points
Increase as you go down the group
Brittle when solid
Poor conductors
Heat
Electricity
Have coloured vapours
Become darker as you go down the group
Molecules are diatonic
Contain two atoms
Reactive
Get less reactive as you go down the group
Displacement reactions
Form ionic compounds
When reacted with metals
Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, so it can displace bromine from bromide compounds
The most reactive halogen displaces all the other halogens from solutions of their salts
Trends in Reactivity
Metals
Lose reactions when reacted with non-metals
Group 1 elements
Lose the electron from their highest energy level
From 1+ ions
Number of energy levels increases as you go down the goup
The higher the energy level, the greater the distance from the nucleus
The further away, the more easily the electrons are lost
Less reactive
Non-metals
Gain electrons when they are reacted with metals
Elements in Group 7 gain one electron into their highest occupied energy level
Form ions with a –1 charge.
Group 7 elements
As you go down the group, the number of energy shells increases.
The higher the energy level, the greater the distance from the nucleus
The less easily electrons are gained
Become less reactive as you go down the group
Reactivity depends on how easily atoms lose or gains electrons
Only the highest energy level is used in bonding
Media attachments
ionic_compounds.gif (image/gif)
Transition_metals.gif (image/gif)
Group_7_melting_and_boiling_points.gif (image/gif)
displacement_reaction.gif (image/gif)
1.gif (image/gif)
2.gif (image/gif)
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