8188931
Description
Mind Map by Ishea Mehmood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ishea Mehmood
about 7 years ago
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classification and
biodiversity
- phylogenetic classification
- reflecting evolutionary relatedness
- polygenetic tree; diagram showing evolutionary descent
- reflecting evolutionary relatedness
- Taxonomy; the
identification
and naming of
organisms
- classification;
putting items
into groups
- hierarchy; any
group within a
system of
classification
- D>K>F>C>O>F>G>S
- members of the same species can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
- D>K>F>C>O>F>G>S
- Taxa are discrete, at any level of classification, an organism
belongs in one taxon and in no other
- the 3 domains-
similarities in DNA base
sequence
- Eubacteria;familiar
bacteria, they are
prokaryotes
- Archea; unusual
metabolism, are
prokaryotes
- Eukaryota;
plantae, animilia
, fungi and
protocista
- Eubacteria;familiar
bacteria, they are
prokaryotes
- 5 kingdom system- basis on their physical appearances
- 3 domain
- Eubacteria
- prokaryota Ribosomes 70s
- microscopic, contains all the bacteria
and cyanobacteria(blue-green algae)
- saprotrophic- feeds on
dead/decaying matter by
extracellular digestion
and absorption. parasitic
or autotrophic
- cell wall- peptidoglycan
- cell wall- peptidoglycan
- saprotrophic- feeds on
dead/decaying matter by
extracellular digestion
and absorption. parasitic
or autotrophic
- microscopic, contains all the bacteria
and cyanobacteria(blue-green algae)
- prokaryota Ribosomes 70s
- archaea
- Eukaryota
- Protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia Ribosomes 70s
- protoctista
- some single celled, some plant like
some animal like and some both like
cells
- autotrophic/heterotrophic
- cell wall- cellulose or none
- cell wall- cellulose or none
- autotrophic/heterotrophic
- some single celled, some plant like
some animal like and some both like
cells
- plantae
- reproduce with
spores or seeds
(plants)
- autotrophic
- cell wall- cellulose
- cell wall- cellulose
- autotrophic
- reproduce with
spores or seeds
(plants)
- fungi
- yeast are single celled.
Moulds have hypae that
weave together to form the
body of the fungus, a
mycelium. In some, cross cell
walls, called septa sub divide
the hypae
- saprothrophic or parasitic
- cell wall- chitin
- cell wall- chitin
- saprothrophic or parasitic
- yeast are single celled.
Moulds have hypae that
weave together to form the
body of the fungus, a
mycelium. In some, cross cell
walls, called septa sub divide
the hypae
- animilia ;
animals
- heterotrophic
- cell wall- non
- cell wall- non
- heterotrophic
- protoctista
- Protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia Ribosomes 70s
- 5
Kingdoms
- 3 domain
- homologous structures; have a
similar arrangement of
component parts and a similar
developmental origin but
different functions
- divergent evolution; a common ancestral structure
has evolved and performs different functions e.g
- pentadactyl; have five digits
- pentadactyl; have five digits
- convergent evolution; structures
evolve similiar properties but have
different developmental origins,
such structures are analogous
- analogous structures; have a
corresponding function and similar
shape, but have a different
development origin
- analogous structures; have a
corresponding function and similar
shape, but have a different
development origin
- Assessing relatedness with genetic evience
- DNA sequences
- confirm evolutionary
relationships and correct
mistakes made in
classification based on
physical characteristics
- confirm evolutionary
relationships and correct
mistakes made in
classification based on
physical characteristics
- DNA hybridisation
- comparing the DNA base sequences of
2 species. DNA separated from both
and cut into fragments which are then
mixed and where they have
complemantry base sequences they
hybridise together
- comparing the DNA base sequences of
2 species. DNA separated from both
and cut into fragments which are then
mixed and where they have
complemantry base sequences they
hybridise together
- amino acid sequences
- the sequence is determined by DNA base
sequence, similarity in sequence shows
how closely related the species are
- the sequence is determined by DNA base
sequence, similarity in sequence shows
how closely related the species are
- immunology
- proteins of different species can be
compared, if you mix the antigens of one
species such as the blood protein albumin,
with specific antibodies of another, the
antigens and antibodies make a precipitate.
the closer the evolutionary relationship, the
more the antigen and antibody react to make
a ppt
- proteins of different species can be
compared, if you mix the antigens of one
species such as the blood protein albumin,
with specific antibodies of another, the
antigens and antibodies make a precipitate.
the closer the evolutionary relationship, the
more the antigen and antibody react to make
a ppt
- DNA sequences
- Taxonomy; identification and naming of organisms
- biodiversity; the number of species and the number of individuals in each species in a specified region
- high energy input by sun so at equator means high energy input in ecosystems so greater bidiversity
- high energy input by sun so at equator means high energy input in ecosystems so greater bidiversity
- biodiversity index; Simpsons index
- higher the value, higher the biodiversity
- higher the value, higher the biodiversity
- a genes position on a chromosomes is its locus. a locus shows
polymorphism; the occurrence of more than one phenotype in a population
that cannot be accounted for by mutation alone
- genetic/DNA fingerprinting/profile; terms of a pattern
unique for each individual, related to the base
sequences of their DNA
- non coding sequence sequences in DNA undergo mutation. when 1 base that differs its called SNPs
(snips) single nucleotide polymorphism. Unique longer base sequences of non coding DNA is called
hyper variable regions(HVR) or short tandem repeats (STR)
- non coding sequence sequences in DNA undergo mutation. when 1 base that differs its called SNPs
(snips) single nucleotide polymorphism. Unique longer base sequences of non coding DNA is called
hyper variable regions(HVR) or short tandem repeats (STR)
- Natural selection; the gradual process in which inherited
characteristics become more or less common in a population in
response of the environment determining the breeding success of
individuals processing those characteristics
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