Quiz
Clinical Pathoanatomy mcqs (351-450)
Questions in this quiz (99)
1indicate the correct statements
- Agangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
- Bsevere inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
- Cgangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
- Dinflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis
2the gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
- AChronic pericarditis
- Bfibrinous myocarditis
- Cfibrinous pericarditis
- Dacute pericarditis
3which are the cells that inflitrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
- Alymphocytes and plasma cells
- Bbasophiles
- Cneutrophils
- Dgiant multinucleated cells
4what is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis
- Ahyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
- Bhyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
- Cyellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
- Dclear cerebro-spinal fluid
5hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
- Athe brain
- Bthe heart
- Cthe spleen
- Dthe liver
6which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
- Abrain
- Bliver
- Clung
- Dkidney
7the following description indicates: focal aggregates in the form of the nodules of the cells with phagocytic ability. the diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
- Agranulomas
- Bmetastases
- Cpolyps
- Dgranulation tissue
8what type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
- Acaseous necrosis
- Bliquefactive necrosis
- Ccoagulative necrosis
- Dfibrinoid necrosis
9what of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
- Agiant cells type Langhans
- Bepitheloid cells
- Ctuton giant cells
- Dlymphocytes
10The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
- Amacrophages
- Bepitheloid cells
- Clymphocytes
- DMonocytes
11which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
- ATuton giant cells
- Bforeign body giant cells
- CLanghans giant cells
- Dnone of the above
12in which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
- Afirst
- Bsecond
- Cthird
- Dthey develop in all stages
13what type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas
- Aclay-like
- Bcaseus
- Cliquefactive
- Dcoagulative
14what type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
- Acaseous
- Bcoagulative
- Cliquefactive
- Dgummous
15mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
- Ahas three stages of development
- Bhas cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms
- Cgrossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
- Dgrossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
16Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibers, shaumann bodies
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- CRheumatism
- Dsyphilis
17Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma: gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, firbroblasts.
- Atuberculosis
- Bsarcoidosis
- Crheumatism
- Dsyphilis
18the Sulfur granule is characteristic for:
- Atuberculosis
- Bfelinosis
- Cactinomycosis
- Dleprosy
19Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
- Atuberculosis
- Brheumatoid arthritis
- Csyphilis
- Drheumatism
20what histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Aunchanged
- Binfiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
- Cfibrosis
- Dformation of lymph follicles
21the histological changes in hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
- Aentire thyroid gland
- Bmarkedly focal
22The thyroid follicles Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
- Aunchanged
- Bdilated
- Cpolymorphous
- Dsmaller
23what is hyper-granulation?
- Amature connective tissue
- Bhypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
- Cgreater amount of granulation tissue
- Dnone of the above
24what is a scar?
- Ahypertrophic granulation tissue
- Bmature connective tissue
- Chypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
- Dnone of the above
25what is a keloid?
- Ahypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
- Bmature connective tissue
- Cgreater amount of granulation tissue
- Dnone of the above
26which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
- AVan Gieson
- BPerls
- CCongo Red
- DPAS
27which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
- Afirbrinoid necrosis
- Bepitheloid cells
- CLanghans cells
- Dlymphocytes
28Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
- Ait is an automimmune disease
- Bit affects mostly the elastic arteries
- Cthere is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu
- Dthe branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
29Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
- Ahemolytic anemia
- BHashimoto thyroiditis
- Callergic rhinitis
- Dbronchial asthma
30cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
- AHashimoto thyroiditis
- Bhemolytic anemia
- Callergic rhinitis
- Dnodasal polyarteriitis
31Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
- Apolyartheriitis nodosa
- BRheumatoid arthritis
- Chemolytic anemia
- Dtuberculosis
32Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
- Atuberculosis
- Bpolyarteriitis nodosa
- Cbronchial asthma
- DHashimoto thyroiditis
33Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
- Aby lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
- Bwith blood (hematogenic metastases)
- Cby cerebrospinal fluid
- Dnone of the above
34what is papilloma?
- Amalignant tumor of the covering epithelium
- Bbenign tumor of glandular epithelium
- Cbenign tumor of cover type epithelium
- Dbenign soft tissue tumor
35Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for Papilloma
- Ait has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
- Bit has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
- Cstroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh
- Dit doesnt have a capsule
36what is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
- Aadenocarcinoma
- BPapilloma
- CCarcinoma
- DSarcoma
37what is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin
- Aadenocarcinoma
- Badenoma
- CCarcinoma
- DCarcino-adenoma
38what is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
- APapilloma
- BAdenoma
- Cteratoma
- Dadenocarcinoma
39point the correct statements(s) about basal cell carcinoma
- Ait develops only on the skin
- Bit can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
- Cit characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
- Dvery often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery
40Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma:
- Adevelops only on the skin
- Bcan develop at any place with squamous epithelium
- Cis highly undifferentiated malignant tumor
- Dis a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production
41what kind of structures are the cancer pearls?
- Aaccumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
- Bpink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
- Caccumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
- Dpink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
42the gross appearance of which tumor is called "ulcus rodens"
- Asquamous cell carcinoma
- Bmelanoma
- Cbasal cell carcinoma
- Dadenocarcinoma
43squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
- Aacute bronchitis
- Bchronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
- Cbronchial asthma
- Dinhalation of a foreign body
44papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from:
- Asquamous epithelium
- Btransitional epithelium
- Cglandular epithelium
- Dsmooth musculature
45what is carcinoma in situ?
- Amalignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
- Bmalignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
- Cbenign tumor limited to the basal membrane
- Dbenign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
46which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
- ACongo red
- BToluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
- CPAS reaction with amylase control
- DVan Gieson
47Pericanalicular and intracanalicular types of:
- Aductal carcinoma of the breast
- BPaget's disease
- Crenal cell carcinoma
- Dfibroadenoma
48Kruckenberg tumors are:
- Ametastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
- Bmetastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
- Cmetastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
- Dmetastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
49Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly:
- Ain the parotid gland
- Bin the minor salivary glands
- Cin the stomach
- Din thyroid gland
50indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
- ACapsulated and lobulated tumor
- Bnon-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
- Cmicroscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular
- Dseen in older women
51Mark the correct statements about papillary cystadenoma of the ovary:
- Amalignant tumor
- Bhas cyst-like and papillary structures
- Chistological characteristics include serous and mucinous types
- Dits is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle
52'Linitis plastica' is a gross subtype of:
- Agastric cancer
- Bpancreatic cancer
- Cbreast cancer
- DUterine Cancer
53Grossly adenocarcinoma of colon can be:
- Apolypoid
- BUlcerous
- Cnodular
- Dall of the listed above
54the terms "early cancer" and "advanced cancer" are used for:
- Agastric adenocarcinoma
- Badenocarcinoma of the endometrium
- Cadenocarcinoma of the colon
- Dbreast cancer
55what Kind of Sarcoma could be seen an immune deficiency?
- AKaposi Sarcoma
- BEwing sarcoma
- CRhabdomysarcoma
- Dchondrosarcoma
56which of the following sarcomas have the worst prognosis?
- Aliposarcoma
- Bosteosarcoma
- Cfibrosarcoma
- Dleiomyosarcoma
57what staining can be used to distinguish leiomyoma uteri from fibroma?
- ACongo red
- Bperls
- CPAS reaction with PAS control
- DVan Gieson
58Point the characteristics of the leeiomyosarcoma
- Apolymorphism of cells and nuclei
- Bhyper- and polychromasia of nuclei
- Ctypical mytoses
- Dmonster cells
59what is hybernoma?
- Abenign tumor of vascular origin
- Bbenign tumor originating from brown fat tissue
- Cbenign tumor originating from striated muscle
- Dmalignant tumor originating from pigment tissue
60what are the signs of the atypia in a nevus?
- Aasymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders
- Bdark color, irregular color of the lesion
- Cdiameter less than 5mm
- Dregular borders
61how should a biopsy be done if there is a suspicion for the melanoma?
- Aincision biopsy
- BPunch biopsy
- Cexcision biopsy
- Dbrush biopsy
62point the most common localizations of the teratomas
- Aovaries, testis
- Bextremities
- Cretroperitoneum
- Dmediastinum
63which of the following are organoid teratomas:
- Anephroblastoma
- Bcholesteatoma
- Cdermoid cyst
- Dbranchiogenic cyst
64which of the following is organismoid teratoma?
- Aepidermoid cyst
- Bteratocarcinoma
- Cdermoid cyst
- Dnephroblastoma
65what is nevus pigmentosus?
- Atumor-like process
- Btumor process
- Cmicroscopically it contains mature melanocytes
- Dmicroscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin
66what is melanoma?
- Amalignant congenital tumor
- Bbenign tumor composed of melanocytes
- Cmalignant tumor of pigment origin
- Dnone of the above
67what is an achromatic melanoma
- Abenign form of melanoma
- Bmelanoma without melanin in the tumor cells
- Ctype of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests
- Dmelanoma which is more differentiated
68point possible localisations of the nevus pigmentosus and melanoma
- Askin
- BUvea
- Cmeninges
- Dall of the above
69lentigo maligna, nodular, superficial, acral lentigenous are gross forms of:
- Amelanoma
- Bsquamous cell carcinoma of the skin
- Cbasal cell carcinoma of the skin
- Dnevus pigmentosus
70indicate immunohistochemical stains to prove melanoma
- AHMB-45
- Bca-125
- CS-100
- Dcytokeratin
71which of the following tumors do not have a stroma
- Achoriocarcinoma
- Bseminoma
- Cnephroblastoma
- Dneuroblastoma
72indicate types of nevus pigmentosus
- Aacquired and congenital
- Bjunctional, compound, intradermal
- Cbenign and malignant nevus
- Dectodermal and endodermal nevus
73squamous cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in:
- Astomach
- Bskin
- Cbladder
- Dlarynx
74the term 'pathognomonic change' means:
- Aunexplained change
- Bparadoxical change
- Csufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion
- Ddiffuse inflammatory change
75which type of bleeding occur in the digestive system?
- Ahemothorax
- Bhemoptysis
- Cmelena
- Dhematemesis
76left ventricular hypertrophy can develop in:
- Acor pulmonale
- Bsystemic hypertension
- Cmitral stenosis
- Daortic stenosis
77cancer cells which show no resemblance to the tissue from which the tumor originates are called:
- Aundifferentiated carcinoma
- Bwell-differentiated carcinoma
- Cscirrhous type carcinoma
- Dhistioid cancer
78which of the following is correct for the mechanical jaundice?
- Aindirect bilirubin prevails in blood
- Belevated urine urobilinogen
- Celevated urine bilirubin
- Dstools are hyperpigmented
79Basal cell carcinoma is localised most frequently on:
- Athe skin of the forearm
- Bthe skin of the lower limbs
- Cthe skin on the palms
- Dskin of the face
80Bilaterally, on the skin of the eyelids of a young woman are seen yellow nodules with the size of a grain of rice. what is it?
- Axanthelasma
- Bnevus
- Cephelides
- Dhemosiderin deposition
81how do we call the local depigmentation of the skin
- Avitiligo
- Bhemosiderosis
- Calbinism
- Dohronosis
82which of the following is correct for mechanical jaundice:
- Ait is parenchyma jaundice
- Bthere is posthepatic occlusion
- Cdirect bilirubin is increased
- Dit is also called hemolytic jaundice
83"Mutilation" means:
- Aform of biological mutation
- Bpendulum movement of the blood
- Czonal hair loss
- Dself amputation of the phalanges
84in the bronchi and nasal cavity may develop squamous cell carcinoma based on:
- Ahypoplasia
- Bhistological accomodation
- Canaplasia
- Dmetaplasia
85state which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:
- Alike a "bowl"
- Blike a "cauliflower"
- Cround non healing ulcers on the face
- Dvery dense knot int he face
86the most common localisation of lymphangioma is:
- Athe face
- Bin sella turcica
- Con the phalanges of the toes
- Dlips, tongue
87presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:
- Areactive inflammation
- Bmorphological anaplasia
- Cstromal reaction
- Dsinus histiocytosis
88Carcinoids are:
- Atumor-like process
- Bbenign tumors
- Cmalignant tumors
- Dhyperplastic process
89how does carcinoma in situ metastasize?
- Aby the lymph flow
- Bperineural
- Cby the blood flow
- Ddoes not metastasize
90the most frequent localisation of neurinoma in the skull is:
- Aponto-cerebellar angle
- Bfalx cerebri
- Ctentorium cerebelli
- Dcerebellum
91Signet-ring cells are seen in:
- Ain obesity
- Bvacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney
- Cliver steatosis
- Dadenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells
92squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:
- Amouth mucosa
- Blining in the bronchi
- Clining of the vaginal part of the cervix
- Depithelium of gastric mucosa
93Dermoid cyst is:
- Amature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary
- Bbenign tumor of cells of the soft meninges
- Cpigmental tumor
- Dbenign tumor associated with pregnancy
94ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:
- Aadenocarcinoma of the stomach
- Bleutic ulcer
- CRodent bites
- Dbasal cell carcinoma
95the following microscopic description indicates: H-E staining: the lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.
- Anaevus pigementosus
- Bmelanoma maligum
- Cskin oedema
- Dbasal cell Carcinoma
96the following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:
- Abrown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs
- Bheart tamponade
- C1st degree AV-block
- Dall of the above
97which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: the cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). the valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularisation).
- Aacute endocarditis
- Bsubacute endocarditis
- Cage-related degeneration of the valve
- DRheumatism
98which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atropic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization
- Anutmeg liver
- Bcyanosis hepatis
- Cacute hepatitis
- Datrophy of the liver
99the following microscopic description in indicative for: H-E staining: alveolar spaces are filled with precipitated homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar Septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi
- Ahemorrhagic infarction of the lung
- Bhemosiderosis pulmonis
- Cpulmofibrosis
- Dlung edema
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