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MD32 Harmful effects of medicines

Mer Scott 9 questions

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  1. 1Adverse Drug Reactions, ADRs:
    • Account for [blank_start]3 - 6 %[blank_end] of hospital admissions New Zealand
    • Accident Compensation Commission ~[blank_start]16%[blank_end] of claims for medication ~ [blank_start]$6 million[blank_end]
    • [blank_start]44%[blank_end] ADRs causing hospital admission are preventable
    1. A3 - 6 %
    2. B16%
    3. C$6 million
    4. D44%
  2. 2ADR scale:
    1. [blank_start]Mild[blank_end] - No antidote or treatment is require; no hospitalisation. eg drowsiness from antihistamines.
    2. Moderate - A [blank_start]change[blank_end] in treatment (modified dose, addition of medicine) but not necessarily discontinuation of the medicine is required. Hospitalisation may be [blank_start]prolonged[blank_end] or [blank_start]specific[blank_end] treatment may be required. eg venous thrombosis from hormonal birth control.
    3. Severe - An ADR is [blank_start]potentially[blank_end] life threatening and requires [blank_start]discontinuation[blank_end] of the drug and specific treatment of the ADR. eg angiodema from ACE inhibitors.
    4. Lethal - An ADR directly or indirectly contributes to a patients [blank_start]death[blank_end] eg liver failure from paracetamol overdose.
    1. AMild
    2. Bchange
    3. Cprolonged
    4. Dspecific
    5. Epotentially
    6. Fdiscontinuation
    7. Gdeath
  3. 3Incidence of ADR more common in:
    • Polypharmacy (take [blank_start]> 5[blank_end] medicines)
    • Elderly
    • Children
    • Patient with [blank_start]multiple diseases[blank_end]
    • Pregnancy
    • Malnourished
    • Immunosuppression
    • Drug [blank_start]Abusers and addicts[blank_end]
    1. A> 5
    2. Bmultiple diseases
    3. Cabusers and addicts
  4. 4ADRs can be Type A (Predictable); based on [blank_start]pharmacological[blank_end] properties,
    or Type B (Non-predictable); based on [blank_start]immunological[blank_end] response and [blank_start]genetic makeup[blank_end] of person.
    1. Apharmacological
    2. Bimmunological
    3. Cgenetic makeup
  5. 5TYPE A: AUGMENTED
    [blank_start]Predictable[blank_end], Most common - [blank_start]~80[blank_end] of ADRs.
    • Based on the [blank_start]pharmacological properties[blank_end] of the drug
    • [blank_start]Dose[blank_end] related
    • Preventable, mostly [blank_start]reversible[blank_end]
    1. A~80%
    2. Bpharmacological properties
    3. CDose
    4. Dreversible
    5. EPredictable
  6. 6Type A toxic effects are due to overdose or prolonged use.
    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
  7. 7TYPE B- BIZZARE
    • Have no [blank_start]direct relationship[blank_end] to the dose of the drug or the pharmacological mechanism of drug action.
    • Develop on the basis of:
    - [blank_start]Immunological[blank_end] reaction on a drug (Allergy, uncommon)
    - [blank_start]Genetic[blank_end] predisposition (Idiosyncratic reactions, rare)
    • More [blank_start]serious[blank_end] clinical outcomes with [blank_start]higher[blank_end] mortality and morbidity
    • Mostly require [blank_start]immediate withdrawal[blank_end] of the drug
    1. Adirect relationship
    2. BImmunological
    3. CGenetic
    4. Dserious
    5. Ehigher
    6. Fimmediate withdrawal
  8. 8TYPE C – CHRONIC (CONTINOUS) USE
    • They are mostly associated with [blank_start]cumulative-long term[blank_end] exposure
    • Predictable
    TYPE D – DELAYED
    They manifest themselves with [blank_start]significant[blank_end] delay, can take [blank_start]years[blank_end] to appear and can be due to accumulation. E.g.:
    • Teratogenesis – medicine causes [blank_start]foetal abnormalities[blank_end] when administered to the pregnant mother
    • Cancerogenesis – [blank_start]cancer[blank_end] causing medicines
    • Predictable or Unpredictable
    TYPE E – END OF USE
    • Predictable
    • Drug [blank_start]withdrawal[blank_end] syndromes and rebound phenomenons
    • Example – sudden withdrawal of long term therapy analgesics
    1. Acumulative-long term
    2. Bsignificant
    3. Cyears
    4. Dfoetal abnormalities
    5. Ecancer
    6. Fwithdrawal
  9. 9Drug induced diseases, also called [blank_start]iatrogenic[blank_end] (clinician induced) diseases, are caused by drugs. E.g.:
    • Hepatitis by [blank_start]isoniazid and rifampicin[blank_end]
    • Peptic ulcers by [blank_start]NSAIDs and corticosteroids[blank_end]
    • Retinal damage by [blank_start]chloroquine[blank_end]
    1. Aiatrogenic
    2. Bisoniazid and rifampicin
    3. CNSAIDs and corticosteroids
    4. Dchloroquine

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Description
PHCY211 (Medicines) Quiz on MD32 Harmful effects of medicines, created by Mer Scott on 27/05/2018.
Author
Mer Scott
Language
English
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