Quiz
Modalities - Rizvi
Questions in this quiz (50)
1What is the most appropriate remedy if a patient reports pain during the application of
ultrasound?- ADecrease the intensity and move the transducer more quickly
- BDecrease the intensity
- CMove the transducer more quickly
- DDecrease the treatment time
2Blanching is one of the responses of the skin that is helpful in determining whether or not the circulation is impaired to an area. What is the significance of blanching in the treatment area?
- AIt indicates the absence or presence of capillary buds in the injured tissue
- BIt determines the amount of hemoglobin present in the injured tissue.
- CIt tests the amount of melanin present.
- DIt indicates the response of applied pressure to the skin, indicating circulation.
3What is the most common symptom for which an individual seeks medical attention for physical therapy?
- ADepression
- BPain
- CAnxiety
- DObesity
- ETrauma to soft tissue
4Circumferential or girth measurements for the assessment of edema may be inadvertently inconsistent. Which of the following would cause this to occur?
- ADocumenting where previous measures were taken.
- BMeasuring with the same tape each time
- CMeasuring at the same time of day each time
- DUsing bony landmarks as reference points for measurement
- ETaking measurements at varied times during the day
5Sound energy is transmitted as a wave. The energy produces the collision of vibrating particles, which transmit the wave energy from one particle to another, transferring momentum. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
- ANone of the above
- BUltrasound transmits energy to the body.
- CSound has the ability to transmit wave energy through the body.
- DSound travels through the body.
- ESound does not have the ability to travel through the body.
6Cryotherapy refers to the practice of using cold to achieve therapeutic goals. What is the reflex response to lowered skin temperature?
- AVasoconstriction
- BVasodilation
- CShivering
- DPain
7What is the mechanism for heat transfer from a hot pack, and how does it influence the application of a hot pack?
- ANone of the above
- BConduction; and the hot pack within its cover must make direct contact with the treatment area.
- CConduction; and the hot pack application is irrelevant.
- DConversion; and the hot pack within its cover must be moved.
8What is the most important reason that there needs to be a coupling agent between the ultrasound transducer and the patient when administering ultrasound?
- ATo help the sound waves travel, because sound waves from the transducer cannot travel through the air
- BTo increase the cost of the treatment for the patient
- CTo make the administration of the ultrasound more comfortable for the patient
- DTo reduce the reflection of the acoustical energy from the metal transducer into the air
9Ultrasound is indicated in soft tissue injuries in part due to the effects that it has as a nonthermal treatment modality. It has been shown to promote which of the following effects?
- AAll of the above
- BTissue repair
- CHistamine production
- DProtein synthesis
- ECollagen Production
10Continuous ultrasound refers to an uninterrupted flow of sound waves. Pulsed ultrasound is produced by intermittently interrupting the supply of electrical energy to the sound head, which causes interruptions in the sound waves. Which form of ultrasound has the greatest potential to cause thermal effects?
- AUltrasound is equally thermal in both continuous and pulsed modes.
- BContinuous
- CPulsed
- DUltrasound is not thermal
11Which of the following criteria is inconsistent with chronic pain?
- AThe cause is well defined.
- BThe cause is not correctable or is uncertain.
- CMedical treatments have been ineffective.
- DThe painful symptoms have persisted for more than 3 months.
12The result of the path of an incident and reflected wave colliding would cause what to occur in human tissues if the waves were exactly in phase?
- ALow peaks and low power in the returning wave
- BStable cavitation and vibration
- CUnstable cavitation and tissue implosion
- DNothing; they would cancel each other out in the tissue
13Based on the physiological effects of therapeutic heat, intervention goals are easy to identify. Therapeutic heating agents are used as adjunctive intervention techniques for achieving functional goals. Which of the following goals would NOT be facilitated by the application of therapeutic heat?
- AAlleviation of pain
- BIncreased tissue extensibility
- CIncreased strength to perform functional activities
- DIncreased motion and improvement in activities of daily living
14Anatomy of the underlying tissues has what type of effect on the impedance and absorption of ultrasound?
- AThe number of liquids in the underlying tissue will dissipate the acoustical energy.
- BThe density of the tissues and the number of different structural components within it will help dissipate or absorb the acoustical energy of ultrasound.
- CThe number of tissue layers in the underlying area will not affect the absorption of ultrasound.
- DThe density of the structural components has no effect on the impedance or absorption of ultrasound.
15Edema is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation; it represents an increase in the
amount of interstitial fluid either diffused or localized to the injury site. Which of the following measurements would be inappropriate for the assessment of edema?- ACircumferential measurements
- BPain assessment
- CVolumetric water displacement
- DJoint mobility
- EAll of the above
16Based upon the characteristics of sound, which pitch would you be more likely to hear if your neighbor were having a party where there was loud music playing, and why?
- AA lower pitch sound because it travels farther than higher pitch sounds.
- BA lower pitch sound because it travels with all of its energy, unlike higher pitch sounds.
- CA higher pitch because it travels farther than lower pitch sounds.
- DA higher pitch because it travels with all of its energy, unlike lower pitch sounds.
17What must take place between the physical agent and the patient’s skin if conduction is the method of thermal exchange?
- ADirect contact between the thermal agent and the patient’s skin
- BSufficient movement of air between the thermal agent and the patient’s skin
- CAn extended period of exposure between the heat agent and the skin
- DThe transformation from a liquid to a gas state
18Cold is commonly used in the management of acute inflammation and edema. Which of the following interventions has been the most successful in controlling pain and edema in the management of acute ankle sprains?
- ACold
- BCold and compression
- CNo difference has been identified between the use of cold or compression, separately or together.
- DCompression
19Temperature regulation occurs to maintain homeostasis through the interaction of local and central neural mechanisms. Where in the brain is this information processed?
- ANone of the above
- BIn the hypothalamus
- CIn the cortex
- DIn the thalamus
- EIn the cerebellum
20Which of the following types of nociceptors has the fastest conduction velocity?
- ASmall, unmyelinated C-fibers
- BMechanoreceptors
- CA-delta fibers
- DC-fibers
21What is the difference between girth assessment for edema and volumetric assessment of edema?
- AGirth measurements are more difficult to take than volumetric measurements of edema.
- BGirth is measured with a tape measure and volume is measured with water displacement.
- CGirth is measured at the same time of day each time and volumetry can be performed at any time during the day.
- DGirth measurements indicate the exact location of the edema and the quantity; volumetric assessment just indicates that there is edema present but not specifically where.
22Which of the following types of non-narcotic medications is often prescribed for analgesia but tends to cause gastrointestinal irritation?
- ACodeine
- BMorphine
- CSerotonin
- DNSAIDs
- EMethamphetamine
23How does the application of superficial heat administered through a fluidotherapy differ from the application of a hot pack or paraffin?
- AA fluidotherapy does not lose heat over time and heats by convection.
- BA fluidotherapy loses heat over time and heats by conduction.
- CA fluidotherapy loses heat over time and heats by convection.
- DThere is no difference between them except cost.
24Which of the following terms means “the purposeful and skilled interaction of the physical therapist with the patient/client . . . using various physical therapy methods and techniques to produce changes in the condition that are consistent with the diagnosis and prognosis” (according to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 2nd edition)?
- ANone of the above
- BDiagnosis
- CIntervention
- DEvaluation
- EExamination
25Which of the following best defines the term “control group”?
- ANone of the above
- BThe group not receiving the intervention
- CThe group receiving the intervention
- DThe group that reviews the study outcome
- EThe group that controls the entire study
26Which of the following terms is NOT a synonym for the frequency of acoustic vibrations?
- AMegahertz
- BRate
- CCycles per second
- DNone; all of these terms are synonyms for frequency.
27Pain receptors are responsible for signaling potential tissue damage. What is the name for this type of receptor?
- AMotor fibers
- BThermoreceptors
- CNociceptors
- DMechanoreceptors
28Residual elongation of connective tissue is dependent upon which of the following?
- ASufficient increase in tissue temperature
- BThe timing of the application
- CType of stretch applied
- DAll of the above
29Which of the following terms means “a dynamic process in which the physical therapist makes clinical judgments based on data gathered during the examination” (according to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 2nd edition)?
- AIntervention
- BExamination
- CDiagnosis
- DEvaluation
30Which of the following statements is most accurate?
- AScar tissue is stronger than the tissue it replaces.
- BScar tissue is 70% as strong as the tissue it replaces.
- CScar tissue is not as strong as the tissue it replaces.
- DScar tissue is as strong as the tissue it replaces.
31What is the difference between iontophoresis and phonophoresis?
- AThere is no difference between iontophoresis and phonophoresis.
- BIontophoresis uses sound to deliver medication and phonophoresis uses electrical current to deliver medication to the underlying tissues.
- CIontophoresis uses electrical charge to push medication into the underlying tissue and phonophoresis uses sound to push medication into the tissue.
- DIontophoresis delivers ions and phonophoresis delivers molecules into the underlying tissues.
32Which of the following research designs contains a control group?
- AExperimental
- BNon-experimental
- CCase study
- DQuasi-experimental
33Muscle tone refers to the resistance of the muscle to passive stretch or elongation, or how “tight” it feels. Which of the following terms is the most appropriate when referring to this phenomenon after an injury?
- AMuscle spasticity
- BMuscle guarding
- CMuscle spasm
- DFlexibility
- ENone of these terms is correct.
34Of what potential significance is the beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) of an ultrasound transducer?
- AIt is a ratio of the surface area of the transducer and how pulsed the energy is over the average area.
- BIt is the ratio of the power of the ultrasound to the duty factor of the ultrasound.
- CIt is the ratio to the surface area of the transducer in square centimeters to measurable acoustical energy leaving the crystal in Watts.
- DIt is the ratio of the peak power to the average power in the cross section of the transducer.
35Which of the following terms best describes the phenomenon experienced by the patient when painful symptoms are perceived in areas remote from the site of the original tissue damage?
- APhantom pain
- BAcute pain
- CChronic pain
- DReferred pain
36The duty factor of the ultrasound unit represents which of the following characteristics of the ultrasound that is being delivered to the patient?
- AThe percentage of off time of the acoustical energy
- BThe frequency of the acoustical energy
- CThe percentage of on time of the acoustical energy
- DThe treatment time for the acoustical energy
37Which of the following organizations includes the use of evidence-based practice in its “Vision 2020”?
- AAmerican Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
- BFederation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)
- CCommission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)
- DMedicare
38A referral area of pain that follows the dermatome of a nerve is following what pattern?
- AThe organ that is supplied by that nerve
- BThe bone that is supplied by that nerve
- CThe muscle that is supplied by that nerve
- DThe skin that is supplied by that nerve
39The most basic premise behind Melzack and Wall’s gate control theory of pain is that:
- ANo pain, no gain!
- BPsychological factors influence pain perception, making it impossible to accurately quantify.
- CSensory stimuli can inhibit painful stimuli from reaching the brain.
- DPain is a unique experience for all individuals, which can be qualified only by the individual experiencing it.
- EThere is an interaction of peripheral and central mechanisms that may or may not elicit a painful response to noxious stimuli.
40Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of subjects to the strength of the research study?
- AStudies that have subjects also have the least strength.
- BThere is no relationship.
- CStudies don't have subjects.
- DThe lower the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
- EThe higher the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
41Conversion refers to the temperature change that results from energy transformed from
one form to another, such as the conversion from mechanical or electrical energy to heat.
Which of the following examples of a physical agent modality represents a form of heat by conversion?- AContinuous ultrasound
- BHot pack application
- CIce Massage
- DExposure to an infrared lamp
- EFluidotherapy
42Therapeutic heat or cold is delivered to the target tissue by all of the following mechanisms except?
- AEvaporation
- BRadiation
- CNone of the above; all are mechanisms for the delivery of therapeutic heat.
- DConversion
43The McGill-Melzack pain questionnaire differs from other pain assessment tools in which important aspect?
- AIt was copyrighted, and data collected with it are tabulated with a national databank funded by the copyright fees.
- BIt has been used experimentally and has known values for effectiveness
- CIt is multidimensional and crosses cultures, diagnoses, and levels of cognitive understanding.
- DIt is no different from other pain assessment tools.
44Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding clinical versus experimental pain?
- AAlthough the sensation is the same, results accomplished experimentally should not be extrapolated to be identical in clinical pain syndromes.
- BClinical pain is unique to each individual, which makes experimental pain of no use for research purposes.
- CExperimental pain is easier to produce than clinical pain and is therefore of no use for research purposes.
- DThe sensations are the same regardless of the method of production, which makes extrapolation of data from experimental studies directly applicable to clinical pain syndromes.
- ENone of the above
45Ultrasound uses sound, which is produced by vibration of a medium. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate for the transmission of sound?
- AA liquid
- BA solid
- CA gas
- DA vacuum
46Spotty patches of erythema following the application of thermal agents are referred to as mottling of the skin. What is the significance of mottling?
- AMottling is a normal response to the application of cold.
- BMottling is an abnormal response to the application of cold.
- CMottling is a normal response to the application of heat.
- DMottling is a potential warning sign that the underlying tissue may not be able to effectively respond to thermal agents.
47Which of the following endogenous substances is NOT released into an injured area as a normal response to injury?
- AGlucose
- BHistamine
- CPotassium
- DSerotonin
48When sensory information reaches the brain, the information is integrated and interpreted along with information about the temperature of the blood circulating through the hypothalamus. Which of the following mechanisms regulates temperature?
- AShivering to maintain heat
- BVasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels
- CAll of the above are examples of temperature regulation.
- DSweating to lose heat
49Heat from superficial heating agents generally penetrates to depths of less than 2 cm (approximately inch) from the surface of the skin. Subcutaneous tissue that is wellvascularized reaches its maximum temperature within 8 to 10 minutes of application. Which of the following individual patient factors would potentially alter this?
- ABoth A and B could potentially alter the effects of superficial heating agents.
- BNeither A nor B would alter the effects of superficial heating agents.
- CThe intensity of the superficial heating agent
- DThe amount of adipose in the area being treated
50According to Melzack and Wall’s gate control theory of pain, how does the application of therapeutic heat reduce the perception of pain?
- AThe theory has not been proven; therefore the application of therapeutic heat does not reduce pain perception.
- BThermal stimuli override sensory input and open the gate in the spinal cord.
- CThermal stimuli inhibit nociceptor input to the spinal cord and open the gate in the spinal cord.
- DThermal stimuli override painful stimuli and inhibit pain transmission.
Information
- Description
- Midterm review
- Author
- Alberto Alejandro
- Language
- English
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