Quiz
Pharmaceutics Drug degradation
Questions in this quiz (40)
1Which of the following are mechanisms for chemical drug degradation?
- Ahydrolysis
- Boxidation
- Cisomerization
- Depimerization
- Ephotolysis
- Fvaporization
- Gpolymorphism
- Hadsorption
2Which of the following are mechanisms of physical drug degradation?
- Avaporization
- Bpolymorphism
- Cadsorption
- Dphotolysis
- Eepimerization
- Fisomerization
- Goxidation
- Hhydrolysis
3What is the MOST common cause of drug decomposition?
- Ahydrolysis
- Boxidation
- Cvaporization
- Dpolymorphism
- Eadsorption
- Fisomerization
- Gepimerization
- Hphotolysis
4What functional groups are involved hydrolysis reaction drug decomposition?
- AEster, Salts, Amides, lactone, lactam
- BAldehydes, alcohols, phenols, sugars, alkaloids, unsaturated fats and oils
5What factors affect hydrolysis?
- Atemperature
- BpH
- Cwater content
- Dradiation
- Ecatalysts
- Fsynergists
- GUV
6How would you minimize hydrolysis?
- A(i) Protecting from heat, (ii) Refrigeration
- BAdjusting the pH and using buffers
- CRemoving water or reducing water content
- DUsing tightly closed containers
- EUsing an insoluble form of the drug in water
- FLyophilization of the product for subsequent reconstitution
- GUsing a soluble form of the drug in water
- HApplying heat and keep at room temp.
- IUse open containers
- JAdding water to dry powder
7What causes oxidation?
- Aoxidizing agents
- Breducing agents
- Chydrolyzing agents
8Free radical may form from the presence of trace amounts of
- Acarbon
- Bcalcium
- Cheavy metals (Pb)
- Dperoxides
- Eatmospheric oxygen
- Fcarbon dioxide
9Which of the following is the initiation stage of free radical formation?
- AR--R ---> R• + R•
- BR• + O2 ---> ROO•
ROO• + R--R ---> ROOR + R• - CR• + R• -----> R--R
R• + ROO• ----> ROOR
10Which of the following represent the propagation stage of free radical formation?
- AR--R ---> R• + R•
- BR• + O2 ---> ROO•
ROO• + R--R ---> ROOR + R• - CR• + R• -----> R--R
R• + ROO• ----> ROOR
11What factors MOST affect oxidation?
- Aconcentration of reducing species
- Bconcentration of oxidizing species
- Ctemperature
- Dradiation
- Ecatalysts
- FpH
- Gwater content
12Gamma-radiation is used to sterilize products.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13Solutions are less sensitive to radiation than solid dosage forms.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14Heavy metals (cupric, chromic, ferrous, ferric, etc.) are catalysts that affect hydrolysis.
- ATrue
- BFalse
15Epinephrine exhibits a minimum oxidative decomposition at pH = ?
- A3.4
- B1.5
- C2.8
- D12
- E7
16Epinephrine exhibits a minimum oxidative decomposition
at pH 3.4. At higher pH it degrades slower.- ATrue
- BFalse
17In regard to factors affecting oxidation, antibiotic or vitamin preparations have a pH range of maximum stability.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Which antioxidants would be used to improve stability of a drug in an aqueous system?
- Asodium sulfite
- Bsodium metabisulfite
- Csodium bisulfite
- Dsodium thiosulfate
- Eascorbic acid
- Fhydroquinone
- Gpropyl gallate
- Hbutylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
- Ibutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
- Jalpha‐tocopherol
19Which antioxidants would be used to improve stability of a drug in an oil system?
- Ahydroquinone
- Bpropyl gallate
- Cbutylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
- Dbutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
- Ealpha‐tocopherol
- Fsodium sulfite
- Gsodium metabisulfite
- Hsodium bisulfite
- Isodium thiosulfate
- Jascorbic acid
20For products, extremely sensitive to atmospheric oxygen, the head-space in the pharmaceutical container can be filled with ____ or _____ instead of air.
- Anitrogen
- Bcarbon dioxide
- Ccarbon monoxide
- Dhydrogen
- Esulfur
- Fwater
- Gcatalysts
21How would we minimize oxidation other than using antioxidants?
- Ainclusion of chelating agents
- Bbuffering agents
- Cwater with heavy metals
- Dwater without heavy metals
- Euse metal containers
- Fuse glass containers
- Gadd oxidizing agents
22Saturated drug molecules have tendency to interact with lights.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Dextro & Levo optical isomers are pharmaceutically active separately.
- ATrue
- BFalse
24Generally dextro forms show more pharmacological effects, e.g., epinephrine, alpha‐methyldopa, propranolol, warfarin, ibuprofen, pilocarpine, ergotamine
- ATrue
- BFalse
25Microbiological degradation by bacteria create
- Aalkaline media
- Bacidic media
- Cneutral media
26Microbiological degradation by mold and yeast create
- Aacidic media
- Balkaline media
- Cneutral media
27Which dosage form is more vulnerable to microbial degradation?
- Asolution preparations
- Btablets
- Ccapsules
- Dtopicals
- Esuppositories
28To remedy microbiological degradation, preservatives can be added & when alcohol is the vehicle, of ____ alcohol itself
gives intrinsic bacteriostatic property.- A15‐18%
- B40-50%
- C1-5%
- D7-14%
- E19-23%
29According to the law of mass action, the rate of a chemical reaction is
- Aproportional to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants each raised to a power “usually” equal to the number of molecules, a and b, of the substances A and B, respectively, undergoing reaction.
- Bproportional to the reactants of the molar concentration of the products each raised to a power “usually” equal to the number of molecules, a and b, of the substances A and B, respectively, undergoing reaction.
- Cdisproportional to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants each raised to a power “usually” equal to the number of molecules, a and b, of the substances A and B, respectively, undergoing reaction.
- Dinversely related to the product of the molar concentration of the reactants each raised to a power “usually” equal to the number of molecules, a and b, of the substances A and B, respectively, undergoing reaction.
30Molecularity is important in reaction kinetics.
- ATrue
- BFalse
31One fundamental of kinetics is the reaction equation has to be balanced. Also, termolecular reactions are common.
- ATrue
- BFalse
322 NO + Br2 =2NOBr
- Aunimolecular
- Bbimolecular
- Ctermolecular
33H2 + I2 = 2HI
- Aunimolecular
- Bbimolecular
- Ctermolecular
34Br_2 = 2 Br
- Aunimolecular
- Bbimolecular
- Ctermolecular
35The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the _______of the concentration items.
- Aexponents
- Brate constant
- Ctime
- D[reactants]
- E[products]
36It is difficult to calculate reaction order just looking at the reaction equation.
- ATrue
- BFalse
37Knowing reaction order is not important for studying half-life & reaction kinetic studies.
- ATrue
- BFalse
38Higher the 'k' value means the slower the reaction.
- ATrue
- BFalse
39k does not depend on the concentrations of A & B but it will change if you change the reaction temperature.
- ATrue
- BFalse
40All of the following EXCEPT this one are chemical methods of drug degradation.
- Ahydrolysis
- Bpolymorphism
- Cphotolysis
- Dauto-oxidation
- Eracemization
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- Pharmaceutics Exam 1 Quiz on Pharmaceutics Drug degradation, created by jacosta08 on 10/02/2015.
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- jacosta08
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