Quiz
Module 9
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Questions in this quiz (16)
1Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- APairs of aortic arches arise from the caudal end of the heart tube.
- BAfter gastrulation, lateral body folding transforms the four flat germ layers into a series of tubes.
- CLateral body folding allows a pair of endocardial tubes to fuse into a single primitive heart tube.
- DThe primitive heart tube fuses in caudal to cranial direction.
- EThe heart develops from mesoderm near the future caudal end of the embryo.
2Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- AThe umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood from the placenta.
- BDuring lateral body folding, the neural tube forms.
- CVitelline veins drain the head, neck and body wall.
- DCardinal veins drain the gastrointestinal tract and derivatives.
- ETwo pairs of veins drain into the caudal end of the heart tube.
3Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- AThe future ventricles move cranially and dorsally.
- BThe outflow tract rotates and bulges to the left.
- CThe secondary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle and the outflow tract.
- DThe sinus venosus and the atrium move caudally, ventrally and to the right.
- EThe sinus venosus and primitive atrium develop from the primary heart field.
4Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- AThe sinus venosus is directly connected to the primitive ventricle.
- BThe conus cordis will form the smooth walled base of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
- CThe atrioventricular canal separates the primitive atrium from the right ventricle.
- DThe primitive atrium is formed by contributions from only the primary heart field.
- EThe truncus arteriosus will form the descending aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
5Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- AThe interventricular septum is formed by fusion of endocardial cushions.
- BNeural crest cells migrate into the inflow tract.
- CThe two atrioventricular canals shift to the left.
- DNeural crest cells migrate into the endocardial cushions at the atrioventricular canal.
- ERemodeling and erosion of the ventricular walls forms papillary muscles and chorda tendinae.
6Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- AThe outflow tract shifts to the right.
- BThe movement of the atrioventricular canals allows each canal to connect an atrium with a ventricle.
- CCushion tissue at the atrioventricular canal develops from a mesenchyme to epithelial transformation.
- DCushion tissue in the outflow tract develops from a mesenchyme to epithelial transformation.
- EThe muscular part of the interventricular septum develops near the junction of the two atria.
7Which is correct concerning early heart development?
- ANeural crest cell help form parts of the interventricular and interatrial septa.
- BThe right atrium enlarges by incorporating pulmonary veins.
- CThe left atrium enlarges by incorporating the sinus venosus.
- DThe incorporated veins and the sinus venosus form the smooth walled parts of each ventricle.
- EThe endocardial cushions contribute to the leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves.
8Which is correct concerning fetal circulation?
- AThe left umbilical vein degenerates during development, leaving the right umbilical vein as the sole carrier of oxygenated blood from the placenta.
- BIf the pressure in the umbilical vein is too high, the ductus arteriosus sphincter diverts more of the blood to the liver and thus reduces pressure that may damage the fetal heart.
- COxygenated blood that reaches the fetal inferior vena cava may bypass the developing liver through the ductus venosus.
- DAbout 50% of fetal oxygenated blood courses through the fetal liver and then to the IVC via the hepatic arteries.
- EThe goal of fetal circulation is to get oxygenated blood to the right ventricle as efficiently as possible.
9Which is correct concerning fetal circulation?
- AThe mixing in the right atrium maximizes the saturation of blood entering the left atrium, left ventricle, and the three branches of the aorta.
- BDuring fetal life blood pressure is higher on the left side of the heart.
- CMost of the SVC blood is prevented from mixing with the more oxygenated umbilical vein blood and is diverted to the right ventricle.
- DBlood entering the left atrium through the IVC is directed through the foramen ovale to the right atrium by the valve of the inferior vena cava.
- EBlood entering the right atrium via the SVC is largely diverted through the foramen ovale.
10Which is correct concerning septal development?
- AAfter the foramen primum closes, the foramen secundum appears in the upper part of the septum primum.
- BThe development of the interatrial septum is less complicated than the development of the interventricular septum.
- CDuring fetal life, blood entering the right atrium is shunted to the left atrium.
- DThe septum primum fuses with the endocardial cushions closing the foramen secundum.
- EIn the ventricle, the septum primum has the foramen primum at its free edge.
11Which is correct concerning septal development?
- AThe septum primum develops on the right atrium side of the interatrial septum.
- BThe septum secundum develops on the left atrium side of the interatrial septum.
- CDuring fetal life, blood flows through the foramen ovale and the foramen secundum.
- DThe septum secundum becomes the valve of the foramen ovale.
- EThe foramen ovale is smaller than the foramen secundum.
12Which is correct concerning postnatal circulation?
- AThe higher right atrial pressure pushes the septum primum against the septum secundum, closing the foramen ovale.
- BPressure in the aorta increases, so there is reversal of flow through the ductus arteriosus from the aorta into the pulmonary artery.
- CWith the first postnatal breaths, pulmonary resistance increases.
- DPulmonary vein flow increases to the right atrium.
- EBlood flow through the pulmonary artery increases by 10%.
13Which is correct concerning postnatal circulation?
- AThe ductus venosus closes and forms the ligamentum arteriosum.
- BAn increase in prostaglandin levels near term facilitates closure of the ductus arteriosum.
- CIn 1-2 years, the ductus arteriosus becomes a fibrous connection between the left pulmonary artery and the aortic arch, the ligamentum arteriosum.
- DThe umbilical artery obliterates and forms the ligamentum teres hepatis.
- EHigher oxygen saturation near term facilitates closure of the ductus arteriosum.
14Which is correct concerning heart septum formation?
- AThe conotruncal septum must separate the outflow tract into the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta.
- BThe conotruncal septum must develop in the form of a spiral so that the proper "tube" exits from the proper ventricle.
- CCushion tissue in the outflow tract septum is composed of epithelial tissue.
- DNeural crest cells migrate into derivatives of the primary heart field and help form the conotruncal septum.
- EThe conotruncal septum forms the membranous part of the inter-atrial septum.
15Which is correct concerning heart septum formation?
- AThe conotruncal septum is absent in transposition of the great vessels.
- BThe conotruncal septum must develop in the form of a spiral so that the descending aorta arises from the left ventricle.
- CTetralogy of Fallot is the most common acyanotic heart defect.
- DCyanosis is an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood resulting in bluish skin and mucus membranes.
- ETetralogy of Fallot is caused by unequal division of the inflow tract.
16Which is correct concerning these malformations?
- APersistent truncus arteriosus is caused by unequal division of the inflow tract.
- BA patent ductus arteriosus can be closed by administration of prostaglandin E.
- CTetralogy of Fallot is the most common acyanotic heart defect.
- DIn a coarctation of the aorta, there is increased anterograde flow in the posterior intercostal arteries.
- EA patent ductus arteriosus can be closed by administration of a prostaglandin E inhibitor.
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- Quiz on Module 9, created by Eric Suchanec on 04/08/2022.
- Author
- Eric Suchanec
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- English
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