Quiz
EVSC 421
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Questions in this quiz (106)
1Name the following technosols
[blank_start]Ekranic[blank_end] = Sealed
[blank_start]Spolic[blank_end] = industrial wastes
[blank_start]Linic[blank_end] = Lined
[blank_start]Garbic[blank_end] = Organic Wastes
[blank_start]Urbic[blank_end] = Rubbly- AEkranic
- BSpolic
- CLinic
- DGarbic
- EUrbic
2The six classes of common contaminants:
[blank_start]Metals[blank_end] = urban setting
[blank_start]acids and bases[blank_end] = common in fertilizer, limestone or concrete
[blank_start]Oil[blank_end] = could be from combustion or dust
[blank_start]Pharmaceuticals[blank_end] = improper disposal
[blank_start]Salinity[blank_end] = Used in cities, interferes with biological processes- AMetals
- Bacids and bases
- COil
- DPharmaceuticals
- ESalinity
3As particles get smaller, there surface area to mass [blank_start]increases[blank_end]. As a result the [blank_start]pollutant[blank_end] content per mass increases.
[blank_start]33[blank_end] micro meters = stuck to hand
2.5 -10 micro meters = inhaled, but most is then ingested
[blank_start]2.5[blank_end] micro meters = deep into lungs- A33
- B2.5
- Cpollutant
- Dincreases
4Chromium is a carcinogen when ingested, but not inhaled. Showing that the pathway is very important
- ATrue
- BFalse
5Iron [blank_start]3[blank_end] adsorbs pollutants in [blank_start]aerobic[blank_end] conditions. If iron 3 is [blank_start]reduced[blank_end] in anaerobic conditions, the pollutant is released by iron [blank_start]2[blank_end]. If the pH is lowered, iron [blank_start]3[blank_end] goes to iron [blank_start]2[blank_end]. (Use 2 or 3)
- A3
- B2
- C3
- Daerobic
- Ereduced
- F2
6Diffusion is through the clay particles. It ranges from 10 to the minus [blank_start]8[blank_end] to [blank_start]10[blank_end]. Fractured flow is through the cracks in the clay. It ranges from 10 to the minus [blank_start]4[blank_end] to [blank_start]6[blank_end].
- A4
- B6
- C8
- D10
7The three major processes occuring in glacial till soils are:
- ADegradation of carbon
- BOxidation/reduction
- CCompetitive ion exchange
- DPrecipitation Dissolution
- EAnaerobic respiration
8Match the following dissolution reactions
[blank_start]Dolomite[blank_end] CaMgCO3 --> Ca + Mg + 2CO3
[blank_start]Mackinawite[blank_end] FeS + H --> Fe + HS
[blank_start]Calcite[blank_end] CaCO3 --> Ca +CO3- ADolomite
- BMackinawite
- CCalcite
9Why is staining more dominant along fractures in the 1-3m zone?
- A1. It was Exposed to oxygenated grounwater
- B2. Dominated by dryness, plant, and freeze thaw
- C3. Glacial stress and regional techtonic stress
- DIt is not more dominant
- E2,3
- F1,2
100 - [blank_start]3.5[blank_end] m = Intense hydraulic conductivity
[blank_start]3.5[blank_end] - 7 m = Limited hydraulic conductivity
7 - [blank_start]12[blank_end] m = very hydraulic conductivity
[blank_start]15[blank_end] m = Lowest depth of fractures- A3.5
- B3.5
- C12
- D15
11[blank_start]Bio-accessibility[blank_end]: The total amount of contaminant that is desorbed from soil, which is available for uptake into the circulatory system
- ABio-accessibility
- BBioavailabiliy
12[blank_start]Bioavailability[blank_end]: The proportion of the contaminant that enters the circulation system when introduced into the body and is able to have an effect.
- ABioavailability
- BBio-accessibility
13The [blank_start]dose[blank_end] at the site of toxic action determines toxicity.
[blank_start]Increasing[blank_end] dose at the site of toxic action increases the [blank_start]probability[blank_end] of adverse effect.
A persons cumulative dose [blank_start]increases[blank_end] with age, and a majority of increase happens in [blank_start]childhood[blank_end].- Achildhood
- Bincreases
- CIncreasing
- Dprobability
- Edose
14Threshold pollutants:
- AWill hurt you, but only at a certain amount
- BDo not build up and cause cancer
- CAre determined by a reference does (NOAEL)
- DAll of the above
15Drag n Drop
- AThreshold
- BNon-Threshold (Cancer Causing)
16the drawback to adding background is that you may be allowing for an increase in risk. Going above is based on science, not policy.
- ATrue
- BFalse
17What are the requirements to use toxic equivalency factors:
- AStructural Simularity
- BSame molecular weight
- CSimilar mode of toxic action
- DCan be added in response
- EMust bio-accumulate (Only for PCB's)
- FMust sound the same
18How do you find a reference does?
- AFind LOAEL and divide it by different factos
- BFind LD50 and divide it by different factors
- CFind NOAEL and divide it by a variety of factors
19How do you find a slope factor for non threshold pollutants?
- AFind slope of line from 0,0 to 10% increase in cancer and 95% confidence interval
- BFind slope of line from 0,0 to 5% increase in cancer and 50% confidence interval
- CFind slope of line from 0,0 to 20% increase in cancer and 75% confidence interval
20Why is non threshold analysis preffered?
- AThreshold is like saying you wont get sick because none of test subjects did, but really was just probability.
- BThreshold does not take into account background exposures
- CThreshold does not take into account individual sensitivity
21Long term risk assesments must take into account
- AChanges in landuse
- BChanges in culture
- CDegradation of Pollutants
- DAll of the above
22Hazard index is:
- AExposure concentration / Reference dose
- BReference Dose / Exposure concentration
23Soil Quality Guidelines : Site Specific Guidelines
- AAll possible routes : Justified elimination of routes
- BJustified elimination of routes : All possible routes
24Give the answers the the following hydrocarbon classes
F1 = [blank_start]Low[blank_end] Soluble [blank_start]Fairly[blank_end] Volatile C[blank_start]6[blank_end]-C[blank_start]10[blank_end]
F2 = [blank_start]Low[blank_end] Soluble [blank_start]Semi[blank_end] Volatile C[blank_start]11[blank_end]-C[blank_start]16[blank_end]
F3 = Very [blank_start]Low[blank_end] Soluble [blank_start]No[blank_end] Volatile C[blank_start]17[blank_end]-C[blank_start]34[blank_end]
F4 = [blank_start]No[blank_end] Soluble [blank_start]No[blank_end] Volatile C<[blank_start]34[blank_end]- A6
- B10
- C11
- D16
- E17
- F34
- G34
- HLow
- IFairly
- JLow
- KSemi
- LLow
- MNo
- NNo
- ONo
25What three site specific factors influence a tier one guideline:
- AVolume of Pollutant
- BLanduse
- CWeather
- DSoil Texture
- EGeography
- FExposure route
26Plants : Fish when exposed to Hydrocarbons
- ANon polar narcosis : Polar Narcosis, Growth/Mortality : Affects motor function
- BPolar narcosis : non polar Narcosis, Growth/Mortality : Affects motor function
- CPolar narcosis : non polar Narcosis, Affects motor function : Growth/Mortality
27Narcosis occurs at
- A2 mmol/kg
- B10 mm/kg
- C20 mm/kg
28What is the surrogate (Representative toxicological data) for the F3 fraction
- AXylene
- BEthybenzene
- CPyrene
29How are TEX compounds toxic to humans?
- AEffect metabolism
- BEffect the Cytochrome p450 system - which then prevents body from detoxing other compounds
- CEffects dopamine levels as it is a neurotoxicant
- DEffects motor function since it is a polar compound
30Bezo [a] pyrene : benzene (Both are METABOLICALLY ACTIVATED)
- AAffects whatever pathway since epoxide makes it very reactive (ie dermal = skin cancer) : Leaukemia and bone marrow cancer
- BLeaukemia and bone marrow cancer: Affects whatever pathway since epoxide makes it very reactive (ie dermal = skin cancer)
31There are 3 phases in a site investigation
Phase 1: Preliminary
[blank_start]Desk Study and Site visit[blank_end]
[blank_start]What was spilled and how much?[blank_end]
[blank_start]Evaluate nearby Risks[blank_end]
[blank_start]Complete when sampling strategy[blank_end] [blank_start]is determined[blank_end]
Phase 2: Exploratory
[blank_start]Complete sampling[blank_end]
[blank_start]Compare to Tier one guidelines[blank_end]
[blank_start]If Tier 1 guidelines good, then done.[blank_end] [blank_start]Else, move on[blank_end]
Phase 3: Main Investigation
[blank_start]Analyze background for other than[blank_end] [blank_start]pollutant (ie microbes, soil conditions,[blank_end] etc)
[blank_start]Make decisions on remediation[blank_end]- AMake decisions on remediation
- BAnalyze background for other than
- Cpollutant (ie microbes, soil conditions,
- DIf Tier 1 guidelines good, then done.
- EElse, move on
- FCompare to Tier one guidelines
- GComplete sampling
- HComplete when sampling strategy
- Iis determined
- JEvaluate nearby Risks
- KWhat was spilled and how much?
- LDesk Study and Site visit
32Decision units are based on:
- AAnswering a question
- BSpecific management concern
- CA reasonable remediation area
- DAll
33Vertical DU's should sample vadose, sample fringe, and sample groundwater
- ATrue
- BFalse
34PCB's are known for hot and cold spots
- ATrue
- BFalse
35Fill in the blanks for intra and inter sample variability:
Arsenic: Intra = [blank_start]1.5[blank_end] inter = [blank_start]1.4[blank_end] total variability = [blank_start]1.5[blank_end]*[blank_start]1.4[blank_end]=2.1
Lead: Intra = [blank_start]4.3[blank_end] inter = [blank_start]2.3[blank_end] total variability = [blank_start]4.3[blank_end]*[blank_start]2.3[blank_end]=10
PCB: Intra = [blank_start]17[blank_end] inter = [blank_start]11[blank_end] total variability = [blank_start]17[blank_end]*[blank_start]11[blank_end]=187- A1.5
- B1.4
- C1.4
- D1.5
- E4.3
- F2.3
- G2.3
- H4.3
- I17
- J11
- K17
- L11
36Give titles to the 3 stages of carcinogenisis:
1. [blank_start]Initiation[blank_end] - irreversible changes to the cells [blank_start]onconogenes[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Promotion[blank_end] - activate [blank_start]onconogenes[blank_end] and enhanced cell growth
3. [blank_start]Progression[blank_end] - further [blank_start]mutations[blank_end], moves around body- AInitiation
- BPromotion
- CProgression
- Donconogenes
- Eonconogenes
- Fmutations
371. Determine [blank_start]decision units[blank_end].
2. Using a systematic [blank_start]random[blank_end] sampling system, collect [blank_start]30[blank_end]-[blank_start]50[blank_end] soil samples.
3. Consistently [blank_start]sub[blank_end]-sample every soil sample from this [blank_start]decision[blank_end] unit to provide an [blank_start]analytical[blank_end] sample.
4. Repeat Step [blank_start]3[blank_end] at least two more times, insuring that all soils samples have an [blank_start]equal[blank_end] chance of being [blank_start]sub[blank_end]-sampled, i.e. you are allowed to repeated subsample a soil sample if that is what the random number generator says.
5. Insure that these [blank_start]analytical[blank_end] samples are then [blank_start]sub[blank_end]-sampled in the [blank_start]laboratory[blank_end] to minimize [blank_start]inter[blank_end]-sample variability.- Adecision units
- Brandom
- C30
- D50
- Esub
- Fanalytical
- Gdecision
- H3
- Iequal
- Jsub
- Kanalytical
- Lsub
- Mlaboratory
- Ninter
38Probabilistic sampling is good because the results are dependent on the sampler
- ATrue
- BFalse
39What is the percent exterior soil to house dust
- A25
- B50
- C75
40What tracers are used in tracer element methodology?
- AAluminum
- BCadmium
- CTitanium (Must be careful around paint)
- DSilicon
- EZinc
- FChromium
41What are dust ingestion rates?
- AChild = 240 mg/day, Adult = 81mg/day
- BChild = 100 mg/day Adult = 50mg/day
- CChild = 500 mg/day Adult = 200 mg/day
42Volatile compounds migrate from soil to buildings since the pressure in a building is less than atmospheric
- ATrue
- BFalse
43The subslab attenuation factor is:
- ASSAF = Soil Gas / Indoor Air
- BSSAF = Indoor Air / Soil Gas
44What is the USEPA default sub slab attenuation factor of 0.03 from?
- AHundreds of homes, and 95% confidence interval
- BHundreds of homes, median value
- CHundreds of homes, 95 percentile
45An alternative approach for SSAF is to measure the flux rates. Using this method:
- AHeating = 4L/Min, cooling = 2L/Min and SSAF = 0.003
- BHeating = 2L/Min, cooling = 4L/Min and SSAF = 0.003
- CHeating = 4L/Min, cooling = 2L/Min and SSAF = 0.03
- DHeating = 2L/Min, cooling = 4L/Min and SSAF = 0.03
46What are three methods to decrease vapour intrustion
- ABuild house on stilts
- BSub slab depressurize
- CSub slab pressurize
- DPressurize the building
- EDepressurize the building
- FVapour barriers - urethane sheets
47Check off the main human exposure pathways
- AIngestion of plant food
- BMeat and dairy intake
- CDomestic water use
- DContaminated site air
- EDust inhalation and ingestion
- FDermal Uptake
- GSoil Ingestion
48What is the order for estimating pollutant transfer via plant:
1. Compile [blank_start]biological concentration factors[blank_end] for major plants
2. Weight vegetables based on [blank_start]diet[blank_end]
3. Calculate mean
4. Multiple concentration by [blank_start]115[blank_end]kg/year/person- Abiological concentration factors
- Bdiet
- C115
49With respect to human and ecological toxicology, adjustments based on land use are - Human : Ecological
- AAdjust Activities : Adjust Landuse
- BAdjust Landuse : Adjust Activities
50When adjusting for human activity, you should assume everyone is a middle class white guy
- ATrue
- BFalse
51For meat contaminant exposure, you assume the meat fats act like octanol and that humans eat 300kg/year
- ATrue
- BFalse
52When determining dust concentrations, you can only calculate how much there is
- ATrue
- BFalse
53Dust volume for children is lower since they are shorter
- ATrue
- BFalse
54Tier 1: [blank_start]All organisms and pathways[blank_end]
Tier 2: [blank_start]Modify pathways and soil variables[blank_end]
Tier 3: [blank_start]Collect site specific data[blank_end]- ACollect site specific data
- BModify pathways and soil variables
- CAll organisms and pathways
55The following were measured for a Tier 2 guideline assessment. Indicate if the remediation number increases or decreases.
High soil moisture content = [blank_start]increase[blank_end]
Low carbon content = [blank_start]Decrease[blank_end]
Low hydraulic conductivity = [blank_start]increase[blank_end]
Close to receptors = [blank_start]Decrease[blank_end]
Deep contamination = [blank_start]increase[blank_end]- Aincrease
- BDecrease
- Cincrease
- DDecrease
- Eincrease
56What 2 functions does water play during risk assessment ?
- AServes as a contaminant Vector
- BIs a protection Target
- CIs used as a tracer
- DMonitors where the plume is headed
57Water is usually contaminated with metals, and sometimes hydrocarbons
- ATrue
- BFalse
58Groundwater Ecology
Groundwater ecosystem [blank_start]cleans[blank_end] and protects the water of [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end], excess [blank_start]nutrients[blank_end] and [blank_start]pollutants[blank_end] and is essential for [blank_start]life[blank_end]. [blank_start]70[blank_end]% of water from aquifers, humans use [blank_start]326[blank_end]L per day- Acleans
- Bpathogens
- Cnutrients
- Dpollutants
- Elife
- F70
- G326
59What are the three common measurement endpoints for groundwater risk assessment
1. Protection for our [blank_start]consumption[blank_end]
2. Protection for [blank_start]surface[blank_end] water
3. Protection of [blank_start]agriculture[blank_end] use
What are the 2 principle methods to determine if objectives have been met?
1. [blank_start]Sampling wells[blank_end] – accurate but no information about depth
2. [blank_start]Contaminant fate[blank_end] – high uncertainty if not done properly- Aconsumption
- Bsurface
- Cagriculture
- DSampling wells
- EContaminant fate
60The seven processes included in groundwater models.
1. [blank_start]Advection[blank_end] – movement of water in water
2. [blank_start]Diffusion[blank_end] – dispersal
3. [blank_start]Hydrodynamic[blank_end] – water flowing through soil
4. [blank_start]Adsorption/desorption[blank_end] – pollutants interact with soil
5. [blank_start]Evapotranspiration[blank_end] – evap of water through plants
6. [blank_start]Degradation[blank_end] – loss of pollutants over time- AAdvection
- BDiffusion
- CHydrodynamic
- DAdsorption/desorption
- EEvapotranspiration
- FDegradation
61What are the major sources of uncertainty with groundwater models?
- AChemistry
- BPreferential
- CScale
- DAll of the above
621. Group 1 – Little risk, strongly retained in soil
a. [blank_start]Ag[blank_end], [blank_start]Cr[blank_end], [blank_start]Sn[blank_end], [blank_start]Ti[blank_end], [blank_start]Y[blank_end], [blank_start]Zr[blank_end]
2. Group 2 – go to roots, pose risk to microbes
a. [blank_start]As[blank_end], [blank_start]Hg[blank_end], [blank_start]Pb[blank_end]
3. Group 3 – Toxic to plants, but plants die b4 reaches high concentration
a. [blank_start]B[blank_end], [blank_start]Cu[blank_end], [blank_start]Mn[blank_end], [blank_start]Zi[blank_end], [blank_start]Zn[blank_end]
4. Group 4 – Not phytoxic, but pose human and animal risk
a. [blank_start]Cd[blank_end], [blank_start]Co[blank_end], [blank_start]Se[blank_end]- ACd
- BCo
- CSe
- DB
- ECu
- FMn
- GZi
- HZn
- IAs
- JHg
- KPb
- LAg
- MCr
- NSn
- OTi
- PY
- QZr
63Low Kow : High Kow
- AGo to Xylem (Hydrophilic) : Sorb to roots (Hydrophobic)
- BSorb to roots (Hydrophobic) : go to Xylem (Hydrophilic)
64Plants are used to assess toxins by:
- AAs a signal - canary in a coal mine
- BAs an endpoint - transferred to humans
- CInteractions with microorganisms
- DInteractions with the pollutant
65How do copper and mercury damage plants
- AAffect nutrition
- BReactive oxygen species which cause stresses
- CDisrupt metabolic processes
66How do iron and zinc damage plants
- AAffects nutrition
- BReactive oxygen species which cause stresses
- CDisrupt metabolic processes
67How do lead and chromium affect plants
- AAffects nutrition
- BReactive oxygen species which cause stresses
- CDisrupt metabolic processes (ie photosynthesis)
68What can be the effect of high organic matter soils, manure, or heavily degraded soils in the CCME method for hydrocarbons
- AGives false negatives
- BGives false positives
- CGives good results
69A Kow from [blank_start]1[blank_end] to [blank_start]3.5[blank_end] get into the plant, which includes [blank_start]BTEX[blank_end].
- A1
- B3.5
- CBTEX
70What else can effect a soil ecosystem other than pollutants?
- AFood shortages
- BChanges in Soil parameters (pH)
- CSealing of soil
71Studying the natural [blank_start]vegetation[blank_end] around a site is important to determine if humans are at [blank_start]risk[blank_end], as well as determining what plants would be good for [blank_start]remediation[blank_end].
- Aremediation
- Bvegetation
- Crisk
72What is biochar good for?
- AProvide Nutrients
- BLock in metals
- CRetain moisture
- DRaise Ph
73You add lime to soil to:
- ARaise pH
- BLower pH
- CRelease metals
- DRetain metals
74What could be the benefits and challenges of using organic surface layers and local peats?
- APeat harvesting could disturb ecosystem
- BPeat could be of wrong composition, ph etc
- CThe peat could be polluted
- DCould have surface breaks through preferential flow
- EAll of the above
75Before SSD are created, the test data should be normalized to a [blank_start]1[blank_end] - [blank_start]1.4[blank_end] % clay, low [blank_start]0.4[blank_end] - [blank_start]0.9[blank_end] organic matter content, low [blank_start]1.8[blank_end] - [blank_start]9[blank_end] CEC and low [blank_start]3.3[blank_end] - [blank_start]4.4[blank_end] pH soil.
- A1
- B1.4
- C0.4
- D0.9
- E1.8
- F9
- G3.3
- H4.4
76What is Threshold'', or Th''
- AA absolute worst case scenario
- BA number we don't want to cross
- CA good site
77Drag the steps to constructing and SSD
1. [blank_start]Create EC 20 Curves[blank_end] [blank_start]for a number of organisms[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Get soil Parameters[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Normalize curves to site of interest[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Rank the organisms Based on sensitivity[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Interpolate - residential =[blank_end] [blank_start]25th percentile[blank_end], [blank_start]industrial = 50th percentile[blank_end]- Aindustrial = 50th percentile
- B25th percentile
- CInterpolate - residential =
- DRank the organisms Based on sensitivity
- ENormalize curves to site of interest
- FGet soil Parameters
- GCreate EC 20 Curves
- Hfor a number of organisms
78What are the downsides of the SSD approach:
- ANo insight into hazard
- BGives no information about effects
- CGives too much information about effects
79Forward SSD : Backward SSD
- APredicts what reasonable concentration would be : Predicts what effect will be at given concentration
- BPredicts what effect will be at given concentration : Predicts what reasonable concentration would be
80What are the four types of mixture toxicity
- AConcentration addition (Sum of i/EC50I + j/EC50j)
- BConcentration subtraction (Sum of i/EC50I - j/EC50j)
- CDose addition P(c) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A)P(B)
- DResponse addition P(c) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A)P(B)
- EComplex different action
- FDependent joint action
- GComplex similar action
81Most mixtures behave as concentration addition (70%) for three reasons.
1. [blank_start]Baseline[blank_end] toxicity is exerted at low levels that has a [blank_start]nonspecific[blank_end] toxic effect
2. The endpoints of all toxins usually affect [blank_start]mortality[blank_end] or [blank_start]reproduction[blank_end]
3. The [blank_start]funnel[blank_end] effect, which shows that as the [blank_start]size[blank_end] of the mixture [blank_start]increases[blank_end], toxicants appear to act in [blank_start]similar[blank_end] mode of action- Amortality
- Breproduction
- Cnonspecific
- DBaseline
- Efunnel
- Fsize
- Gincreases
- Hsimilar
82Natural attenuation is the reliance of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] process to achieve [blank_start]site[blank_end] specific remedial objectives which is [blank_start]reasonable[blank_end] compared to other methods with a [blank_start]time[blank_end] frame. It serves to reduce concentration before it goes to an exposure pathway.
- Anatural
- Bsite
- Creasonable
- Dtime
83Which are physical effects of natural attenuation
- ADispersion
- BDilution
- CVolatilization
- DSorption
- EBiodegradation
84Why don't you pump and treat oil and hydrocarbon systems?
- AToo hard to pump oil out of water
- B10,000 x's more oil in the soil then the water
85Denitrifiers only work in the anaerobic zone
- ATrue
- BFalse
86Why are we concerned with N2O
- AToxic to humans
- BMuch more potent greenhouse gas
87[blank_start]NO3[blank_end] --> [blank_start]NO2[blank_end] --> [blank_start]NO[blank_end] --> [blank_start]N2O[blank_end] --> [blank_start]N2[blank_end]
NAP NIR NER NOSZ- AN2
- BN2O
- CNO
- DNO2
- ENO3
88Why would you sparge the water with N2 gas when cleaning up nitrogen:
- AAdds nutrients
- BHelps create a favourable pH
- CRemoves oxygen, which helps the denitrification process
89What is sodium bromide used for?
- ANutrients
- BTracer
- CBalance salt concentration
90Drag and drop the order for a system that treats arsenic (Iron binds arsenic (Iron 3)
[blank_start]Sand[blank_end] --> Iron oxidation and arsenic reduction occurs
[blank_start]Iron Shavings[blank_end] --> Arsenic binds to iron
[blank_start]Sand[blank_end]
Outlet to second bucket
[blank_start]Sand[blank_end]
[blank_start]River Charcoal[blank_end] --> removes other pollutants
[blank_start]Fine river sand[blank_end]
Outlet to people- ASand
- BIron Shavings
- CSand 2
- DSand 3
- ERiver Charcoal
- FFine river sand
91What happens to chromium when the pH is lowered
- ABecomes less mobile (Opposite to iron)
- BBecomes more mobile (Same as iron)
92In general, lowering the pH will:
- Amobilize cations, immobilize anions
- Bmobilize anions, immobilize cations
93Variability and error : Incertitude
- ACan be reduced with further sampling : Can only be reduced with knowledge, not effort
- BCan only be reduced with knowledge, not effort : Can be reduced with further sampling
94What do you do if you cannot find a reference site?
- AYou can always find one
- BYou take maximum amount you can ingest and at 20% = Th''
95Select the electron acceptors
- AO2
- BHydrocarbons
- CNO3
- DFE3
- EMnIV
- FSugar
- GOrganic Pollutants
- HSulfate
- IMethane and CO2
- JAlcohol
96Which of the following are electron donors
- AHydrocarbons
- BSugars
- COrganic Pollutants
- DAlcohols
- EAll
97What would you add to a nitrate plume?
- AOxygen
- BSulfate or CO2
- CSugar or alcohol
98Where should you add an injection system?
- AUpstream of plume - follow it down
- BDownstream of plume - catch it so it doesn't go further
- CWherever the spill was - chase it through preferential flow
99How many parts nitrogen for 100 parts hydrocarbon
- A9
- B3
- C1
100What should you stay below when injecting phosphorous?
- A1 mmol - Don't want P to plug soil by crystalizing
- B10 mmol - Don't want P to plug soil by crystalizing
- C100 mmol - Don't want P to plug soil by crystalizing
101In a pump in treat, what would you stimulate : Sulfate reducing : oxygen reducing
- ASulfate : Oxygen
- BOxygen : Sulfate
102Surfactants make hydrocarbons mix better with water
- ATrue
- BFalse
103When would in situ remediation (pumping in stuff) not be appropriate
- AA lot of Clay
- BA lot of sand
- CWhen it's hard to excavate
104Pesticides are not very persistance
- ATrue
- BFalse
105Air intake rates are
[blank_start]9.3[blank_end] m^3/day toddler
[blank_start]14.5[blank_end] m^3/day child
[blank_start]15.8[blank_end] m^3/day adult- A9.3
- B14.5
- C15.8
106Soil ingestion rates are:
[blank_start]80[blank_end] mg/day Toddler
[blank_start]20[blank_end] mg/day adult
Dust ingestion is [blank_start]3[blank_end] x's more (approximately) than soil ingestion.- A80
- B20
- C3
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- ALL TESTS Quiz on EVSC 421, created by B M on 14/12/2015.
- Author
- B M
- Language
- English
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