Quiz
pathogenicity
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Questions in this quiz (48)
1flora of human skin can be [blank_start]transient[blank_end] (influenced by hygiene) or [blank_start]residents[blank_end] (stable, predictable)
- Atransient
- Bresidents
2capable of causing disease in healthy persons with normal immune defenses: [blank_start]true[blank_end] [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end]. example: [blank_start]influenza[blank_end] virus, [blank_start]plague[blank_end] bacillus, [blank_start]malarial[blank_end] protozoan
- Atrue
- Bpathogens
- Cinfluenza
- Dplague
- Emalarial
3cause disease only when host's defenses are compromised or when they grow in a part of body not normal to them: [blank_start]opportunistic[blank_end] [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end]
- Aopportunistic
- Bpathogens
4[blank_start]virulence[blank_end] is the severity of a pathogen and [blank_start]virulence[blank_end] [blank_start]factors[blank_end] are factors of microbe to cause a disease
- Avirulence
- Bvirulence
- Cfactors
5[blank_start]portals[blank_end] of [blank_start]entry[blank_end] or the route a pathogen takes to enter the host are the [blank_start]mucous[blank_end] [blank_start]membranes[blank_end], [blank_start]skin[blank_end], or open wounds & breaks in the skin known as the [blank_start]parenteral[blank_end] [blank_start]route[blank_end]
- Aportals
- Bentry
- Cmucous
- Dmembranes
- Eskin
- Fparenteral
- Groute
6the requirement for an [blank_start]infectious[blank_end] [blank_start]dose[blank_end] is the minimum number of microbes required for infection to proceed. microbes with smaller IDs have [blank_start]greater[blank_end] [blank_start]virulence[blank_end]. [blank_start]lack[blank_end] of [blank_start]ID[blank_end] will not result in infection.
- Ainfectious
- Bdose
- Cgreater
- Dvirulence
- Elack
- FID
7[blank_start]antiphagocytic[blank_end] factors help microbes survive host defenses: [blank_start]leukocidins[blank_end] are toxic to WBCs, protection using [blank_start]slime[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end] or [blank_start]capsule[blank_end], and ability to survive [blank_start]intracellular[blank_end] [blank_start]phagocytosis[blank_end]
- Aantiphagocytic
- Bleukocidins
- Cslime
- Dlayer
- Ecapsule
- Fintracellular
- Gphagocytosis
8proteins that dissolve barriers and penetrate cells [blank_start]exoenzymes[blank_end]
- Aexoenzymes
9[blank_start]exotoxins[blank_end] are secreted by living pathogen into tissue, have a strong specificity for target cell, created mainly by gram [blank_start]positives[blank_end] like [blank_start]staph[blank_end] and [blank_start]clostridium[blank_end]. example of gram [blank_start]neg[blank_end]: [blank_start]cholera[blank_end] toxin
- Aexotoxins
- Bpositives
- Cstaph
- Dclostridium
- Eneg
- Fcholera
10[blank_start]endotoxins[blank_end] are released after cell is [blank_start]damaged[blank_end], composed of [blank_start]lipopolysaccharide[blank_end] from outer membrane of gram [blank_start]negative[blank_end] [blank_start]cell[blank_end] [blank_start]wall[blank_end]
- Aendotoxins
- Bdamaged
- Clipopolysaccharide
- Dnegative
- Ecell
- Fwall
11time of initial contact to first symptom, when agent is multiplying but little damage and no symptoms appear: [blank_start]incubation[blank_end] period
- Aincubation
12vague feelings of discomfort: [blank_start]prodromal[blank_end] stage
- Aprodromal
13agent multiplies at high levels and more specific signs and symptoms appear: [blank_start]period[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]invasion[blank_end]
- Aperiod
- Bof
- Cinvasion
14responding to the infection, symptoms decline: [blank_start]convalescent[blank_end] period
- Aconvalescent
15[blank_start]local[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]: microbe enters body and remains confined to a specific tissue ex: boils, warts, fungal skin infections
- Alocal
- Binfection
16[blank_start]focal[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]: infectious agents break loose from [blank_start]local[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end] and is seeded or disseminated into other tissues ex: sinus infection, tooth abcess
- Afocal
- Binfection
- Clocal
- Dinfection
17[blank_start]systemic[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]: infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream ex: typhus, measles, syphilis
- Asystemic
- Binfection
18microbe multiplying in blood, present in large numbers: [blank_start]septicemia[blank_end]
- Asepticemia
19small numbers of bacteria present in blood not necessarily multiplying: [blank_start]bacteremia[blank_end]
- Abacteremia
20small number of viruses present in blood, not necessarily multiplying: [blank_start]viremia[blank_end]
- Aviremia
21patient is weakened by a [blank_start]primary[blank_end] infection like the flu and another infection may take hold like [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end] ([blank_start]secondary[blank_end] infection)
- Aprimary
- Bpneumonia
- Csecondary
22comes on rapidly with severe but short lived effects ex, flu: [blank_start]acute[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]
- Aacute
- Binfection
23progresses and persists over a long period of time ex, Hansen's disease: [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]
- Achronic
- Binfection
24subclinical, host infected but shows few signs of disease ex: "walking" pneumonia, [blank_start]asymptomatic[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]
- Aasymptomatic
- Binfection
25apparent recovery of host does not always mean microbe is gone, it can hide and become active & produce recurring disease: [blank_start]latency[blank_end]
- Alatency
26primary habitat of pathogen in natural world
human or animal carrier
soil, water, plants
[blank_start]reservoir[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]infection[blank_end]- Areservoir
- Bof
- Cinfection
27individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired: [blank_start]source[blank_end]
- Asource
28animals are reservoirs, infection indigenous to animals and naturally transmissible to humans
ex: lyme disease
[blank_start]zoonosis[blank_end]- Azoonosis
29physical contact or through fine aerosol droplets
through bite, saliva, scratch of infected animal
[blank_start]direct[blank_end] [blank_start]transmission[blank_end]- Adirect
- Btransmission
30passes from infected host to intermediate conveyer then to another host: [blank_start]indirect[blank_end] [blank_start]transmission[blank_end]
- Aindirect
- Btransmission
31actively participates in pathogens life cycle and transmits infection: [blank_start]biological[blank_end] [blank_start]vector[blank_end]
- Abiological
- Bvector
32transmits microbe without being infected, not part of life cycle of pathogen: [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] [blank_start]vector[blank_end]
- Amechanical
- Bvector
33[blank_start]vehicle[blank_end]: any inanimate shared reservoir commonly used by humans that can transmit infection
ex: food, water, air, fomites, blood- Avehicle
34[blank_start]communicable[blank_end] = infected host can transmit to another host
[blank_start]highly[blank_end] [blank_start]communicable[blank_end] = contagious- Acommunicable
- Bhighly
- Ccommunicable
35universal [blank_start]blood[blank_end] & [blank_start]body[blank_end] [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] [blank_start]precuations[blank_end]: stringent, assume all patient specimens could harbor infectious agents and handle with same degree of care, body substance isolation techniques in known cases of infection
- Ablood
- Bbody
- Cfluid
- Dprecuations
36gowns & gloves worn by all persons with direct contact
masks not required
special precautions for disposing urine & feces
prevent spread of diarrheal diseases
[blank_start]enteric[blank_end] [blank_start]precautions[blank_end]- Aenteric
- Bprecautions
37private room with closed door
gowns & gloves not required
masks usually indicated
items contaminated with secretions disinfected
prevent spread of TB, measles, mumps, rubella, meningitis etc.
[blank_start]respiratory[blank_end] [blank_start]precautions[blank_end]- Arespiratory
- Bprecautions
38gowns & gloves required
masks not needed
special precautions for contaminated instruments and dressings
prevent spread of staph & strep infections, gas gangrene, herpes zoster, etc
[blank_start]drainage[blank_end] and [blank_start]secretion[blank_end] [blank_start]precautions[blank_end]- Adrainage
- Bsecretion
- Cprecautions
39private room with closed door
gowns, masks, gloves
contaminated items wrapped and decontaminated
for highly virulent or contagious microbes
[blank_start]strict[blank_end] [blank_start]isolation[blank_end]- Astrict
- Bisolation
40same guidelines as strict, plus room ventilated with filter to remove airborne pathogens
infected persons barred
protect severely immunocompromised patients: cancer therapy, surgery, genetic defects, AIDS, burns, prematurity
[blank_start]reverse[blank_end] [blank_start]isolation[blank_end]- Areverse
- Bisolation
41total # of existing cases with respect to entire population: [blank_start]prevalence[blank_end]
- Aprevalence
42measures # of new cases over certain time as compared with general healthy population: [blank_start]incidence[blank_end]
- Aincidence
43[blank_start]mortality[blank_end] [blank_start]rate[blank_end]: total # of deaths in population due to certain disease
- Amortality
- Brate
44[blank_start]morbidity[blank_end] [blank_start]rate[blank_end]: # of people afflicted with certain disease
- Amorbidity
- Brate
45[blank_start]endemic[blank_end]: steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic area
- Aendemic
46[blank_start]sporadic[blank_end]: occasional cases at irregular intervals
- Asporadic
47[blank_start]epidemic[blank_end]: when prevalence of disease is increasing beyond what is expected
- Aepidemic
48[blank_start]pandemic[blank_end]: epidemic across continents
- Apandemic
Information
- Description
- Quiz on pathogenicity, created by Meagan Mueller on 22/12/2016.
- Author
- Meagan Mueller
- Language
- English
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