10375007
Description
Quiz by Michael Jardine, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michael Jardine
over 6 years ago
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Question 1
Question
The 9 stages of metastasis are:
1 - Primary tumour formation;
2 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
3 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
4 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
5 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
6 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
7 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
8 - [blank_start]____________________[blank_end];
9 - Clinically detectable macroscopic metastases.
Answer
-
Local invasion
-
Intravasation
-
Survival in the circulation
-
Arrest at a distant organ site
-
Extravasation
-
Micrometastasis formation
-
Metastatic colonisation
Question 2
Question
Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of BREAST CARCINOMA is generally
Answer
-
Years to decades
-
Months
Question 3
Question
Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of COLORECTAL CARCINOMA is generally
Answer
-
Years to decades
-
Months
Question 4
Question
Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA is generally
Answer
-
Months
-
Years to decades
Question 5
Question
Does stiffening of the ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM) promote or inhibit tumourigenesis?
Answer
-
Promote
-
Inhibit
Question 6
Question
True or false:
MMPs (Matrix MetalloProteinases) play a role in Intravasation.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 7
Question
Angiopoietin-like 4 ("ANGPTL4") is involved in:
Answer
-
Extravasation
-
Intravasation
-
Both of the above
-
[none of the above]
Question 8
Question
The "Cell-of-Origin" model of metastasis progresses as follows:
Answer
-
Normal epithelial cell (already has activated metastasis virulence genes due to its normal cellular differentiation program) > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding
-
Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
Question 9
Question
The "Partial-Competence" model of metastasis progresses as follows:
Answer
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding
-
Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
Question 10
Question
The "Stochastic" model of metastasis progresses as follows:
Answer
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding
-
Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
Question 11
Question
The "Tumour Self-seeding" model of metastasis progresses as follows:
Answer
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding
-
Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
Question 12
Question
The "Parallel Progression" model of metastasis progresses as follows:
Answer
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation
-
Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding
-
Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation
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