Quiz
Week 1 patho tri 2
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Questions in this quiz (35)
1
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:- Apersistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.
- Bbradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.
- Cbrief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.
- Dflushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.
2A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:
- AAspirin
- BIbuprofen
- CHeparin
- Dstreptokinase
3
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?- AAngina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.
- BPain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.
- CAngina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.
- DBoth angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.
4
The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:- Atotal obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.
- Birregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.
- Ctemporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery.
- Dcardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.
5The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:
- Aa disruption of the heart conduction system.
- Ban imbalance in calcium ions.
- Can infection of the heart muscle.
- Datherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus.
6
A general term for all types of arterial changes, but most often applied to loss of elasticity of arteries and arterioles, is:- AAtherosclerosis
- BOsteoporosis
- CArteriosclerosis
- DVascular stenosis
7
Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:- AEssential
- BTertiary
- CAngina
- DSecondary
8A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:
- Aexcluding saturated fats from the diet.
- Bleading a sedentary lifestyle.
- Cbeing female and older than 40 years of age.
- Dfamilial hypercholesterolemia.
9A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He could be treated with a drug that acts by which of the following mechanisms?
- Acalcium channel agonist
- Bangiotensin ll agonist
- Cdiuretic
- Dbeta-adrenergic agonist
10
Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:- APregnancy, vitamin deficiencies, and mitral valve defects
- BDiet, exercise, and obesity
- CVein valve damage, wearing tight clothing, and crossing legs
- DTrauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods, and liver failure
11
A stationary blood clot within an artery is a:- AStroke
- BEmbolus
- CThrombus
- DMyocardial infarction
12
Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?- AA 51-year-old male who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis
- BAn African American man who leads a sedentary lifestyle
- CA 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats
- DA 69-year-old woman who is an executive in a large corporation
13
Adverse effects such as an unproductive cough sometimes occur with which category of medicine frequently used for treatment of hypertension?- ADiuretics
- BACE inhibitors.
- CCalcium channel blockers
- Dβ-blockers
14
A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:- AVenous stenosis
- BPhlebothrombosis
- CFibrothrombosis
- DThrombophlebitis
15
Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:- Areducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.
- Bdecreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias
- Creducing the risk of blood clotting.
- Ddecreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.
16
Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:- Aengaging in an angry argument.
- Brunning up stairs on a hot day
- Ctaking a nap.
- Deating a large meal.
17Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?
- AA 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable.
- BAn 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.
- CA 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable.
- DA 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.
18
The most common cause of myocardial ischaemia is:- Avenous emboli
- Bidiopathic vasospasm
- Catherosclerosis
- Darterial emboli from heart valve vegetation
19A 75-year-old male presents with severe chest pain. Lab tests in hospital reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase and troponins. These elevated levels indicate probable:
- AUnstable angina
- BMyocardial infarction
- CHypertension
- DStable angina
20
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:- Abrief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.
- Bbradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.
- Cflushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.
- Dpersistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.
21The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:
- Aarterial emboli from heart valve vegetation
- Bvenous emboli
- CIdiopathic vasospasm
- Datherosclerosis
22A coronary artery disease that occurs when the blood flow to the myocardial cells is interrupted for a period of time, followed by necrosis, is referred to as:
- ADysrhythmias
- Batherosclerosis
- CMyocardial infarction
- Dangina pectoris
23Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided when a person has pre-existing respiratory condition like asthma?
- AB-blockers
- BDiuretics
- CACE inhibitors
- DCalcium channel antagonists
24Which of the following types of drugs is not typically used to treat hypertension?
- Anitrates
- Bthiazide diuretics
- CACE inhibitors
- DCalcium channel blockers
25Hypertension can be classified into the following three major categories:
- ASubacute, acute and chronic
- Bessential, secondary and malignant
- CActive, passive, fatal
- Dprimary, secondary and tertiary
26Which vessel/s is/are particularly prone to an aneurysm?
- AAorta
- BSmall peripheral arteries of the legs
- Cinferior vena cava
- Dsuperior vena cava
27A 55-yr old male died of myocardial infarction. autopsy would most likely reveal:
- APlatelet aggregation with an atherosclerotic coronary artery.
- BDecreased ventricular diastolic filling time
- CSmooth muscle dysplasia in the coronary artery
- DEmbolism of plaque from the aorta
28What condition refers to thrombotic events associated with venous wall inflammation, and occurs in any part of the body
- AThrombophlebitis
- BDeep Vein Thrombosis
- CPhlebothrombosis
- DVaricose veins
29A 60 year old female had a myocardial infarction. she was brought to hospital 30 minutes later, she survived but now has impaired ventricular function because:
- Athere was too much stress on the heart
- BThere was a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance
- Cthe cells became hypertrophic
- DThe resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death
30The build-up of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries is:
- AIschaemic heart disease
- BAtherosclerosis
- CHypertension
- DPeripheral vascular disease
31A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:
- Afibrothrombosis
- Bthrombophlebitis
- CPhlebothrombosis
- DVenous stenosis
32Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:
- ADecrease serum lipid levels
- BIncrease serum HDL levels
- CPromotes platelet adhesion
- DReduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance
33Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:
- APregnancy, vitamin deficiencies and mitral valve defects
- BDiet, exercise and obesity
- CTrauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods and liver failure
- Dvein valve damage, wearing tight clothing and crossing legs
34 High levels of which of the following lipoproteins can be beneficial?
- AHDL
- BIDL
- CLDL
- DVLDL
35Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):
- Aare associated with low intake of saturated fats.
- Bpromote atheroma development.
- Ctransport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.
- Dcontain only small amounts of cholesterol.
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- Author
- Mitch Thornell
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