Quiz
Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4)
Questions in this quiz (46)
1The EBM triad consists of which of the below?
- ALatest External Evidence
- BIndividual Clinical Expertise
- CFamily Values & Expectations
- DPatient Values & Expectations
- EBest External Evidence
2In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the MOST bias?
- ALevel 1
- BLevel 4
- CLevel 2
- DLevel 3
3In relation to Types of Evidence and Clinical trials. Which of the below would be the LEAST bias?
- ALevel 4
- BLevel 2
- CLevel 1
- DLevel 3
4A systematic review of Level 2 studies would be classified as which Level of Evidence?
- ALevel 3
- BLevel 1
- CLevel 2
5An Inception Cohort, Prospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study among consecutive presenting patients is considered which level of evidence?
- ALevel 1
- BLevel 3
- CLevel 4
- DLevel 2
6A cross sectional study among non-consectutive patients is considered which level of Evidence?
- ALevel 4
- BLevel 3
- CLevel 2
- DLevel 1
7Which of the following relate to the acronym P.I.C.O?
- AIntervention
- BComparator/Control
- CPatient and Clinical Problem
- DOutcome
- EPopulation and Clinical Problem
- FComplications
8Clinical trials are experiments in Humans as well as animals.
- ATrue
- BFalse
9What is Bioavailability?
- AIt is the fraction of dose which reaches the
systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug - BThe extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
- CIt is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in the Body/Plasma Drug Concentration)
- AIt is the fraction of dose which reaches the
10What is 1st Pass Metabolism?
- AIt is the fraction of dose which reaches the
systemic circulation (i.e. plasma) as intact drug - BThe extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
- CIt is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in
body at equilibrium.
- AIt is the fraction of dose which reaches the
11What is Volume of Distribution?
- AThe extent to which a drug is removed by the gut and liver during its first passage from the portal vein through the liver to the systemic circulation
- BIt is the apparent volume into which a drug distributes in body at equilibrium (Amount in Body/Plamsa Drug Concentration)
- CRefers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.
12Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the pancreas to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the pancreas.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13Enterohepatic Circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver.
- ATrue
- BFalse
14In relation to Plasma Binding Protein. Which of the following best describe the concept?
- AOnce all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug the protein can bind to a receptor causing the drug to be available for action.
- BOnce all the binding sites of the plasma proteins are taken up by the drug, any further drug in the plasma will be able to bind to a receptor.
- COnly once all the plasma protein binding sites are occupied by the drug can the drug be metabolised.
15What effects the Half-Life of a drug? (First-Order Kinetics)
- AMetabolism
- BHydration
- CRenal Excretion
- DBody mass
16What patient condition would merit a reduction in a drug?
- AAge
- BLiver Function
- CBody Mass
- DAlternative drug which competes for transporters
- EAnother drug with induces enzymes that metabolise the drug
17To calculate the dose and dosing frequency correctly we use the half-life of the drug.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18What concept is associated with 'What the body does to the drug?'
- APhamacokinetics
- BPharmacodynamics
19The concept of 'What the body does to the drug ' is usually called?
- APharmacodynamics
- BPharmacokinetics
20What is meant by 'Affinity'?
- AThe ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors
- BIt is the indication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule
21What is meant by 'Efficacy'?
- AThe ability of a drug to produce an effect mediated by receptors
- BIndication of the strength of the binding between drug and target molecule
22A non-competitive and competitive antagonist results in a?
- AIncreased Response
- BDecreased Response
- CNo response
- DNormal Response
23A non-selective drug is an example of?
- AOlder Drugs, which typically effect more broadly
- BDesigned drugs, which effect less and more specific sites
24What is meant by EC50?
- AThe concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the effect
- BThe concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the maximal effect
- CThe concentration necessary to produce 50 % of the minimal effect
25What occurs if the drug concentration is above the Therapeutic window?
- AIncrease risk of side effects
- BThis is normal when attempting to deal with a acute pathology
- CReduced effectiveness of the drug
26What occurs if the drug concentration is below the Therapeutic window?
- AReduced effectiveness of the drug
- BIncreased risk of side effects
27Which of the following Drugs would be the most Potent?
- AEC50 = 2
- BEC50 = 50
- CEC50 = 6
28Which relate to evidence that a drug is stored in tissue?
- AAn increase in the number of side effects produced by the drug
- BA decrease in the amount of free drug excreted in urine
- CAn increase in plasma protein binding
- DA large Volume of Distribution (Vd)
29The intensity of the pharmacologic action of a drug is most dependant on the?
- AElimination half-life (t1/2) of the drug
- BMinimum toxic concentration (MTC) of the drug in plasma
- CConcentration of the drug at the receptor site
- DOnset time of the drug after oral administration
- EMinimum effective concentration (MEC) of the drug in the body
30The initial distribution of a drug into tissue is determined chiefly by the...
- AStomach emptying time
- BRate of blood flow to the tissue
- CPlasma protein binding of the drug
- DGlomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- EAffinity of the drug for the tissue
31The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead.
Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the change in bioavailability of the drug?- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CSame - There is no change in the dosage amount
32The bioavailability of oral morphine is 30% and you decided to switch a patient to IV instead. However, you notice that they have liver disease.
Would you INCREASE or DECREASE the dose based on the fact the patient has liver disease?- AIncrease
- BDecrease
- CSame - No change in the dose
33Clearance determines
- AThe time to reach steady state
- BThe loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
- CThe maintenance dose required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
- DThe dosage interval
- EBOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval
34Volume of distribution determines
- AThe time to reach steady state
- BThe loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
- CThe maintenance dose required to achieve the desired stead-state concentration
- DThe dosage interval
- EBOTH The time to reach steady state & The dosage interval
35Half-Life determines
- AThe time to reach steady state
- BThe loading does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
- CThe maintenance does required to achieve the desired steady-state concentration
- Dthe dosage interval
- EBOTH The time to reach steady state & the dosage interval
36Clearance is
- ADependant on the value of volume of distribution
- BDependant on the value of half-life
- Ca function of the blood flow to clearing organ and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug
- Da function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
- EBOTH Dependant on the value of volume of distribution & Dependant on the value of half-life
37The volume of distribution is
- ADependant on the value of the clearance
- BDependant on the value of half-life
- Ca function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organ in extracting the drug
- Da function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
- EBOTH Dependant on the value of the clearance & Dependant on the value of half-life
38The half-life is
- Adependant on the value of volume of distribution
- Bdependant on the value of clearance
- Ca function of the blood flow to clearing organs and the efficiency of the organs to extract the drug
- Da function of the physiologic volume of blood and tissues and how the drug binds in blood and tissues
- EBOTH dependant on the value of volume of distribution & dependant on the value of clearance
39Pharmacokinetic models are useful to
- Adescribe concentration-time data sets
- Bpredict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration
- Ccalculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)
- DBOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life)
- EBOTH describe concentration-time data sets & calculate pharmacokinetic constants (Clearance, Volume of distribution, half-life) AS WELL AS predict drug serum concentrations after several doses or after different routes of administration
40Factors to be considered when prescribing the best drug dose of a patient include
- AAge
- BGender
- CWeight
- Dother concurrent disease states and drug therapies
- EAll of the above
41The Volume of distribution (Vd) of every drug equals the
- ABlood Volume
- BExtracellular water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug
- CThe drug amount in the body divided by the drug plasma concentration
- DThe amount of the drug in the body divided by the extracellular volume
- ETotal body volume minus the volume of bone
- FTotal body water volume divided by the plasma concentration of the drug
42A 28 yr old man is being treated for AIDS with several oral drugs. He experiences significant weight loss due to AIDS-related wasting syndrome and diarrhoea. Which of the following pharmacokinetic parameters would be unchanged by the alterations in the patients body mass and composition?
- AAbsorbtion
- BBioavailability
- CFirst-Pass metabolism
- DSteady-state plasma concentration
- EVolume of Distribution
43Which of the following factors will determine the number of drug-receptor complexes formed?
- AEfficacy of the drug
- BReceptor affinity for the drug
- CTherapeutic index of the drug
- DHalf-Life of the drug
- ERate of renal secretion
44Which of the following best describes an antagonist?
- ABinds to a receptor and causes the activation of intracellular cascades
- BBinds to a receptor and mimics the effects of neurotransmitters
- CBinds to a receptor without activating intracellular cascades
- DBinds to receptors causing the opposite effects on second messenger production than an agonist
- EBinds to receptors usually in a site distinct from agonist
45Which statement best describes a partial agonist?
- AA partial agonist irreversibly binds to receptors
- BThe effects of a partial agonist cannot be overcome by increasing agonist concentration
- CA partial agonist binds to and does not effect the protein conformation of the receptor
- DA partial agonist has less maximal effect than a full agonist
- EA partial agonist will not antagonise the effects of a full agonist
46Drug A and Drug B bind to the same receptor (Z). Drug A has a higher affinity for receptor Z than Drug B.
Which statement below is correct regarding these drugs?- AA higher concentration of drug A is required to occupy half the receptors than concentration of drug B.
- BUnder no condition can drug B produce the same maximal effect as drug A
- CUnder no condition can drug A produce the same maximal effect as drug B
- DThe equilibrium disassociation constant (Kd) is lower for drug A than drug B
- EDrug B is more potent than Drug A
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- 2nd Year Pharmacy Practice Exams Quiz on Pharmacology for Podiatrists Mid Semester Prac Exam (Weeks 1-4), created by Pat McMahon on 19/03/2019.
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- Pat McMahon
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