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Patho Quiz 1
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Questions in this quiz (50)
1An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a
- AKaryotype
- Bno
2A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain with exertion. He was previously diagnosed with arteriosclerosis (narrowing and blockage of the vessels). The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to
- AIschemia (inadequate blood supply to organ)
- Bno
3Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:
- Acalcium.
- Bmagnesium.
- Csodium.
- Dpotassium.
- Acalcium.
4How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
- ABy diffusion
- BBy coupled channels
- CBy passive electrolyte channels
- DBy active transport requiring ATP
5The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following?
- AIt increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid thereby killing mutants.
- BIt increases blood supply thereby increasing oxygen to the colon.
- CIt increases fluid loss leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon.
- DIt increases gut motility thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.
6Which of the following compounds has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with smoking?
- AHypnotics
- BAntihistamines
- CSteroids
- DAlcohol
7When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)
- ACarcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence.
Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures. - BCarcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment.
Carcinomas are mesodermal.
Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.
- ACarcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence.
8An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. How should the nurse respond? A deficiency in ________ can cause impaired muscle contraction.
- AAMP
- BGMP
- CGTP
- DATP
9The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?
- ADiffusion
- BOsmosis
- CActive Transport
- DHydrostatic Pressure
10A patient receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells? Cells will:
- ADivide
- BBecome hydrated
- CSwell or burst
- DShrink
11What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
- APotassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
- BSodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
- CPotassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
- DSodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
12The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
- APaternal nondisjunction
- BPaternal translocations
- CMaternal nondisjunction
- DMaternal translocations
13An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
- AExpressivity
- BDominance
- CRecessiveness
- DPenetrance
14A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child’s mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?
- ABb
- BBB
15A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is the biologist describing?
- ATranscription
- BTranslation
- CTranslocation
- DTermination
16 When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AThe gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. - BThe trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
The trait never skips generations.
- AThe gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females.
17A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:
- AVacuolation
- BLipid acceptor proteins
- CIncreased metabolic state
- DFree radical formation
- AVacuolation
18A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:
- ASodium
- BPotassium
- CCalcium
- DMagnesium
19A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:
- AHyperplasia
- BDysplasia
- CAnaplasia
- DMetaplasia
20A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:
- AGeneralized edema
- BIncreased serum potassium
- CIncreased plasma osmolality
- DDecreased renal blood flow
21Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:
- AIncreased serum potassium levels
- BDecreased plasma osmolality
- CLocalized edema
- DIncreased blood volume
- AIncreased serum potassium levels
22Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:
- AVomiting
- BDehydration
- CHypoaldosteronism
- DDiuretic use
23For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
- AHyperventilating
- BExcreting H+ through the kidneys
- CRetaining CO2 in the lungs
- DSecreting aldosterone
- AHyperventilating
24A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:
- AMetabolic acidosis
- BRespiratory acidosis
- CRespiratory alkalosis
- DMetabolic alkalosis
- AMetabolic acidosis
25Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:
- AOsmotic forces
- BAntidiuretic hormone
- CPlasma oncotic pressure
- DBuffer systems
- AOsmotic forces
26When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.
- ASodium
- BPotassium
- CBicarbonate
- DChloride
27The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
- AMacrophage
- BNeutrophil
- CEosinophil
- DLymphocyte
28A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes Advil for relief. A nurse recalls Advil relieves the headache by:
- ADecreasing prostaglandin production
- BIncreasing platelet-activating factor
- CIncreasing histamine release
- DDecreasing leukotriene production
- ADecreasing prostaglandin production
29The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (Select all that apply.)
- AHeat
Redness
Swelling
Pain - BFever
- AHeat
30A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:
- AToxoids
- BIgM
- CIgE
- DIgA
31Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:
- AHas T cells that become B cells
- BReceives immunoglobulin
- CHas natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
- DReceives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
- AHas T cells that become B cells
32When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive?
- AActive
- BPassive
- CInnate
- DCell-mediated
33When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:
- AAlloimmunity
- BHomoimmunity
- CAlleimmunity
- DAutoimmunity
34When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body.
- AB only
- BA only
- CO
- DA and B
35A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type-transfusion type matches would cause this?
- AA-AB
- BA-A
- CB-O
- DAB-O
36After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:
- AContain no DNA or RNA
- BReplicate their genetic material inside host cells
- CAre easily killed by antimicrobials
- DAre capable of independent reproduction
- AContain no DNA or RNA
37What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?
- AAutoantibody production
- BHypersensitivity
- CAnemia
- DRecurrent infections
- AAutoantibody production
38A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:
- AAutoimmunity
- BTissue-specific hypersensitivity
- CAnaphylaxis
- DImmunodeficiency
- AAutoimmunity
39A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
- ARubella virus
- BHepatitis B virus
- CHuman papillomavirus (HPV)
- DHerpes virus
- ARubella virus
40A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?
- ALeukemia
- BGastric cancer
- CAdenocarcinoma of the colon
- DLung cancer
- ALeukemia
41Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?
- AHas a high mitotic index
- BGrows slowly
- CIs well-differentiated
- DHas a well-defined capsule
- AHas a high mitotic index
42 A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:
- A1
- B4
- C3
- D2
43Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:
- ARelease of growth factors
- BTumor regression
- CApoptosis
- DNew blood vessel growth
- ARelease of growth factors
44In response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will:
- Adecrease in length.
- Bincrease in number.
- Cincrease in excitability.
- Dincrease in size.
- Adecrease in length.
45Effects of elevated -endorphins include:
- Ahyperglycemia.
- Bpain inhibition.
- Cperipheral vasoconstriction.
- Ddecreased immune cell activity.
- Ahyperglycemia.
46A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
- AOxidative phosphorylation
- BAnaerobic glycolysis
- CAerobic glycolysis
- DElectron-transport chain
- AOxidative phosphorylation
47An epidemiological study reveals that a large population of people carry the same genetic mutation but only 75% of the people with that mutation express the disease. This finding can be described as which of the following?
- AHidden phenotype
- BVariable expressivity
- CIncomplete penetrance
- DKarotypic malformation
- AHidden phenotype
48A 23-year old diabetic male presents with a 3-day history of flu-like symptoms. His blood sugar is elevated and the arterial blood gas (ABG) values reveal a decreased pH, normal CO2, and decreased bicarbonate ion. The most likely diagnosis is:
- Arespiratory alkalosis.
- Bmetabolic alkalosis.
- Cmetabolic acidosis.
- Drespiratory acidosis.
- Arespiratory alkalosis.
49A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
- AThe codominance
- BThe phenotype of genetic material
- CThe person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
- DThe individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normal
- AThe codominance
50A 20 year old patient asks the nurse about side effects of the flu vaccine. The nurse knows that possible side effects include:
- Adystonia.
- Binability to ambulate in a forward direction.
- Cpain at the injection site.
- Dan Australian accent.
- Adystonia.
Information
- Description
- Quiz on Patho Quiz 1, created by Crystal Thorn on 02/12/2014.
- Author
- Crystal Thorn
- Language
- English
- Views
- 1,805
- History
- Created on 2 Dec 2014 · updated on 18 Jan 2017
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