Question 1
Question
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.
Answer
-
biology
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neurology
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psychology
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physiology
Question 2
Question
A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.
Answer
-
behavior
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evolution
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genetics
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nurture
Question 3
Question
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
Answer
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chromosomes; DNA
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chromosomes; genes
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DNA; genes
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genes; DNA
Question 4
Question
Wendy’s mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy’s ________ must be ________ and her father’s must be Bb.
Answer
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genotype; Bb
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genotype; bb
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phenotype; Bb
-
phenotype; bb
Question 5
Question
Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.
Question 6
Question
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.
Answer
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axons; terminal buttons
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dendrites; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; transport proteins
Question 7
Question
The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.
Answer
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axon
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glial cell
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soma
-
terminal button
Question 8
Question
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
Answer
-
soma
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synapse
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terminal button
-
vesicle
Question 9
Question
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
Answer
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receptors; nothing, since they do not bind
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receptors; receptors
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receptors; the cell membrane
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the cell membrane; receptors
Question 10
Question
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
Question 11
Question
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
Question 12
Question
________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
Answer
-
action potential
-
depolarization
-
hyperpolarization
-
threshold of excitation
Question 13
Question
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
Answer
-
break down into inactive fragments
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collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
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drifting away from the synapse
-
reuptake
Question 14
Question
Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.
Answer
-
emotional
-
GABA
-
neurotransmitter
-
serotonin
Question 15
Question
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
Answer
-
dopamine; acetylcholine
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dopamine; norepinephrine
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serotonin; GABA
-
serotonin; glutamate
Question 16
Question
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
Answer
-
acetylcholine
-
beta-endorphin
-
GABA
-
norepinephrine
Question 17
Question
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
Question 18
Question
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
Answer
-
autonomic; somatic nervous systems
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autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems
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central; peripheral nervous systems
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parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems
Question 19
Question
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
Answer
-
autonomic
-
parasympathetic
-
somatic
-
sympathetic
Question 20
Question
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.
Answer
-
autonomic
-
parasympathetic
-
somatic
-
sympathetic
Question 21
Question
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Answer
-
homeostasis
-
resting potential
-
reuptake
-
synergy
Question 22
Question
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
Question 23
Question
The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.
Answer
-
billions
-
tens of thousands
-
thousands
-
millions
Question 24
Question
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
Answer
-
brainstem
-
internal organs
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peripheral nerves
-
spinal cord
Question 25
Question
The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves
Answer
-
central gyrus
-
central sulci
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hemisphere
-
longitudinal fissure
Question 26
Question
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
Answer
-
breathing
-
emotion
-
memory
-
reasoning
Question 27
Question
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain
Answer
-
Broca’s area
-
hippocampus
-
thalamus
-
Wernicke’s area
Question 28
Question
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?
Answer
-
Frontal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.
-
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.
-
Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior.
-
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Question 29
Question
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
Answer
-
cognition and emotion
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language, such as speech
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motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
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temperature, touch, and pain
Question 30
Question
Broca’s area is located in which lobe of the brain?
Answer
-
frontal
-
occipital
-
parietal
-
temporal
Question 31
Question
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
Answer
-
audition
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smell
-
taste
-
vision
Question 32
Question
Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?
Answer
-
amygdala
-
hippocampus
-
pons
-
thalamus
Question 33
Question
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents’ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.
Answer
-
basal ganglia; childhood
-
basal ganglia; emotional
-
limbic system; childhood
-
limbic system; emotional
Question 34
Question
The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.
Answer
-
amygdala
-
corpus callosum
-
hypothalamus
-
pons
Question 35
Question
________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.
Answer
-
acetylcholine
-
dopamine
-
glutamate
-
serotonin
Question 36
Question
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
Answer
-
amygdala
-
cerebellum
-
medulla
-
pons
Question 37
Question
The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
Answer
-
cerebellum
-
medulla
-
pons
-
reticular formation
Question 38
Question
The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.
Answer
-
cerebellum
-
sensory cortex
-
substantia nigra
-
ventral tegmental area
Question 39
Question
The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.
Answer
-
cerebellum
-
corpus callosum
-
medulla
-
pons
Question 40
Question
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
Answer
-
factors
-
hormones
-
neurotransmitters
-
proteins