Quiz
Chapter 1 cell bio
Questions in this quiz (42)
11. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
- Aa. Cells can produce proteins.
- Bb. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
- Cc. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
- Dd. Cells can synthesize fats.
22. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
- Aa. Mitochondria
- Bb. Ribosome
- Cc. Nucleolus
- Dd. Lysosome
33. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
- Aa. Lysosomes
- Bb. Peroxisomes
- Cc. Ribosomes
- Dd. Endosome
44. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
- Aa. Ribosome
- Bb. Golgi complex
- Cc. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Dd. Lysosomes
55. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
- Aa. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
- Bb. Secretion of cortisol
- Cc. Increased retention of water
- Dd. Breakdown of fat
66. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
- Aa. G1
- Bb. S
- Cc. G2
- Dd. M
77. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
- Aa. Lipids
- Bb. Proteases
- Cc. Proteins
- Dd. Carbohydrates
88. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
- Aa. Cardiac and vascular disorders
- Bb. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
- Cc. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
- Dd. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
99. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
- Aa. Carbohydrate chains
- Bb. Glycoprotein channels
- Cc. Membrane channel proteins
- Dd. Lipid bilayer
1010. A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of the action potential. What response by the professor is best?
- Aa. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
- Bb. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
- Cc. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
- Dd. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a response.
1111. Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact?
- Aa. Protein channel (gap junction)
- Bb. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
- Cc. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
- Dd. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands
1212. Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away?
- Aa. Paracrine
- Bb. Autocrine
- Cc. Neurotransmitter
- Dd. Hormonal
1313. Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized?
- Aa. Paracrine
- Bb. Autocrine
- Cc. Neurotransmitter
- Dd. Hormone
1414. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which structure?
- Aa. Lipids
- Bb. Ribosomes
- Cc. Amphipathic lipids
- Dd. Receptors
1515. How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid surrounding them?
- Aa. Protein channel (gap junction)
- Bb. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
- Cc. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
- Dd. Chemical messengers such as ligands
1616. Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for extracellular communication to be activated?
- Aa. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
- Bb. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
- Cc. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Dd. Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)
1717. Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
- Aa. Oxidative phosphorylation
- Bb. Glycolysis
- Cc. Lactolysis
- Dd. Passive transport
1818. What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
- Aa. Anaerobic glycolysis
- Bb. Oxidative cellular metabolism
- Cc. Oxidative phosphorylation
- Dd. Tricarboxylic acid phosphorylation
1919. Passive transport is best described with which statement?
- Aa. Being driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion
- Bb. Involving receptors that can bind with substances being transported
- Cc. Being capable of transporting macromolecules
- Dd. Requiring energy generated by the cell
2020. Which is the best example of active transport?
- Aa. Movement across a membrane due to differences in solute concentration
- Bb. Movement requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy
- Cc. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in one direction
- Dd. Movement of two molecules simultaneously in opposite directions
2121. Which method of transport uses transmembrane proteins with receptors with a high degree of specificity for the substance being transported?
- Aa. Active
- Bb. Mediated
- Cc. Transmembranous
- Dd. Passive
2222. The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?
- Aa. Hydrostatic pressure
- Bb. Osmosis
- Cc. Diffusion
- Dd. Active transport
2323. A student asks why osmolality is preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the clinical assessment of individuals. What response by the professor is most accurate?
- Aa. Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of solution.
- Bb. Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes.
- Cc. More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes rather than by water.
- Dd. Osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in plasma.
2424. A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells?
- Aa. Become hydrated
- Bb. Swell or burst
- Cc. Shrink
- Dd. Divide
2525. The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?
- Aa. Hydrostatic pressure
- Bb. Active diffusion
- Cc. Passive osmosis
- Dd. Mediated transport
2626. What transports potassium and sodium across plasma membranes?
- Aa. Passive electrolyte channels
- Bb. Coupled channels
- Cc. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
- Dd. Diffusion
2727. What occurs during exocytosis?
- Aa. Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
- Bb. All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix.
- Cc. No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
- Dd. Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.
2828. The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process?
- Aa. Receptor-mediated exocytosis
- Bb. Antiport system
- Cc. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
- Dd. Passive transport
2929. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential?
- Aa. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive - Bb. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
potential from negative to positive. - Cc. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative. - Dd. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane
potential from positive to negative.
- Aa. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane
3030. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
- Aa. Platelets
- Bb. Epidermal cells
- Cc. Connective tissue cells
- Dd. Fibroblast cells
3131. What role do cytokines play in cell reproduction?
- Aa. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
- Bb. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
- Cc. Restrain cell growth and development
- Dd. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development
3232. What is the process of cellular reproduction?
- Aa. The process often takes months or years to complete.
- Bb. Cellular reproduction typically has a short interphase.
- Cc. Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed.
- Dd. The process involves the interaction of male and female cells.
3333. Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?
- Aa. They lack distinct nucleus.
- Bb. They contain compartments called organelles.
- Cc. They lack an encasing nuclear membrane.
- Dd. They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell.
3434. Which statement is true about phagocytosis?
- Aa. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
- Bb. Phagocytosis is dependent on small vesicles.
- Cc. Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.
- Dd. Phagocytosis focuses on solute molecules.
3535. A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?
- Aa. Movement
- Bb. Conductivity
- Cc. Secretion
- Dd. Respiration
3636. When a mucous gland cell creates a new substance from previously absorbed material, this process is known as which specialized cellular function?
- Aa. Excretion
- Bb. Metabolic absorption
- Cc. Reproduction
- Dd. Secretion
3737. All cells are capable of what process?
- Aa. Excretion
- Bb. Movement
- Cc. Conductivity
- Dd. Continuous division
3838. What is the best description of cell cycle arrest?
- Aa. The cell cycle is stopped due to damaged DNA.
- Bb. Programmed cell death is suppressed.
- Cc. Macromolecule degradation is inhibited.
- Dd. Production of growth factors is halted.
391. What are the major chemical components of the cell membranes? (Select all that apply.
- Aa. Lipids
- Bb. Sodium ions
- Cc. Carbohydrates
- Dd. DNA
- Ee. Proteins
402. Which statements are true concerning the process of mediated transport? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Can be active or passive
- Bb. Only moves one molecule at a time
- Cc. Involves transport proteins
- Dd. Expends tremendous energy
- Ee. Occurs only with hormones
413. What is passive transport dependent on? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Semipermeable barrier membrane
- Bb. The process of osmosis
- Cc. Diffusion as a driving force
- Dd. A living host
- Ee. Hydrostatic pressure
424. What is the primary function of proteins? (Select all that apply.)
- Aa. Proteins are binding units.
- Bb. Proteins are transport channels.
- Cc. Proteins are ribonucleoproteins.
- Dd. Proteins provide cell surface markers.
- Ee. Proteins are chemical reaction catalysts.
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