Quiz
Forelimb
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Questions in this quiz (99)
1Which of these structures are found within the carpal canal?
- ARadial artery, vein and nerve
- BMedian artery, vein and nerve
- CSDFT
- DAL-SDFT
- EDDFT
2Which of these structures are found outside the carpal canal?
- AMedian artery, vein and nerve
- BRadial artery
- CAL-SDFT
- DCephalic vein
- ETendon of the flexor carpi radialis
3Which 2 muscles assist with lateral shoulder joint stabilization?
- AInfraspinatus and rhomboideus
- BInfraspinatus and scalenus
- CDeltoideus and infraspinatus
4The [blank_start]lacertus fibrosis[blank_end] helps maintain the carpal joint in extension when the biceps resists the collapse of the shoulder under the weight of the trunk.
- AFlexor carpi radialis
- Blacertus fibrosis
- CPeronius tertius
5The role (s) of the supraspinatus muscle includes the following....
- AFlexion of the shoulder
- BShock absorption (eccentric contraction)
- CPropulsion (concentric contraction)
6The tendon of the [blank_start]subscapularis[blank_end] muscle behaves like a medial collateral ligament for the shoulder joint.
- Asupraspinatus
- Binfraspinatus
- Csubscapularis
7The triceps muscle has two heads, the [blank_start]long[blank_end] head is a biarticular muscle that acts as an [blank_start]extensor[blank_end] of the elbow and a [blank_start]flexor[blank_end] of the shoulder while the [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] head is monoarticular and only extends the elbow.
- Alateral
- Blong
- Cextensor
- Dflexor
- Eflexor
- Fextensor
- Glateral
- Hlong
8The serratus mm and the pectoral mm act to suspend the trunk between the forelimbs. [blank_start]Concentric[blank_end] contraction leads to elevation of the trunk at a jump while [blank_start]eccentric[blank_end] contraction controls the dropping of the truck during landing or stance.
- AConcentric
- BEccentric
- Cconcentric
- Deccentric
9When there is a reduction in cranial phase of stride in the forelimb, the following etiologies should be considered for lameness....
- APodotrochlear syndrome
- BShoulder lameness
- CFetlock injury
- DPSL injury
- EConsider opposite limb as a potential cause for SDF injury
10The biceps brachii muscle originates on the [blank_start]tuberculum supraglenoidalis[blank_end] and inserts on the radial tuberosity of the [blank_start]humerus.[blank_end]
- AGreater tubercle of the humerus
- BTuberculum supraglenoidalis
- CLesser tubercle of the humerus
- Dhumerus
- Eradius
- Fulna
11What nerve innervates the extensor mm of the forearm?
- AThe median n.
- BThe ulnar n.
- CThe radial n.
12Blocking the carpal canal could result in a false positive if you accidentally block the ulnar nerve as it runs through the structure. The ulnar nerve goes on to form the medial and lateral common digital nerves.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13The following conditions could result in injury to the AL-SDFT.
- ASevere club foot
- BMuscle weakness causing overload of the tendinous structures
- CPrevious SDF injury causing overload of the AL-SDFT
- DHorses that are "back at the knee"
14The most important extensor of the elbow is....
- AThe bicep brachii m.
- BSupraspinatus m.
- CDeltoideus m.
- DTriceps m.
15This muscle arises from the caudoproximal humerus and follows a spiral groove to insert on the craniomedial proximal radius. It is innervated by the radial nerve and is exclusively a flexor of the elbow.
- ABiceps brachii m.
- BTeres major m.
- CBrachialis m.
16These 4 muscles associated with the "girdle" that suspends the thorax include....
- ASerratus ventralis cervicis m.
- BSerratus ventralis thoracis m.
- CSubscapularis m.
- DPectoralis ascendans m.
- ESubclavius m.
17The shoulder joint is extended by the [blank_start]supraspinatus[blank_end] muscle which also acts as a stabilizer during stance. The joint can be flexed by the [blank_start]deltoideus m.[blank_end]
- Asupraspinatus m.
- Bsubclavius m.
- Cdeltoideus m.
- Ddeltoideus m.
- Esubclavius m.
- Fsupraspinatus m.
18The main extensor muscle of the elbow is the [blank_start]triceps brachii[blank_end] while the main flexors include the [blank_start]biceps brachii[blank_end] and the [blank_start]brachialis mm.[blank_end]
- Abiceps brachii m.
- Btriceps briachii m.
- Cbrachialis m.
- Dtriceps brachii m.
- Esubclavius m.
- Fbiceps brachii. m.
- Gbrachialis mm.
- Htriceps brachii m.
- Isubclavius m.
19The muscles responsible for elevation of the neck include the dorsal cervical mm. such as the semispinalis and splenius mm.
- ATrue
- BFalse
20Select the following correct statements.
- AThe ramus communicans connects fibers from the median and ulnar nerves.
- BThe median nerve becomes the medial common digital nerve. The median nerve comes from C7,C8,T1.
- CThe ulnar nerve becomes the lateral common digital nerve.
- DThe radial nerve becomes the palmar metacarpal nerves.
21If you block the ulnar nerve in the antebrachium the entire lateral aspect of the limb will be blocked because the ulnar nerve turns into the lateral common digital nerve.
- ATrue
- BFalse
22The lateral aspect of the leg is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves while the medial aspect of the leg is innervated exclusively by the median nerve.
- ATrue
- BFalse
23Blocking the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is not specific to the proximal suspensory.
- ATrue
- BFalse
24The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve becomes the lateral palmar common digital nerve while the deep ramus provides the palmar metacarpal nerves.
- ATrue
- BFalse
25Fibers run from the accessory ligament of the DDFT to the SDF in the proximal metacarpal region.
- ATrue
- BFalse
26The deep digital flexor tendon has the following
- ARadial head, humeral head, ulnar (olecraneon) head
- BThe humeral head is made of two muscle bodies (one with aponeuroses) that originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus
- CThere is also a transcuneal head.
27The palmar ligament of the carpus gives rise to the following structures
- AThe Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon
- BThe Suspensory Ligament
- CThe Extensor Carpi Obliquus
- DThe Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
28The lateral digital extensor tendon has an accessory ligament.
- ATrue
- BFalse
29Choose the following true statements regarding the collateral ligament of the fetlock.
- AThere is a superficial and a deep component
- BThe deep component is straight while the superficial portion is oblique
- CThe deep component runs in an oblique fashion from dorsal metacarpal condyle to the palmar eminence of P1
- DThe superficial layer is straight running from the distal metaphysis of the cannon bone to proximal P1
30The lateral digital extensor tendon passes between the superficial and deep components of the lateral collateral ligament of the carpus.
- ATrue
- BFalse
31Which of the following are true regarding the manica flexoria?
- APrevents the flexor tendons from separating from the proximal sesamoid bones.
- BThe DDFT forms a circle around the SDF.
- CCreates solidarization between the SDF and DDF especially when the tendons are relaxed during flexion.
- DIs attached to the digital sheath proximally and free distally.
32The bones of the carpus are characterized by a locking surface on the dorsal aspect so there is no movement in stance.
- ATrue
- BFalse
33The normal conformation of the carpus is [blank_start]valgus[blank_end], hence the robust [blank_start]medial[blank_end] collateral ligament.
- Avalgus
- Bvarus
- Clateral
- Dmedial
34The accessory carpal bone serves as a lever arm for the carpus.
- ATrue
- BFalse
35The ulnaris lateralis has 2 tendons....
- AThe long tendon inserts on the 4th carpal bone
- BThe short head inserts on the accessory carpal bone
- CThe long head inserts on the accessory carpal bone
- DThere is only one tendon that inserts on the accessory carpal bone
- EThe long head inserts on the superficial layer of the lateral collateral ligament.
36The suspensory ligament inserts on the.....
- AProximal sesamoid bones
- BMiddle scutum
- CProximal scutum
37When looking at an image of a normal SDF tendon you can orient yourself because the lateral margin is rounder and wider and the medial aspect is thinner and more triangular.
- ATrue
- BFalse
38The bulk of tendon healing occurs in the first 2-3 months, it is more difficult to assess tendon healing after that point but it is also more critical because this is when the horse will be in the rehabilitation phase.
- ATrue
- BFalse
39The most clinically important part of the proximal suspensory ligament in the forelimb is....
- AThe palmar aspect of the lateral lobe
- BThe dorsal aspect of the medial lobe
- CThe palmar aspect of the medial lobe
- DThe dorsal aspect of the lateral lobe
40The blood vessel imaged between the PSL and the AL-DDFT is called the....
- AMedio-radial anastomosis
- BDeep palmar metacarpal ramus
- CDeep palmar metacarpal anastomosis
- DDeep palmar carpal anastomosis
41When rehabbing a RF injury over fences exercises should be chosen so that the RF is
- AThe leading limb
- BThe trailing limb
- CThe leading limb has the highest cumulative load, longer load duration
- DThe trailing limb has the highest peak load
- EChoose left lead canter
- FChoose right lead canter
42The median nerve provides the medial common digital nerve which provides the medial proper digital nerve.
- ATrue
- BFalse
43The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve becomes the lateral common digital nerve which becomes the lateral proper digital nerve.
- ATrue
- BFalse
44The medial common digital nerve is dorsal to the SDF while the lateral common digital nerve is dorsal to the DDF
- ATrue
- BFalse
45The two main factors in rupture of the digital flexor muscles in the forearm include elbow [blank_start]flexion[blank_end] and carpal and fetlock [blank_start]extension[blank_end].
- Aflexion
- Bextension
- Cflexion
- Dextension
46The median nerve is always found deep to what muscle in the forearm?
- AThe flexor carpi ulnaris
- BDeep digital flexor muscle
- CFlexor carpi radialis
- DExtensor carpi radialis
47In order to block the median nerve above the ramus communicans, you need to block above the level of what landmark?
- AThe bifurcation of the radial and ulnar heads of the DDF muscle
- Bthe styloid process of the ulna
- Cthe chestnut
- Dthe carpal canal
48When blocking the median nerve you should do the following:
- AUse a macroconvex probe
- BPosition your probe above the chestnut
- CInject as close to the nerve as possible, it will diffuse adequately from a few cm away
- DInject into the epimysium cranial and caudal to the nerve
- ETry to hit the nerve
49When injecting the medial nerve, be sure to hold up the opposite limb to make sure the horse doesn't move.
- ATrue
- BFalse
50To block the ulnar nerve, you need to place your probe [blank_start]caudolaterally[blank_end], 1 hands' width above the [blank_start]accessory carpal bone[blank_end].
- Acaudolaterally
- Bcaudomedially
- Cchestnut
- Daccessory carpal bone
51When examining the elbow, which epicondyle is bigger?
- AMedial
- BLateral
52The dorsal radial tuberosity is the insertion of which muscle?
- ALacertus fibrosus
- BLong digital extensor
- CBiceps brachii
- DFlexor carpi radialis
53The elbow has 2 coronoid processes in the horse.
- ATrue
- BFalse
54The two most common locations for a humeral stress fracture are the
- ADistomedial portion
- BDistolateral portion
- CSpiral fracture of the diaphysis
- DHumeral neck
55The medial collateral ligament of the elbow is composed of how many fasciculi?
- A1
- B2
- C3
56The biceps brachii muscle acts like the peronius tertius and forces the shoulder and elbow to flex and extend simultaneously.
- ATrue
- BFalse
57The 3 main flexors of the elbow are:
- ABiceps brachii
- BTriceps
- CDeltoideus
- DBrachialis
- EExtensor carpi radialis
58The radial nerve innervates the extensors of the forearm and the flexor carpi ulnaris.
- ATrue
- BFalse
59Never inject local anesthetic in the caudal aspect of the elbow because you may cause temporary radial nerve paralysis.
- ATrue
- BFalse
60The lacertus fibrosis origiinates from the [blank_start]biceps tendon[blank_end] and inserts on the [blank_start]extensor carpi radialis.[blank_end]
- Abrachialis muscle
- Bbiceps tendon
- Cradial tuberosity
- Dextensor carpi radialis
- Ecrest of the radius
61The ulnaris lateralis originates on the [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the [blank_start]fourth[blank_end] metacarpal bone.
- Amedial
- Blateral
- Csecond
- Dthird
- Efourth
62The digital flexor muscles originate on the [blank_start]medial[blank_end] epicondyle, while the ulnaris lateralis originates on the [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] epicondyle of the humerus.
- Amedial
- Blateral
- Cmedial
- Dlateral
63The main abductor muscles of the shoulder are the
- Adeltoideus
- Bsubclavius
- Cinfraspinatus
- Dtriceps
64Radial nerve paralysis and elbow fractures have a similar "dropped elbow" appearance, but differ with the position of the fetlock which tends to remain in
- Aflexion for fracture while it remains extended with radial nerve paralysis.
- Bextension for fractures while it remains flexed with radial nerve paralysis.
65The infraspinatus muscle behaves like the lateral collateral ligament of the shoulder joint, what muscle behaves like the medial collateral ligament?
- ASupraspinatus
- BSubclavius
- CTeres minor
- DSubscapular
66The triceps muscle functions in the following ways:
- ACranial stability of the shoulder joint
- BCaudal stability of the shoulder joint
- CPulls scapula cranially
- DPulls scapula caudally
67Which of the following nerves comprise the 4 most important nerves of the forelimb?
- ACranial cervical
- BMusculocutaneous
- CRadial
- DBrachial
- EAxillary
- FMedian
- GUlnar
68What is the largest nerve root in the neck?
- AC6
- BC7
- CC8
- DT1
69Which key nerve crosses the cranial aspect of the scapula and is therefore subject to injury?
- ASupraspinatus
- BSubscapular
- CSuprascapular
- DMedian
70The radial nerve innervates which of the following?
- AExtensor muscles of the forearm
- BFlexor carpi ulnaris
- CUlnaris lateralis
- DTriceps muscle
71The supraspinatus tendon inserts
- AOn top of minor tuberculum
- BOn top of major tuberculm
- CSupraglenoid tubercle
72When the bicipital bursa is distended, it separates the biceps tendon from which muscle in a transverse view over the sulcus intertubercularis?
- ABrachiocephalicus
- BSternocephalicus
- COmotransversarius
73The shoulder joint is covered by the [blank_start]omotransversarius[blank_end] laterally and the [blank_start]brachiocephalicus[blank_end] cranially.
- Aomotransversarius
- Bbrachiocephalicus
- Csubclavius
- Domotransversarius
- Ebrachiocephalicus
- Fsubclavius
74The distal insertion of the tendon of the infraspinatus muscle is
- AOn the cranial part of the major tuberculum
- BOn the crest of the major tuberculum
- COn the crest of the minor tuberculum
- DOn the caudal part of the minor tuberculum
75Fractures of the minor tuberculum are often displaced caudally due to pull from the
- ASupraspinatus
- BPectoralis transversus
- CPectoralis ascendens
76If you have muscle atrophy the echogenicity of the muscle will be decreased.
- ATrue
- BFalse
77When you have suprascapular nerve paralysis, you get varus of the shoulder due to:
- ALoss of innervation to the subscapularis
- BLoss of lateral should stability from the infraspinatus muscle
- CLoss of medial shoulder stability
78Atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles suggests injury to which nerve?
- AAxillary
- BSubscapularis
- CSuprascapular
- DMedian
79Atrophy of the deltoideus muscle and cleidobrachialis muscles indicates injury to which nerve?
- AAxillary
- BSubscapularis
- CSuprascapular
- DMedian
80Injury to tha axillary nerve manifests the following way clinically
- ASevere shoulder instability
- BDecreased caudal phase of stride and shoulder instability
- CDecreased cranial phase of stride and mild shoulder instability
81The supraspinatus
- AIs a biarticular muscle
- BIs a monoarticular muscle
- CActs to extend the shoulder joint
- DActs to flex the shoulder joint
- EIs an antigravitary muscle
82The biceps tendon makes a passive contribution during stance phase preventing collapse of the shoulder joint.
- ATrue
- BFalse
83The 4 muscles contributing to the movement of the scapula during propulsion are the:
- ALatissimus dorsi and the rhomboideus pulling the proximal part of the scapula caudally while the trapezius and sternocephalicus pull the distal part cranially.
- BRhomboideus and the trapezius pulling the proximal part of the scapula cranially while the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis profundus pull the distal part caudally through their attachment of the humerus.
- CTrapezius and pectoralis profundus pulls the dorsal part of the scapuia caudally while trapezius pulls it caudally and the latissimus dorsal pulls the distal part caudally.
84Flexion of the elbow is accomplished by:
- AThe long head of the triceps
- BInfraspinatus
- CDeltoideus
- DTeres major
85The horse raises and lowers its thorax relative to the forelimbs when preparing to jump. It lowers the thorax through eccentric contraction of the pectoralis profundus and the serratus ventralis thoracis and then raises the throrax through [blank_start]concentric[blank_end] contraction of these muscles.
- Aconcentric
- Beccentric
86The two muscles responsible for raising and lowering the thorax are the:
- APectoralis profundus
- BPectoralis ascendens
- CLattisimus dorsi
- DSerratis ventralis thoracis
- EBrachiocephalicus
87The muscles responsible for flexion of the elbow are the:
- ABiceps brachii
- BSupraspinatus
- CDeltoideus
- DPectoralis descendens
88Varus of the shoulder joint may be seen with the following nerve injury.
- Asubscapular nerve paralysis
- Bsuprascapular nerve paralysis
- Caxillary nerve paralysis
89Average nerve regeneration takes place at the following rate
- A1mm/ week
- B1cm/ week
- C10cm/ week
- D10cm /month
90Ulnar nerve provides motor function to which muscles?
- AFlexor muscles of the antebrachium
- BExtensor muscles of the antebrachium
- Culnaris lateralis
- Dprimarily sensory
91Which nerve provides innervation to the flexor muscles of the antebrachium?
- ARadial n.
- BUlnar n.
- CMedian n.
- DMusculocutaneous n.
92The triceps brachii muscle is innervated by which nerve?
- AMedian
- BRadial
- CUlnar
- DMusculocutaneous
93This muscle inserts on the minor tuberculum of the humerus and when you have a fracture of this prominence it will cause the fragment to be pulled caudally.
- AInfraspinatus tendon
- BMedial lobe of supraspinatus tendon
- CLateral lobe of the supraspinatus tendon
- DPectoralis profundus
94Which head of the DDF muscle is divided into 2 parts? One with intramuscular aponeuroses and one without?
- ARadial
- BHumeral
- CUlnar
95Why do we block the medial nerve proximal to the chestnut?
- AThe nerve is most accessible here
- BIf you block distal you may miss the ramus communicans
- CYou don't, you should be below the chestnut
96When doing USG blocks, it is important to pass through which layer of the muscle to ensure you're not doing an IM injection?
- APerimysium
- BEpimysium
- CEndomysium
97Please identify the structure indicated.
- AMedian nerve
- BUlnar nerve
- CTendon of the olecraneon head of the DDF
98What is the main reason wemdon't we block the median nerve at the level of the elbow?
- AYou will also block the caudal antebrachial nerve
- BYou might get cross reaction with the elbow
- CThe number of vessels makes it difficult to access
99The tendon of the infraspinatus muscle will cross the convexity of the major tuberculum to insert on the crest.
- ATrue
- BFalse
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- Description
- NA Proximal Forelimb and Neck Connection Module Quiz on Forelimb, created by Elizabeth Lordan on 28/01/2023.
- Author
- Elizabeth Lordan
- Language
- English
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