Quiz
Study Guide for TEST 1
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Questions in this quiz (64)
1Facts make sense only because we interpret them using preexisting categories and assumptions, or [blank_start]theories[blank_end].
- Atheories
2Why is theory not philosophy?
- ATheories are based on empirical phenomenon
- BTheories study the metaphysical
- CTheories study the unmeasurable
- DAll of the above
3Theories allow us to move away from assumptions about the world.
- ATrue
- BFalse
4In sociological research, scientific theories: (Check all that apply)
- Aexplain social phenomena
- Bpredict social phenomena
- Cproduce testable hypotheses
- Dproduce falsifiable hypotheses
5The importance of formal sociological theorizing is that it makes assumptions and categories [blank_start]explicit[blank_end]; hence open to examination, scrutiny, and reformation.
- Aexplicit
6Studying classical sociological theory is important because:
- Athey helped chart the course of the discipline of sociology from its inception until the present time
- Bbecause their concepts and theories still resonate with contemporary concerns
- CA & B
- DNone of the above. Classical theory is irrelevant in modern society.
7[blank_start]Theory[blank_end] is a system of generalized statements or propositions about phenomena.
- ATheory
8Check all that apply: the difference(s) between sociological theory and theories found in the natural sciences
- Asociological theories tend to be more evaluative and critical than natural science theories
- Bnatural science theories are more evaluative and critical than sociological theories
- Csociological theories do not require empirical observations
- Dthe nature of their respective subjects
9Which of the following is true about students reading original sociological works by core theorists?
- ASecondary texts are revised interpretations of what the original author wrote, which often leads to misinterpretations and modifications
- BReading a well-written and scholarly secondary text is similar to reading original works
- CIt is not essential for students to read original works
- DAll of the above are true
10The [blank_start]Enlightenment[blank_end], an 18th century European intellectual revolution, was a new type of philosophy that changed the way people thought by questioning the traditions, values, and belief systems in society.
- AEnlightenment
11The rise of science and empiricism would give birth to [blank_start]sociology[blank_end] in the mid-nineteenth century.
- Asociology
12The central idea behind sociology as an emerging discipline was that society could be the subject of scientific examination in the same manner as biological organisms or the physical properties of material objects.
- ATrue
- BFalse
13What did the French Revolution have to do with the conservative reaction?
- AThe French Revolution emphasizes the individual at the expense of the collective society.
- BEnlightenment thoughts led up to this massive, violent, social upheaval demanding individual rights and liberties, leading to chaos and disorder
- CA & B
- DNone of the above. The French Revolution did not create a conservative reaction.
14The conservative reaction, or the [blank_start]counter-enlightenment[blank_end], reemphasized [blank_start]order[blank_end] and the importance of the [blank_start]collective[blank_end] society over individualism.
- Acounter-enlightenment
- Border
- Ccollective
15Who are sociology's core theorists?
- AKarl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Benjamin Franklin
- BMax Weber, Emile Durkheim, Auguste Comte
- CKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber
- Dnone of the above
16"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." This phrase was most likely written by:
- AWeber & Marx
- BEngels & Weber
- CHegel & Comte
- DMarx & Engels
- Enone of the above
17The most detailed account of Marx's theory of history set out to reformulate Hegel's work.
- AThe Wealth of Nations
- BThe Communist Manifesto
- CThe German Ideology
- DDas Capital
18Marx believed theory is only to interpret the world, not to change it.
- ATrue
- BFalse
19Marx focused on:
- Aeconomic classes and forces of production
- BGod
- Cidealism
- Dnone of the above
20“it is not from the benevolence of the butcher, brewer, or the baker that we expect our
dinner but from their regard for their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their
humanity, but to their self-love and never talk to them of our won necessities, but of their
advantages." Where is this quote from?- AKarl Marx's Communist Manifesto
- BHegel's Dialectic
- CAdam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations"
- Dnone of the above
21What was the purpose of Marx's political activities?
- Ato generate class consciousness
- Bto generate awareness on the part of the working class of their common relationship to the means of production
- Call of the above
22Hegel's and his philosophy of dialectics and idealism:
- Aemphasized the importance of the mind and mental products rather than the material world.
- Bemphasized the importance of the material world rather than the mind and mental products.
- Cemphasized empiricism
- Dall of the above
23What does Marx think of Hegel's dialect and how does he apply it?
- Ahe emphasized the importance of the material world rather than the mind and mental products.
- Bhe completely agrees with all of Hegel's work
- Che does not agree with any of Hegel's work
- Dnone of the above
24“Consciousness can never be anything else than conscious existence, and the existence of men is their actual life-process”
- AG. W. F. Hegel
- BEmile Durkheim
- CKarl Marx & Frederich Engels
- DFrederich Engels & G.W.F. Hegel
25“The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas”. Who came to this conclusion based on their perspective?
- AMarx
- BHegel
- CAdam Smith
- DDurkheim
26______ is the process of production where the results of our labor confront us as a dominating power
- Amaterialism
- Balienation
- Cbourgeoisie
- Dconflict
27Three elements of alienation:
- Achoice, control, ownership
- Bchoice, control, power
- Csocial class, control, ownership
- Dchoice, income, ownership
28“By possessing the property of buying everything, by possessing the property of appropriating all objects, [blank_start]money[blank_end] is thus the object of eminent possession. The universality of its property is the omnipotence of its being.”
- Amoney
29Which did Marx write?
- A“Money’s properties are my properties and essential powers—the properties and
powers of its possessor. Thus, what I am and am capable of is by no means determined
by my individuality.” - B“Money is the alienated ability of mankind.”
- C“it is not from the benevolence of the butcher, brewer, or the baker that we expect our
dinner but from their regard for their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their
humanity, but to their self-love and never talk to them of our won necessities, but of their
advantages” - DA & B
- A“Money’s properties are my properties and essential powers—the properties and
30[blank_start]Fetishism[blank_end] refers to the distorted relationship existing between individuals and the
production and consumption of goods.- AFetishism
31[blank_start]Use-value[blank_end] refers to the utility of a commodity or its ability to satisfy wants; it must be consumed or it has no use; does not determine its actual price; refers to the qualities of commodities. [blank_start]Exchange-value[blank_end] expresses equivalencies - how much of a given commodity it takes to equal the value of another commodity.
- AUse-value
- BExchange-value
- CExchange-value
- Duse-value
32In Marx's [blank_start]labor theory of value[blank_end], the value of an object is determined ultimately by the amount of labor time that it took to produce it.
- Alabor theory of value
33[blank_start]Surplus value[blank_end] is the difference between what workers earn for their labor and the price or value of the good that they produce; it is the source of the capitalist's profit as the capitalist pays the worker less than the value of what he or she actually produces.
- ASurplus value
34The source of the capitalists' exploitation of the worker as the worker gives more than is given in return without having any voice in his relationship of exchange.
- Asurplus value
- Bmoney
- Cbourgeoisie
- Dconflict
35Cost of production minus price above production equals
- Aprofit
- Bexchange
- Cexploitation
- Dnone of the above
36For Marx, profit is dependent on [blank_start]labor[blank_end].
- Alabor
37$75 of [blank_start]profit[blank_end] for the capitalist is $75 of [blank_start]exploitation[blank_end] for the worker.
- Aprofit
- Bexploitation
- Cexploitation
- Dprofit
38a way of looking at the economic system based on free markets, entrepreneurship
- Aneo-liberal economics
- Bconflict theory
- CMarxism
39[blank_start]invisible hand economy[blank_end] - self-interest is what pushes us along; regulates society; free market
- Ainvisible hand economy
40Marx sees human nature as [blank_start]sensuous[blank_end].
- Asensuous
41Human nature and work must:
- Asatisfy physical needs
- Bexpress creativity
- Cbe profitable
42Marx concept that the individual gets to choose, control, and own what they make is [blank_start]species being[blank_end].
- Aspecies being
43[blank_start]Capitalism[blank_end] removes our human essence by taking away our species being.
- ACapitalism
44According to Marx, [blank_start]money[blank_end] can turn a human being into anything; it is [blank_start]transformative[blank_end].
- Amoney
- Btransformative
45Hegel concept that all life experiences are mental and God is the only real, tangible thing.
- Aidealism
- Bconflict theory
- Cmaterialism
- Dbourgeois society
46According to Hegel, history moves forward because of [blank_start]consciousness[blank_end]. According to Marx, history is based on [blank_start]materialism[blank_end].
- Aconsciousness
- Bmaterialism
- Cmaterialism
- Dconsciousness
47Marx's materialism is the opposite of Hegel's idealism.
- ATrue
- BFalse
48Capitalism creates two kinds of people:
- Amaterialistic and idealistic
- Bbourgeoisie and proletariat
- Crich and poor
- Downers and workers
49Bourgeoisie makes less money when they exploit workers.
- ATrue
- BFalse
50The greed inherent in entrepreneurs continues to create the proletariat, but eventually the proletariat get sick and tired of being exploited. They create [blank_start]industrial armies[blank_end] that will one day rise up and create an overall social revolution that will then lead to [blank_start]communism[blank_end], where there is no private property or bourgeoisie, where the state controls the society and everyone has an equal place.
- Aindustrial armies
- Bcommunism
51According to Marx in the Communist Manifesto, what would happen under communism?
- Aabolishment of private property
- Bexploitation of the worker is no longer possible, because the surplus value produced by the worker is not appropriated or siphoned off by an individual owner, and is instead distributed among the workers themselves
- Calienation is ended, as the worker as a part owner can direct the production process and maintain control over the products she creates, no longer estranged from herself and the species being
- Dthe competition for profit that characterizes bourgeois capitalism is brought to a close and, with it, recurring economic crises
- Esociety would fall apart and be plagued with chaos and disorder
52The things Marx and Engels want to happen under communism are to make society as equal as possible.
- ATrue
- BFalse
53Enlightenment questions:
- Areligious institutions
- Bpolitical establishment
- Cmonarchy
- Dexplanations based on religious theology
54What was the main term used during the Enlightenment?
- Alogic
- Bempiricism
- CGod
- Dreason
55[blank_start]Auguste Comte[blank_end] coined the term sociology.
- AAuguste Comte
56The Industrial Revolution:
- Aoccurred during the late 1700s
- Bbegan in England
- Cled to urbanization
- Dincluded mass production by machinery
- Eall of the above
57In the navigation of society, the [blank_start]individual[blank_end] is at the center. The [blank_start]state[blank_end] has enormous power over individuals. The [blank_start]economy[blank_end] is where we exchange the things produced in society. [blank_start]Religion[blank_end] is a central powerful force for good or bad. The [blank_start]stratification system[blank_end] layers social classes.
- Aindividual
- Bstate
- Ceconomy
- Dreligion
- Estratification system
- Fstate
- Gindividual
- Heconomy
- Ireligion
- Jstratification system
- Keconomy
- Lindividual
- Mstate
- Nreligion
- Ostratification system
- PReligion
- Qindividual
- Rstate
- Seconomy
- Tstratification system
- Ustratification system
- Vindividual
- Wstate
- Xreligion
- Yeconomy
58In the question of order and action, the best societies probably have a little bit of both.
- ATrue
- BFalse
59[blank_start]Human agency[blank_end] is our ability to rise above social structure.
- AHuman agency
60The French Revolution occurred in:
- A1789
- B1689
- C1589
- D1889
61Marx's "scientific prophecy" in the Manifesto:
- Adetails the downfall of the capitalist class and the rise of the proletariat
- Bis a theory of social change
- Cpredicts the social relations of production will become an obstacle to the continued development of the means of production
- Dpredicts an epidemic of under-production
62What are the truly revolutionary classes?
- Aproletariat
- Bcommunists
- Cbourgeoisie
- Dproletariat and communists
- Eproletariat and bourgeoisie
63[blank_start]Economic determinism[blank_end] is a theory suggesting that economic forces determine, shape, and define all political, social, cultural, intellectual, and technological aspects of a civilization.
- AEconomic determinism
64Marx saw [blank_start]religion[blank_end] as the "opium of the people," and predicted it would one day die out.
- Areligion
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- Introduction to Sociological Theory Quiz on Study Guide for TEST 1, created by Suzette Guerrero on 14/09/2016.
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- Suzette Guerrero
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