Before chapter 11 (first chapter)

Early civilizations to C. 1000 BCE

MesopotamiaEgypt-Palestine and religion of israelites-Semitic speakers - along with most of Mesopotamia, including babylonians, assyrians, arabs-credited with first monotheistic religion

The Greeks

•Crete and Minoans•Mycenaeans - Agamemnon, Achilles, and Odysseus•Bronze Age, Troy war•olives and olive oil, grapes, wine pottery•Trojan war - about food and trade, not women

Athens and Golden age•polis (city state) and development of democracy only men 30+ Natural citizens (parents had to be residents when born) Could NOT be slave Had to be able to provide own military equipment We inherited from Athens : art and architecture, music, science, philosophy, theatre, Olympics 

Alexander The Great (356-323 BCE)

•Hellenistic age - spread of Greek culture beyond Mediterranean basis•empire not on basis of ethnic or tribal differences•synchromtism- blend of multiple religion (language, culture)

Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)

•Athens democracy, 508 BCE• Romes Republic, 509 BCE• Rome Vs Carthage (2nd Punic war 220-201 BCE)•Romes Mastery of Mediterranean by end of 1st century BCE

•Spread of Christianity•Latin based (western)•trade based empire•people stay in empire if they have more economic advantages •they leave if they're not•Most mistreated people (women and slaves) passed on Christianity (when reformed)   -had to learn how to live with them (legalize religion) •400 CE Romes official religion was Christianity (Theodisius was ruler) 

Rome (27 BCE -476 CE)

•laws•architecture and engineering•tradition of representative govt.• expansion of Christianity

Invasions

•Germans invaded Rome to run away from the Huns   -romans made and broke treaties   - Germany then rose up and rebelled•Muslims conquered Spain (visigoths) in 711•Franks were Germans•in 768 French/Franks and papassy made connection   -when he needs protection, he sends for the help of the leader (at the time Charlamagne)   -theory of two swords•when emperor died, the heir(s) get land but split that land if more than 1 heir

• 3 fields for different crops