Chapter 5: Notes socio

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LO 1

Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources such as wealth, prestige, and power

Social stratification refers to socially sanctioned patterns of social inequality that persist in society and are based on distinguishable attributes such as race, age, gender, income, and occupation

In a closed system of startification, there is little to no movement between social rankings

Slavery is the lowest possible postition in a closed system of stratification

The upper Canada abolition act of 1793 freed slaves who entered upper Canada

Closed system of startification is the caste system --- which is based solely on inherited social standing

Remain fixed throughout their lives

Open is another form which it is possible to move from one level to another

An example is the class system

A social class is a group whose membership is based on economic measures

In a class system individuals are born into a social class, but it is possible for them to move into higher or lower social classes

Social mobility refers to movement within and between social classes in a stratification system

Intragenerational mobility refers to changes in social class that occur within a person's lifetime

Socioeconomic status refers to social standing based on a combined measure of education, income, and occupation

Intergenerational mobility refers to changes in the social class of children relative to their parents

Demonstrates that social position can be acheived through individual merit

LO 2

Financial wealth corresponds to economic assets derived from income, real estate, savings, income-generating investements

Information on Canadian's income is drawn from revenue Canada tax returns and statsCan surveys

The median yearly income in Canada is arounf 70,000 --- known as middle class

LO 3

20 percent of the family earners in canada are considered the high class

share a disproortionate amount of canada's overall wealth

canada's richest are at 1%

Less than 1 percent make up the ultra rich --- called the capitalist class

have salaried pension with benefits

Freedom, power, and authority over others

20 percent of population can be considered middle class

Upper middle class earns from 80,000 to 100,000

lower middle class earn 41,000 to 58,000

middle class includes teachers and social workers etc..

shrinking middle class refers to the growing inequality in Canada

Middle class incomes are shrinking as a result of the loss of many full-time jobs in areas such as construction and manufacturing

little job security and minimal benefits

low class: poor is 20% of the population and earn less than 41, 000

Earning minimum wage or slightly more

referred to as the working poor

unskilled labour

low class also includes canada's impoverished

Highest median family incomes are in ottawa, calgary, edmonton, and regina

Alberta has the most pronounced gap between the wealthy and the poor

lower median families and less social inequality is in New brunswick, Nova scotia, Prince edward island, and newfoundland and labradour

Cost of living s average prices for essential goods and services such as food, housing, ransportation, and health care

Net worth refers to the dollar value of all financial assets after liabilities are subtracted

Researcher's rely on statistics Canada's low-income cutoff as an indicator of poverty

Low income cutoff refers to an annual family incoe value in dollars below which a family is considerabley worse off than the average family due to the high proportion of income allocated to food, clothing, and shelter

Largest concetntartuons of families with incomes below the LICO in the larger areas of vancouver toronto and montreal

female lone parents, recent immigrants, people with disabilities, and aboriginal people are at greatest risk for poverty

8.5 children live in low-income families

alberta has greatest amount of female lone parent families

bare minimum is given for maternity and parental leave beneifts

Educational attainment is a significant eterminant of future employment

most extreme hardship of poverty is homelessness

homelessness cn be succintly defined as a sate in which a person is unable to secure a permanent residence