Test
Observational methods 1
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Preguntas del test (45)
1Observational methods are a recent innovation in human research
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2Observational research is typically:
- ADescriptive
- BExploratory
- CExplanatory
- DCorrelational
- EIndirect
3Observational research mostly investigates what kind of behaviour?
- AVisible
- BInvisible
- CRare
- DAmbiguous
4Observational research focuses on:
- AGenerating hypotheses
- BTesting hypotheses
- CRefining hypotheses
5What are some strengths of Observational research?
- AVery flexible
- BStrong validity
- CHigh generalisability
- DHard to replicate
- EObserver effects
6What are some limitations of Observational research?
- AIssues of generalisability
- BHard to replicate
- CParticipants may not be as random as in experiments
- DIssues of representativeness of the target population
- EObserver effects
- FInflexible
- GLow validity
7Self reports may:
- ALack precision
- BLack detail
- CBe consciously biased
- DBe unconsciously biased
- EGet lost
- FBe misinterpreted
8[blank_start]Observation[blank_end] is more accurate than [blank_start]self-report[blank_end]
- AObservation
- Bself-report
9What are some problems with interviews?
- ARecall error
- BSocial desirability bias
- CQuestions could be biased towards cultural expectations
- DLack of detail
- ELack of precision
10Observational research provide data that are:
- AAccurate
- BObjective
- CComplete
- DDirect
- EIndirect
- FSubjective
- GBiased
11Scientific observation is made:
- AUnder loosely-defined conditions
- BSystematically
- CObjectively
- DWith careful record-keeping
12Observational research can be conducted in:
- AThe lab
- BNatural surroundings
13What are methods of observation WITHOUT intervention?
- ANaturalistic observation
- BPhysical traces
- CArchival data
- DDisguised observation
- EUndisguised observation
14What are methods of observation WITH intervention?
- ANaturalistic observation
- BPhysical traces
- CArchival data
- DDisguised observation
- EUndisguised observation
15What differentiates scientific observation from non-scientific observation?
- ADefined conditions
- BPrecision
- CHypotheses
- DThe research question
16What are some advantages of Naturalistic observation?
- AHigh ecological validity
- BShows how subjects normally behave
- CMore ethical
- DHigh experimental control
- EInsight into private behaviours
17What are some disadvantages of Naturalistic observation?
- AInteresting behaviours might happen infrequently
- BSome events don't happen in public
- CHard to examine processes during observation
- DNo control over the situation
- ELow ecological validity
- FVery obstrusive
18What are physical traces?
- AEvidence of past behaviour
- BInferences into physiological state
- CData mining
19Which of these is an example of physical traces?
- ASearching peoples' rubbish for physical traces
- BHiding inside a parked car to measure drivers' speed without their awareness
- CWoolworths using loyalty program data to assess risk of insurance customers
20Which of these is NOT an example of observation via physical traces?
- AWorking out the relative popularity of exhibits in a museum via how worn the floor tiles are
- BWorking out the readership of various advertisements in a magazine via number of different fingerprints on a page
- CEstimating the share of listening audience of various radio stations via position of radio dials in cars being serviced
- DAssess affluence of customers via age and condition of cars in a carpark
- EExamine browsing and usage behaviour by using internet cookies
- FWorking out the most popular stores in a shopping centre via the relative walking speed of customers passing each storefront
21What is archival data?
- ADigital traces
- BPhysical traces
- CObservation of online behaviour
- DHistorical records
22What issues do you have to consider in observation research?
- AEcological validity
- BHow easy it will be to explain the observations
- CInfluence of the observer on the situation
- DInternal validity
- ECausality
23Which type of observational research involves experimental manipulation?
- ANone; observational research by definition does not involve experimental manipulation
- BObservation with intervention
- CObservation without intervention
- DPhysical traces
- EArchival data
24In Observation with intervention, the role of the observer is to:
- APrime social desirability considerations
- BTrigger the behaviour
- CProvide debriefing
- DSuppress illegal activities
25What are some advantages of observation with intervention?
- ACan cause infrequent events to occur
- BCan investigate the limits of an ability
- CCan observe normally private events
- DCan observe normally public events
- ELow ecological validity
26How does intervention allow control?
- AAllows you to compare different groups
- BCan assign conditions to people
- CAllows repeated observation of the same behaviour
- DAllows for stratified sampling
- EHigher control of extraneous variables
27What is true of Disguised observation?
- AInvolves intervention
- BResearcher infiltrates group they're observing
- CPretend to be one of your participants
- DMore ethical
- EPotentially dangerous
28What are some ethical issues of disguised observation?
- ADeception
- BGroup members will treat researcher as one of their own
- CObserver may unwittingly adopt the group's attitude
- DIs not technically human research
29What is true of the North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center Large-Scale Naturalistic Data Collection project?
- ACandid-camera type surey
- BInvestigated primary driving behaviours
- CBehaviour was hugely impacted by the presence of the camera
- DUsed continuous sampling
- EHad to code all the behaviours
- FUndisguised observation
- GDisguised observation
30Which of the following are examples of Disguised observation?
- ANellie Bly pretending to be a patient in an insane asylum
- BBandura's Bobo doll experiment
- CRosenhan pretneding to be a patient in an insane asylum
- DNorth Carolina Highway Safety project
- EUniversity of Arizona Garbage Project
31What are some advantages of special coding software?
- AShows time spent on each behaviour
- BShows transitions from one behaviour to another
- CMuch easier to code
- DAutomated coding using motion tracking
- EInbuilt facial recognition software
32The method of sampling affects the data:
- ARepresentativeness
- BEcological validity
- CQuality
- DCollection method
33What is true of Continuous sampling?
- ACode all behaviour that happens within a specific time frame
- BProcesses the stream of activities/behaviours
- CProvides a complete account of all behaviour
- DShows order of behaviours
- EIncludes instantaneous sampling
34What are some strengths of Continuous sampling?
- AWill likely have high ecological validity
- BGives precise info on behavioural transitions
- CProvides a complete account of all behaviour
- DEasy to code
- ECan require intensive training
35What are some weaknesses of Continuous sampling?
- AVery demanding to code
- BCan require intensive training
- CLow ecological validity
- DIssues of representativeness
36What is true of time sampling?
- ADecide on specific intervals in advance
- BOnly record behaviours outside of the interval if they are especially noteworthy
- CIncludes Instantaneous sampling
- Deg school zone hours
37What is true of Instantaneous sampling?
- AAka target time sampling
- BInterval is a precise moment
- CAll behaviours/activities before and after the moment are lower priority
- Deg school zone hours
- Eeg the moment the traffic lights turn green
38What is event sampling?
- AOnly code behaviours/activities of interest
- BOnly record behaviours/activities within a predetermined time interval
- CRecord ALL behaviours/activities within a specific time frame
- DStudy behaviour at different locations and under different circumstances and conditions
39What is a strength of Event sampling?
- AFocuses on rare events
- BHigh ecological validity
- CHighly generalisable
- DProvides precise info on behaviour transitions
40What is a weakness of event sampling?
- AMight not generalise
- BNone of these
- CMay miss rare events
41What are some examples of event sampling?
- ACoding distracting activities that are secondary to primary driving behaviours
- BCoding just the first cars that took off after the traffic lights, in a school zone
- CCoding the speed of all cars after a traffic light
- DCoding the speed of all cars after a traffic light, every 10 minutes
42Situation sampling studies behaviour at different:
- ALocations
- BCircumstances
- CConditions
- DIntensities
- EApproaches
43What are some examples of situation sampling?
- AMeasuring speeding in morning vs afternoon school zones
- BMeasuring speeding at schools in different SES suburbs
- CMeasuring speeding at school zones with different preceding speed limits
- DMeasuring speeding for truckies vs P-platers vs L-platers
- EMeasuring speeding in morning school zones
- FMeasuring the number of speeding cars in 3 hour's worth of footage
44What are some strengths of situation sampling?
- AEnhances external validity
- BLikely to have high ecological validity
- CProvides precise info on behaviour transitions
- DFocuses on rare events
45What is a weakness of situation sampling?
- AMay be expensive to do
- BLow validity
- CIssues of generalisability
- DIssues of representativeness
Información
- Descripción
- Research methodology Test sobre Observational methods 1, creado por Jennifer Khouw el 08/11/2018.
- Autor
- Jennifer Khouw
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 5
- Historial
- Creado el 8 nov 2018 · actualizado el 8 nov 2018
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test