The primary life support function of the larynx

Production of chemicals that help break down food

Controlling air exchange during laughter

Vibrating for the production of vocal sounds for communication

The primary speech production function of the larynx is

vibrating for the production of vocal sounds for communication

production of chemicals that help break down food

controlling air exchange during laughter

The role of the nervous system

mediate between the body and its environment

generate and control voluntary movements

control involuntary activities such as blood pressure changes and digestion

The cortical right hemisphere is largely responsible for

short-term temporal processing of speech segments

Test

A&P study guide

Cayla M 200 preguntas

Hacer el test

Preguntas del test (200)

1The primary life support function of the larynx
1. AProduction of chemicals that help break down food
2. BWarming of air to the lungs
3. CControlling air exchange during laughter
4. DVibrating for the production of vocal sounds for communication
5. EProtection of the airway
2The primary speech production function of the larynx is
1. Aproduction of chemicals that help break down food
2. Bwarming of air to the lungs
3. Ccontrolling air exchange during laughter
4. Dvibrating for the production of vocal sounds for communication
5. Eprotection of the airway
3The structural foundation of the larynx is primarily cartilaginous. The cartilage which forms the rostral-most tracheal ring
1. Aepiglottis
2. Bthyroid
3. Carytenoid
4. Dhyoid
5. Ecricoid
4The leaf- like cartilage which probably serves a protective purpose by folding back during swallowing is
1. Aepiglottis
2. Bthyroid
3. Carytenoid
4. Dhyoid
5. Ecricoid
5The shield- like cartilage which forms the "Adam's Apple" is the
1. Aepiglottis
2. Bthyroid
3. Carytenoid
4. Dhyoid
5. Ecricoid
6The paired cartilages which provide the posterior attachment of the vocal folds are the
1. Aepiglottis
2. Bthyroid
3. Carytenoid
4. Dhyoid
5. Ecricoid
7The one important bone is the larynx is
1. Aepiglottis
2. Bthyroid
3. Carytenoid
4. Dhyoid
5. Ecricoid
8Of the major groups of laryngeal muscles that we've studied, which ones all, as a group, attach to the laryngeal bone?
1. Acervical muscles
2. Bsupplemental muscles
3. Cextrinsic muscles
4. Dintrinsic muscles
5. Einherent muscles
9Rotation around a dorsal- ventral axis is called
1. Atranslation
2. Broll
3. Cpitch
4. Dpermutation
5. Eyaw
10Movement ALONG an axis (in contrast to rotation around the axis) is called
1. Atranslation
2. Broll
3. Cpitch
4. Dpermutation
5. Eyaw

11The laryngeal joint which is most involved in the vocal fold adduction and abduction is
1. Acrico- epiglottic
2. Bcrico-thyroid
3. Ccrico- tracheal
4. Dcrico-arytenoid
5. Ethro-epiglottic
12The laryngeal joint which is most closely related to vocal fold tension ( because movement of these cartilages frming the joint stretches the vocal folds) is the
1. Acrico- epiglottic
2. Bcrico-thyroid
3. Ccrico-tracheal
4. Dcrico-arytenoid
5. Ethro- epiglottic
13This joint (in the question above ) involves rotation around a dextral- sinistrial axis, and would therefore best be described as
1. Ayaw
2. Bpitch
3. Croll
4. Dtranslation
5. Egliding
14In a coronal section of the larynx, the space immediately above the vocal folds, which separates the vocal folds from the ventricular folds ( or "false vocal folds")
1. Alaryngeal ventricle
2. Bblack foramen
3. Ccuneiform space
4. Dglottis
5. Eaditus
15But the space between the vocal folds themselves is called the
1. Alaryngeal ventricle
2. Bblack foramen
3. Ccuneiform space
4. Dglottis
5. Eaditus
16The point at which the vocal folds come together on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid angle is called
1. Aanterior commissure
2. Bposterior commissure
3. Cglottis
4. Depiglottic juncture
5. Ecrico-arytenoid joint
17Forms the body of the vocal folds
1. Athyro-arytenoid
2. Bcrico-thyroid
3. Clateral crico-arytenoid
4. Dposterior crico-arytenoid
5. Einterarytenoid
18The only vocal fold abductor
1. Athyro-arytenoid
2. Bcrico-thyroid
3. Clateral crico- arytenoid
4. Dposterior crico-arytenoid
5. Einterarytenoid
19The lateral- most vocal fold adductor
1. Athyro-arytenoid
2. Bcrico-thyroid
3. Clateral crico- arytenoid
4. Dposterior crico-arytenoid
5. Einterarytenoid
20The role of the nervous system
1. Amediate between the body and its environment
2. Bgenerate and control voluntary movements
3. Ccontrol involuntary activities such as blood pressure changes and digestion
4. Dall of the above
21The components of the central nervous system are
1. Abrain
2. Bcranial nerves
3. Cspinal chord
4. DA&B
5. EA&C
22The components of the peripheral nervous system are
1. Abrain
2. Bspinal nerves
3. Ccranial nerves
4. DA&D
5. EB&C
23The part of the nervous system which governs involuntary, vegetative functions, such as digestive function and regulation of blood pressure, is the
1. Aautonomic NS
2. Bautomatic NS
3. Cperipheral NS
4. Dsomatic NS
5. Ecoordinative NS
24In nearly all people speech and language processing occur in
1. Athe cortical left hemisphere
2. Bthe cerebellum
3. Cthe cortical right hemisphere
4. Dthe thalamus
5. EHeschl's gyrus
25The cortical right hemisphere is largely responsible for
1. Aspatial processing
2. Bmelodic contour processing
3. Cshort-term temporal processing of speech segments
4. Dboth A&B
5. Eboth A&C
26The afferent nerves would be
1. ASomatic
2. BMotor
3. CReflexive
4. DSensory
5. ECortico -bulbar
27Efferent nerves would be
1. Asomatic
2. Bmotor
3. Creflexive
4. Dsensory
5. Ecortico-bulbar
28Which lobe allows you to hear the guests sing "happy birthday"
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
29Which lobe allows you to hear the guests sing "happy birthday"
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
30Which lobe helps you pucker your lips to blow out birthday candles
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
31Which lobe allows you to feel the heat from the candles as you bend your head over the cake
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
32Which lobe allows you to see the light from the candles flickering
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
33Which lobe allows you to mentally anticipate the pleasure of eating the birthday cake with ice cream
1. AOccipital
2. BTemporal
3. CLimbic
4. DParietal
5. EFrontal
34The cortical area of the superior-posterior temporal lobe which is the major site of speech comprehension is
1. AHeschl's gyrus
2. BWernicke's area
3. CBroca's area
4. Dthe angular gyrus
5. EBrodmann's area
35The cortical area of the frontal lobe, that when damaged, produces non-fluent aphasia (and often apraxia) is
1. AHeschl’s gyrus
2. BWernicke’s area
3. CBroca’s area
4. DThe angular gyrus
5. EBrodmann’s area
36The primary cortical auditory reception area is also known as
1. AHeschl’s gyrus
2. BWernicke’s area
3. CBroca’s area
4. DThe angular gyrus
5. EBrodmann’s area
37Between the cortex and peripheral nerves lie several subcortical neural structures. A subcortical structure largely involved in motor control, which inhibits excessive movement and maintains background muscle tone, is the
1. Athalamus
2. Bfrontal lobe
3. Cbrainstem
4. Dbasal ganglia
5. Ecerebellum
38A subcortical structure which serves as a sensory relay station is the
1. Athalamus
2. Bfrontal lobe
3. Cbrainstem
4. Dbasal ganglia
5. Ecerebellum
39That subcortical structure which regulates hunger and sexual desire (but doesn't have much to do with speech production) is the
1. Athalamus
2. Bbasal ganglia
3. Ccerebellum
4. Dhypothalamus
5. Ecorpus callosum
40That non-cortical neural structure which is especially related to balance and coordination is
1. Athalamus
2. Bbasal ganglia
3. Ccerebellum
4. Dhypothalamus
5. Ecorpus callosum
41Damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe is most likely to cause what type of SPEECH disorder?
1. Adyarthria
2. Bapraxia
3. Cfluent aphasia
4. Dagraphia
5. Ealexia
42Damage to subcortical structures, to the cerebellum, or to peripheral nerves, is likely to cause what type of SPEECH disorder ?
1. Adyarthria
2. Bapraxia
3. Cfluent aphasia
4. Dagraphia
5. Ealexia
43Damage to the superior-posterior temporal lobe of the cortex is likely to cause what type of LANGUAGE disorder?
1. Adyarthria
2. Bapraxia
3. Cfluent aphasia
4. Dagraphia
5. Ealexia
44Among the various groups of peripheral nerves, the ones we consider most important specifically for speech and swallowing are the
1. Acranial nerves
2. Bcervical nerves
3. Cthoracic nerves
4. Dlumbar nerves
5. Esacral nerves
45You open your jaw to bite some chocolate cake
1. AV-trigeminal
2. BVII- facial
3. CIX- glossopharyngeal
4. DX-vagus
5. EXII- hypoglossal
46You lick some icing from your lip with your tongue
1. AV- trigeminal
2. BVII-facial
3. CIX-glossopharyngeal
4. DX- vagus
5. EXII- hypoglossal
47You smile with pleasure, using lips and cheek
1. AV- trigeminal
2. BVII-facial
3. CIX-glossopharyngeal
4. DX- vagus
5. EXII- hypoglossal
48You lift your soft palate when you swallow
1. AV- trigeminal
2. BVII-facial
3. CIX-glossopharyngeal
4. DX- vagus
5. EXII- hypoglossal
49You phonate "Yummmm" with your vocal folds
1. AV- trigeminal
2. BVII-facial
3. CIX-glossopharyngeal
4. DX- vagus
5. EXII- hypoglossal
50Which cranial nerve allows you to hear your friends singing "Happy Birthday"?
1. AV
2. BVII
3. CVIII
4. DX
5. EXII
51Spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, and are divided into 5 sections. Which of the following is NOT on of the 5 named groups of spinal nerves?
1. Acerebellar
2. Bcervical
3. Cthoracic
4. Dlumbar
5. Esacral
52The primary functional unit of muscle control is the motor unit, which is made up of
1. Aactin and myosin fibers
2. Ball the fascicles of any given muscle belly
3. Ca given motor neuron and all the muscle bellies to which it attaches
4. Da motor neuron and all the dendrites which bring the information to the neuron soma
5. Ea motor neuron and all the muscle fibers to which it attaches
53Active neural stimulation of a muscle may produce
1. Acontraction and shortening only
2. Bstretching and lengthening only
3. Ccontraction or stretching in different circumstances
4. Disotonic contraction only
5. Efast twitch responses only
54We can refer to the respiratory system as a "redundant system " because
1. Adifferent people breathe in different ways
2. Bwe have more than one lung in which to hold air
3. Csimilar lung volume manipulations may be accomplished through multiple, different patterns of muscle contraction
4. Dwe breathe in more than one type of atmospheric gas
5. Ewe breathe differently for life and speech
55What does REL stand for?
1. AReal Exciting Life
2. BRelative Expiratory Lung-Exchange
3. CResting Expiratory Level
4. DRespiratory Elevation Levels
5. ERespiratory Exertion Level
56At what percent of vital capacity does REL normally occur, in the upright position?
1. A10%
2. B20%
3. C40%
4. D60%
5. E80%
57What is the usual air pressure in the lungs at REL?
1. A0 cm H2O
2. B-20 cm H2O
3. C+20 cm H2O
4. D+60 cm H2O
5. E+80cm H2O
58Which of the following represent(s) active force in the respiratory system?
1. Atissue elasticity
2. Bsurface tension in the alveoli
3. Cgravity
4. Ddiaphragmatic muscle contraction
5. EA,B,C together (but not D)
59Which of the following represent(s) passive or "relaxation" force in the respiratory system?
1. Atissue elasticity
2. Bsurface tension in alveoli
3. Cgravity
4. Ddiaphragmatic muscle contraction
5. EA,B,C together (but not D)
60What's a typical adult vital capacity ( in liters and/ or cc's)
1. Aabout 0.5 liters
2. Babout 1 liter
3. Cabout 2-3 liters
4. Dabout 4-5 liters
5. Eabout 8 liters
61If atmospheric pressure is considered 0 cm H2O, then any alveolar pressure which pulls air into the lungs must be
1. Apositive re: pressure
2. Bneutral re: atmosphere
3. Cequal to atmospheric pressure
4. Dnegative re: pressure
5. Efluctuating around atmospheric pressure
62If atmospheric pressure is considered 0 cm H2O, then any alveolar pressure which pushes air out of the lungs must be
1. Apositive re: pressure
2. Bneutral re: atmosphere
3. Cequal to atmospheric pressure
4. Dnegative re: pressure
5. Efluctuating around atmospheric pressure
63In % VC about how far do we inspire before a conversational utterance?
1. Aabout 10% VC
2. Babout 38% VC
3. Cabout 55-60% VC
4. Dabout 80% VC
5. Eabout 95% VC
64The reason we inspire to the point that we do prior to speaking is because
1. Amuscles work better at particular levels of VC
2. Bwe can better control passive forces at particular levels of VC
3. Cwe need to contract inspiratory muscles a certain degree before we can speak
4. Dwe need a certain amount of torque in costal cartilages in order to speak
5. Ewe match the relaxation pressures which meet our target alveolar pressure for speech ( and help us get started with minimal muscle force)
65To produce a LOUD utterance in most natural speech , we inspire
1. Ato a higher percent VC than for conversational utterance
2. Bto about the same percent VC as for conversational utterance
3. Cto a lower percent VC than for conversational utterance
4. Dto a variable VC level depending on the available supplementary muscle force
5. Eto a variable VC level depending on the checking action required
66The goal of the respiratory system for life support is
1. Ato exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide in order to maintain nutrient metabolism
2. Bprevent the thorax from collapsing from atmospheric pressure
3. Cto produce negative pressure that facilitates mucus inhalation
4. Dto maintain a constant positive alveolar (subglottal pressure)
5. Eto facilitate relaxation required for efficient brain blood flow
67The goal of the respiratory system for speech production is
1. Ato exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide in order to maintain nutrient metabolism
2. Bprevent the thorax from collapsing from atmospheric pressure
3. Cto produce negative pressure that facilitates mucus inhalation
4. Dto maintain a constant positive alveolar (subglottal pressure)
5. Eto facilitate relaxation required for efficient brain blood flow
68What's a common "target" subglottal (alveolar) pressure (Ps) for conversational speech?
1. Aabout 0.1 cm H2O
2. Babout 0.5 cm H2O
3. Cabout 1-2 cm H2O
4. Dabout 7-10 cm H2O
5. Eabout 20 cm H2O
69Contraction of inspiratory muscles will always produce what sort of alveolar pressure?
1. Apositive
2. Bnegative
3. Cdifferent pressure depending on whether they are neck, back, or intercostal muscles
4. Dinspiratory muscles do not affect alveolar pressure
5. Edifferent pressure depending on posture
70Contraction of expiratory muscles will always produce what sort of alveolar pressure?
1. Apositive
2. Bnegative
3. Cdifferent pressure depending on whether they are neck, back, or intercostal muscles
4. Dinspiratory muscles do not affect alveolar pressure
5. Edifferent pressure depending on posture
71If passive forces are giving you more pressure that your target pressure for speech, then we encounter these forces using :
1. Asupplemental pressure
2. Brelaxation pressure
3. Credundancy
4. Dpostural adjustment
5. Echecking action
72If passive forces are giving you less pressure than your target pressure for speech, then we counter these forces using :
1. Asupplemental pressure
2. Brelaxation pressure
3. Credundancy
4. Dpostural adjustment
5. Echecking action
73During speech, our expiratory end level is often about REL, but not always, The reason we may stop speech at a lung volume different from REL is:
1. AWe cannot quickly alter muscle contraction patterns
2. BSpeech production inhibits airflow
3. CLinguistic considerations take precedence over physiologic efficiency
4. DOur posture when speaking may alter breathing patterns
5. ESpeech interfered with sensory sensation of lung volume changes
74About what proportion of time is spent inspiring and expiring during speech breathing?
1. A10% inspiration, 90% expiration
2. B30% inspiration, 70% expiration
3. C50% inspiration , 50% expiration
4. D75% inspiration, 25% expiration
5. E80% inspiration, 20% expiration
75Tidal breathing and speech breathing may differ in terms of the relative proportions of the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breathing cycle. Another feature to contrast is the way respiratory volume is manipulated. Specifically...
1. Aspeech utterances tend to start at a lower VC level as tidal inspiration
2. Bspeech utterances tend to start at about the same VC level as tidal inspiration
3. Call speech utterances occur between REL
4. Dspeech utterances never go below REL
5. Espeech utterances tend to start at 10-15% higher that tidal inspiration
76You are having a quiet romantic evening with honey- bunch. You want to whisper into sweetum's ear, but being close to sweetie-pie gets you so excited that you take a very deep breath ( say, to about 80% VC). You don't want to wreck the atmosphere by shouting, so in order to "speak low when you speak love" (to quote an old song) you must use
1. Aresting expiration
2. Bchecking action
3. Csupplemental muscle force
4. Dalveolar surface tension
5. Epleural linkage
77Concerning the use of (active) muscle force for speech respiration, which of the following statements is true?
1. Aspeech inspiration is passive, but expiration is active
2. Bspeech inspiration is active, but expiration is passive
3. Cboth inspiration and expiration for speech are passive
4. Dboth inspiration and expiration for speech are active
5. Espeech expiration is only active for unusually loud utterances
78Concerning the use of abdominal muscles(specifically) for speech production, which of the following statements is true?
1. Aabdominal muscles are rarely active during speech production
2. Babdominal muscles are active only at the very ends of speech utterances
3. Cabdominal muscles are only active at the very start of speech utterances
4. Dabdominal muscles are inly active when checking action is required
5. Eabdominal muscles are usually continuously active during speech production
79If it is the case that you might use some thoracic inspiratory muscle to help provide checking action, what particular muscle might you likely use?
1. Ainternal intercostal
2. Bexternal intercostal
3. Crectus abdominis
4. Dscalene
5. Eserratus posterior inferior
80The research on the spinal cord injury (SPI) summarized in your class notes suggests that SPI patients begin and end utterances
1. Aat lower lung volumes (% VC) than normal speakers
2. Bat the same lung volumes as normal speakers
3. Cat higher lung volumes than normal speakers
4. Dat more varied lung volumes than normal speakers
5. Eat less varied lung volumes than normal speakers
81The research on spinal chord injury summarized in the class notes suggests that SPI patients use breath groups that
1. Ahave fewer syllables than normal speakers
2. Bhave more syllables than normal speakers
3. Chave about the same syllables as normal speakers
4. Dare substantially longer than breath groups of normal speakers
5. Eare substantially louder than breath groups of normal speakers
82In the clinical scenario of your text, the patient's therapy included fitting an abdominal truss. What do you suppose the purpose of such a truss would be (spinal chord injury)
1. Ato provide postural support
2. Bto compensate for loss of abdominal muscle compression
3. Cto help keep the diaphragm aligned
4. Dto prevent back pain
5. Eto push the rib cage up as a means of facilitating inspiration
83A motor unit is composed of one neuron and all the _________ to which it connects
1. Amuscle bellies
2. Bactin filaments
3. Cfascicles
4. Dmyosin filaments
5. Emuscle fibers
84There are three types of muscle tissue in the body. The type that contributes to voluntary processes like speech production is
1. Afascicular
2. Bsmooth
3. Cstriated
4. Dcardiac
5. Efibrous
85Muscles have three primary levels of embedded anatomic organization (smaller anatomic units embedded in larger anatomic units). From largest to smallest, the three major divisions of muscle tissue are:
1. Afascicle, myofibril, filament
2. Bsmoothest, striated, cardiac
3. Cactin, myosin, sarcomeric
4. Dmuscle belly, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber
5. Emyofibril, sarcomere, fascicle
86There are several types of muscle contraction. The most common type, in which muscles shorten as they produce force, is
1. Aconcentric
2. Beccentric
3. Ccardiac
4. Disometric
5. Eisotropic
87Of the various muscle components, what are the names given to the protein filaments that slide against each other within sarcomeres, in order to produce muscle shortening?
1. Astriated & smooth filaments
2. Bactin & myosin filaments
3. Cfiber & fascicle filaments
4. Dtransverse & oblique filaments
5. Eeccentric & concentric filaments
88One expression of Boyle's Law is P*V=K. In words, this means
1. Apressure times volume equals flow
2. Bpressure times volume equals a constant
3. Cpressure and volume are inversely related
4. Dboth A&C
5. Eboth B& C
89If the volume of a syringe (or the thorax) decreases, then pressure in the syringe (or thorax) must:
1. Aincrease
2. Bdecrease
3. Cstay the same
4. Dfluctuate
5. Eexplode
90The respiratory system has two major components that we can manipulate to pull air into the lungs or push it out; thus, we say the system has two degrees of freedom. Those two major components are
1. Athorax & abdomen
2. Bribs & spinal column
3. Cpelvic girdle & pectoral girdle
4. Dbronchi & bronchioles
5. Evisceral plura & parietal plura
91The respiratory system is comprised of two lungs which both open to the atmosphere via a single primary tube commonly called the _________
1. Abronchus
2. Bpharynx
3. Calveoli
4. Dbronchiole
5. Etrachea
92The millions of small, spherical, bubble- like compartments at the "lowest" level of the respiratory passageways are called:
1. Abronchi
2. Bpharynges
3. Calveoli
4. Dbronchioles
5. Etrachea
93Inside the thorax, the lungs are surrounded by a membrane called the ________ _________, and the inner chest wall is covered by a membrane called the _______ _________.
1. Avisceral pleura, parietal pleura
2. Balveolar membrane, thoracic membrane
3. Cparietal pleura, visceral pleura
4. Dbronchial membrane, costal membrane
5. Epulmonary surfactant, thoracic surfactant
94The two membranes lining the lungs and thorax adhere to each other through a mechanism (involving negative pressure between the membranes ) called _________
1. Atendinous linkage
2. Balveolar vacuum
3. Cpulmonary surfactant
4. Dpleural linkage
5. Emechanical pleurae
95The most caudal bony girdle of the trunk contains the ilium and ischium, as well as the pubic symphysis. This is the
1. Aclavicular girdle
2. Bpectoral girdle
3. Cpelvic girdle
4. Dscapular girdle
5. Eabdominal girdle
96How many ribs are there?
1. A8
2. B10
3. C12
4. D14
5. E12 on one side , 10 on the other
97All ribs articulate dorsally with the spinal column. With which section of the spinal column do the ribs articulate.
1. Acoxal
2. Bthoracic
3. Cclavicular
4. Dcervical
5. Escapular
98What name do we give to the ribs that do NOT have a ventral attachment?
1. Afalse ribs
2. Bincomplete ribs
3. Cdetached ribs
4. Ddepleted ribs
5. Efloating ribs
99Rostral to the rib cage is the pectoral girdle. The bones making up this structure are the
1. Aischium & ilium
2. Bsacral & thoracic
3. Cclavicle & scapula
4. Dhumerus & radius
5. Esternum & coccyx
100The primary muscle of inspiration for all normally functioning people is the ______
1. Adiaphragm
2. Bsternocleidomastoid
3. Cserratus posterior superior
4. Dpectoralis minor
5. Epectoralis major
101The primary thoracic muscle of inspiration, located (according to its name ) "between the ribs " is the
1. Aexternal intercostal
2. Bsternocleidomastoid
3. Cinternal intercostal
4. Dserratus posterior superior
5. Ecostal elevator
102The chief thoracic muscle which is antagonistic to the inspiratory muscle in the question above is the
1. Aexternal intercostal
2. Bsternocleidomastoid
3. Cinternal intercostal
4. Dserratus posterior superior
5. Ecostal elevator
103Motor fibers which innervate the diaphragm are sometimes collectively called the phrenic nerve. These fibers come from the spinal nerves:
1. AC1-C8
2. BC3-C5
3. CC7-T5
4. DT1-T3
5. EL3-L5
104The motor supply to all the intercostal muscles is
1. AC3-C5
2. BT1-T11
3. CT1-T4
4. DT6-L1
5. EC6-C8
105The muscle which attaches on one end to bony process behind the ear, and on the other end to clavicle and scapula, and which is primarily a head- turning muscle, but which may also help lift the rib cage, is:
1. Aserratus anterior
2. Bsternocleidomastoid
3. Cexternal intercostal
4. Dscalene
5. Eserratus posterior superior
106Inspiratory muscles on the sides of the neck which run from transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C7 down to the first two ribs, and receive their motor supply from C2- C3 are ______
1. Aexternal intercostals
2. Bserratus posterior superior
3. Cinternal intercostal
4. Dtrapezius
5. Escalenes
107If we compare the muscles pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, the latter seems to have the better " mechanical advantage" for lifting the ribs for inspiration. The reason for this is :
1. Apec minor is larger and has more fibers
2. Bpec minor is vertically oriented and so the line of action matches the direction of lift
3. Cpec minor gets help from gravity
4. Dpec minor has a force arm that is longer than the force arm of pec major
5. Epec minor has more rib attachments than pec major
108There are three ventral- lateral abdominal muscles used in respiration. From most superficial to most deep they are:
1. Atransverse abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis
2. Binternal oblique abdominis, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis
3. Cexternal intercostals, internal intercostals, serratus anterior
4. Dexternal oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis , quadratus lumborum
5. Eexternal oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, transverse abdominis
109The segmented, ventral- medial abdominal muscle which compresses abdominal contents for expiration is______
1. Aserratus posterior inferior
2. Btransversus thoracics
3. Ctransverse abdominal
4. Drectus abdominis
5. Ecostal elevator
110The motor innervation for all the ventral abdominal muscles we use for breathing comes from (approximately) :
1. AT6-L1
2. BT1-T6
3. CC3-C5
4. DC1-C8
5. EL1-L5
111Sternocleidomastoid
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
112External oblique abdominis
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
113Costal Elevators
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
114Internal Intercostals
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
115External Intercostals
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
116Serratus anterior
1. AInspiratory
2. BExpiratory
117The term for biological function is
1. Acytology
2. Bcytonomy
3. Cphysiognomy
4. Dphysiology
5. Ephysiatry
118The term for biological structure is
1. Aconstitution
2. Bhistology
3. Ccytology
4. Dautonomy
5. Eanatomy
119In the sequence of the events that leads to speech production, neural signals stimulate
1. Amuscle contractions
2. Bfluid flow variations
3. Cthe perception of meaningful sound
4. Dkinematic sensations
5. Emovements of bones and cartilages and various tissues
120Air pressure variations arise from
1. Amuscle contractions
2. Bfluid flow variations
3. Cthe perception of meaningful sound
4. Dkinematic sensations
5. Emovements of bones and cartilages and various tissues
121Because of the way they use their muscles in their sport, swimmers are likely to have unusually well developed
1. Ashoulders
2. Babdominals
3. Ccalves
4. Dforearms
5. Ethighs
122A professional athlete with unusually well developed thighs and calves but notably narrow shoulders and arms is most likely to be a
1. Awrestler
2. Bfootball player
3. Cswimmer
4. Dlacrosse player
5. Ecyclist
123A uniform tube is one defined as having
1. Athe same material throughout it structure
2. Bthe same type of closure at both ends
3. Cthe same cross sectional area along its entire length
4. Dthe same resonant sound regardless of size
5. Ethe same texture along its entire length
124The formula for the resonant frequency of a uniform tube is
1. Af=L
2. Bf= 1/L
3. Cf > L
4. D1/f = 1/L
5. EL > f
125In words, the relationship between the resonant frequency ( the sound) of a uniform tube and its structure may be described as follows
1. Athe frequency is inversely proportional to the length of the tube
2. Bthe frequency is directly proportional to the length of the tube
3. Cthe frequency is directly proportional to the cross sectional area to the tube
4. Dthe frequency is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of the tube
5. Ethe frequency is directly related to the shape of the opening
126If you lengthen a uniform tube, the sound that will come out will
1. Anot change at all
2. Bgo up in frequency
3. Cgo down in frequency
4. Dchange in sound quality but not in frequency
5. Eonly change if cross- sectional area also changes
127Given a NON- uniform resonating tube with a large closed section of length L1 and area A1, and a small open section of length L2 and area A2, the frequency of the tube is INVERSELY proportional to
1. AL1
2. BL2
3. CA1
4. DA2
5. EA,B and C, but not D
128If you have a non-uniform tube in the form of a Helmholtz resonator, with a large closed section and a smaller open section, what will happen if you widen (increase the cross-sectional area) of the small open mouth?
1. Athe tone will go up in frequency
2. Bthe tone will go down in frequency
3. Cthe tone will not change
4. Dthe tone will get louder but frequency will not change
5. Ethe tone will get softer but frequency will not change
129If you have a non-uniform tube in the form of a Helmholtz resonator, with a large closed section and a smaller open section, what will happen if you expand the volume of the large closed section?
1. Athe tone will go up in frequency
2. Bthe tone will go down in frequency
3. Cthe tone will not change
4. Dthe tone will get louder but frequency will not change
5. Ethe tone will get softer but frequency will not change
1303 non-collinear points in the body's midline define a plane which divides the body into dextral and sinistral halves - what anatomical plane is this?
1. Asagittal
2. Bfrontal
3. Ccoronal
4. Dtransverse
5. Eoblique
131A plane which is normal (perpendicular) to the sagittal plane, but divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections is what?
1. Aaxial
2. Boblique
3. Cparasagittal
4. Dsagittal
5. Ecoronal
132Any plane that divides the rostral section of the body from a more caudal plane would be a what?
1. Acoronal plane
2. Bsagittal plane
3. Crostral- caudal plane
4. Dtransverse plane
5. Efrontal plane
133The sagittal plane and coronal plane intersect to form an axis - in which direction does that axis run?
1. Adextral-sinistral
2. Banterior- posterior
3. Cventral-dorsal
4. Drostral-caudal
5. Edistal- proximal
134The "appendicular skeleton" is that skeleton which is comprised of the what?
1. Ahead and neck
2. Bthe spinal column
3. Cskeletal components of the torso
4. Dskeletal components of the limbs
5. Eskeletal components of speech structures only
135An EMS technician finds a patient face-down in a ditch. she wants to convey to her colleagues that the worst damage seems to be "up" towards the patient's head. the best word for her to convey this direction, regardless of the patient's position, would be what?
1. Adorsal
2. Bventral
3. Crostral
4. Dlateral
5. Ecaudal
136If a patient has damage to a spinal nerve on the right side of the body, and as a consequence experiences numbness in the right hand, we would say that relative to the site of lesion, the symptoms are what?
1. Aipsilateral
2. Bperipheral
3. Csuperficial
4. Dcontralateral
5. Ecephlad
137If a patient has a stroke in the left motor cortex, and as a consequence experiences paresis in the right hand, we would say that relative to the site of lesion, the symptoms are what?
1. Aipsilateral
2. Bperipheral
3. Csuperficial
4. Dcontralateral
5. Ecephlad
138A lizard jumps onto your elbow and then runs up toward your shoulder. the best term to describe the movement of the lizard would be what?
1. Asuperficial
2. Bmedial
3. Cproximal
4. Ddistal
5. Esuperior
139We understand physiology through the study of quantities and units which allow us o measure physical processes - basic (fundamental) physical quantities are what?
1. Afeet, pounds, hours
2. Bdistance ,mass, time
3. Cvelocity, acceleration, force
4. Dpressure, flow, resistance
5. Etime, hope, despair
140Basic units in the cgs system are what?
1. Afeet, pounds, hours
2. Bmeters, kilograms, seconds
3. Cdecimeters, decigrams, centiseconds
4. Ddynes, Newtons, Pascals
5. Ecentimeters, grams, seconds
141time is important in the measurements of sound. there are 2 commonly used time measures of sound - one is number of times a pressure pattern repeats in one second and the other is the length of time to complete one cycle of pressure variation. these two are called what?
1. Afrequency & period
2. Bamplitude & intensity
3. Cfrequency & wavelength
4. Ddecibels & Hertz
5. Eflow units & resistance units
142Several derived quantities may be used in the study of speech. The quantity which indicates a push or a pull against a mass is
1. Apressure
2. Bforce
3. Cresistance
4. Dflow rate (or volume velocity)
5. Espeed (or velocity )
143Opposition to the flow of fluid is
1. Apressure
2. Bforce
3. Cresistance
4. Dflow rate ( or volume velocity)
5. Espeed (or velocity)
144Force over area is
1. Apressure
2. Bforce
3. Cresistance
4. Dflow rate (or volume velocity)
5. Espeed (or velocity)
145The quantity pressure is one of the most important for the description of speech production. There are many units used to measure pressure. Which of the following is NOT a measure of pressure?
1. Adynes/cm2
2. Bohms
3. Ccentimeters of water
4. Dnewtons/meter2
5. Emillimeters of mercury
146In the U.S., tire pressure is often measured in lbs/in2 (or pounds per square inch, often abbreviated psi). Which part of this units measure represents "force?"
1. Ainches
2. Bsquare inches
3. Cpounds
4. Dpounds/inches
5. Enone of the above
147The standard formula for Ohm's Law in mechanical system (P=U*R) means that pressure can only be established in any system if there is
1. Asome fluid flow
2. Bsome structural acceleration
3. Csome opposition to fluid flow
4. Dboth A&B
5. Eboth A&C
148A cleft lip/ palate will be addressed therapeutically first through
1. Apalate strengthening exercises
2. Beating specifically textured foods
3. Cintensive consonant correction speech exercises
4. Dsurgical repair
5. Edrug treatments that facilitate posy- natal palate growth
149After palatal clefts have been corrected through medical procedures
1. Athere is rarely any need for speech therapy
2. Bit's usually necessary to strengthen facial muscles
3. Cbehavioral speech therapy is usually necessary to correct inappropriate articulation patterns
4. Doccupational therapists usually do feeding therapy, but speech therapists are rarely needed for speech correction
5. Eall palate repair follow up is handled by the surgeon alone
150A child with cleft lip and/ or palate has trouble producing many of the sounds we call " pressure consonants." This is because the anatomic abnormalities
1. Ainhibit the production of airflow
2. Bprevent laryngeal muscles from working
3. Cproduce excessive amounts of airflow
4. Dprevent the child from sensing his tongue movement
5. Eprevent the appropriate production of upper vocal tract resistance needed to generate pressure
151In one of our case studies , surgeons performed a thyroplasty to prevent vocal folds from coming firmly together. The result of this was
1. Adecreased laryngeal resistance , and thus decreased vocal sound pressure
2. Bincreased laryngeal resistance, and thus increased vocal sound pressure
3. Cdecreased airflow. and thus decreased vocal sound pressure
4. Dincreased airflow and thus increased vocal sound pressure
5. Ea reduction of neural signaling, and thus a reduction of vocal fold movement
152The PRIMARY life- support function of the larynx is
1. Aopen the trachea for exhaling during exercise
2. Bprotect the respiratory system
3. Cproduce a scream as a danger signal
4. Daid in swallowing
5. Egasp for air when frightened
153The term we use for closure of the vocal folds in order to stabilize the thorax for effortful pushing is
1. AValsalva maneuver
2. Bglottal blockage
3. Cthroat singing
4. Dglottal stop
5. Eglottal catch
154We study laryngeal function for speech because we are primarily interested in the complexities of vocal fold vibration for phonation. However, a second SPEECH function of the larynx is
1. Ato stabilize the thorax for effortful tasks
2. Bto protect the lungs
3. Cto help manipulate pressure in the mouth for voicing distinctions
4. Dto aid is swallowing
5. Eto expel unwanted foreign substances
155Your text introduces three basic types of sounds. The most common laryngeal sound is produced by the vibration of the vocal folds for voicing, so it has a regular repeating pattern in time. Any regularly repeating sound is called
1. Arepetitious variation
2. Btransient
3. Cpitch- varying
4. Dperiodic
5. Eturbulent
156Another sound does NOT have a regular repeating pattern, but it does extend in time. It may be produced in the larynx as an /h/ sound or a whisper. This sound is called
1. Arepetitious variation
2. Btransient
3. Cpitch-varying
4. Dperiodic
5. Eturbulent
157A third type of sound does not have a regular repeating pattern; it does not extend in time, and may be produced in the larynx as a glottal stop. This sound is called
1. Arepetitious variation
2. Btransient
3. Cpitch- varying
4. Dperiodic
5. Eturbulent
158The major theory describing how vocal fold vibration happens is called the myoelastic aerodynamic theory. What does the term "myo" refer to ?
1. Acartilaginous movement
2. Bmuscle tissue
3. Cvocal fold layering
4. Dglottal wave motion
5. Elaryngeal nerve excitation
159In the term " myoelastic aerodynamic", what does "aerodynamic" refer to?
1. Adepth of respiratory exchange for speech
2. Bthe interaction of oral and nasal airflow
3. Cthe effects of windspeed on perception of speech
4. Dthe excitation of laryngeal nerves
5. Ethe effects of expiratory airflow and pressure on vocal fold movement
160A basic concept of the "Bernoulli effect" is that as the velocity of a fluid in a tube increases, pressure against the sides of the tube
1. Aincreases
2. Bdecreases
3. Cstays the same
4. Dgoes to zero
5. Ealternates periodically
161During vibration, the vertical phase difference of the vocal folds means that in the rostral- caudal direction, the folds open
1. Auniformly
2. Bnon- uniformly
3. Ctop-to- bottom
4. Dbottom-to-top
5. Eboth B &D
6. Fboth A& D
162The number of times per second that vocal folds vibrate is called
1. Apitch rate
2. Bfundamental frequency
3. Cfundamental period
4. Dintensity rate
5. Efundamental intensity
163The duration of one single cycle of vocal fold vibration is called
1. Apitch rate
2. Bfundamental frequency
3. Cfundamental period
4. Dintensity rate
5. Efundamental intensity
164If vocal folds vibrate at 200 times per second, then how long is a single cycle of vibration
1. A5 seconds
2. B.05 seconds
3. C.005 seconds
4. D.0005 seconds
5. E.02 seconds
165If one cycle of vocal fold vibration happens to be 4 milliseconds, the frequency of vibration will be
1. A400 Hz
2. B25 Hz
3. C250 Hz
4. D40 Hz
5. E2.5 Hz
166There are three forces that contribute energy to the vibratory movement of the vocal folds. At the start of ONE CYCLE of vf vibration, the folds are closed, and the initial force which pushes them apart is
1. AThe Bernoulli force
2. Bisotonic muscle contraction
3. Ctissue elasticity
4. Dsubglottal ( tracheal) pressure
5. Eneural excitation
167When the folds open maximally (especially the lower masses), what force initiates their switch to medial movement?
1. Athe Bernoulli force
2. Bisotonic muscle contraction
3. Ctissue elasticity
4. Dsubglottal (tracheal) pressure
5. Eneural excitation
168During the closing phase, as the folds come closer together, what force finally sucks them together completely?
1. Athe Bernoulli effect
2. Bisotonic muscle contraction
3. Ctissue elasticity
4. Dsubglottal (tracheal) pressure
5. Eneural excitation
169Some types of laryngeal movement depend on muscle contractions, and other types of laryngeal movement arise from aerodynamic forces. Muscle contraction is required for
1. Avocal fold vibration
2. Badduction and abduction
3. Ctensing and stretching the vocal folds
4. Dboth B&C
5. Eboth A&C
170The type of vocal fold movement which does NOT arise from muscle contractions is
1. Avocal fold vibration
2. Badduction and abduction
3. Ctensing and stretching the vocal folds
4. Dboth B&C
5. Eboth A&C
171Three conditions are necessary for VF vibration to occur. These are
1. Aproper larynx height, proper posture, laryngeal abduction
2. BVF adduction(approximation), proper VF tension, airflow
3. Cappropriate velar height, abdominal muscle contraction, vowel tongue posturing
4. Dcrico-thyroid contraction, thoracic muscle contraction, laryngeal elevation
5. Estrong thyro-arytenoid tension, proper posterior- crico-arytenoid release, thoracic muscle compression
172There are three modes of vocal attack (phonatory initiation). The one characterized by initial vocal fold approximation with high laryngeal resistance followed by abrupt pressure release and airflow is
1. Anormal (simultaneous) initiation
2. Btransient initiation
3. Chard (glottal) initiation
4. Dloft initiation
5. Esoft (breathy) initiation
173The mode of phonatory initiation characterized by initial airflow with a slow increase of laryngeal resistance and delayed vocal fold approximation is
1. Anormal (simultaneous) initiation
2. Btransient initiation
3. Chard (glottal) initiation
4. Dloft initiation
5. Esoft (breathy) initiation
174The mode of phonatory initiation in which vocal fold approximation and onset of airflow occur at the same time
1. Anormal (simultaneous) initiation
2. Btransient initiation
3. Chard (glottal) initiation
4. Dloft initiation
5. Esoft (breathy) initiation
175Vocal fold length may be related to f0 in two different ways. Across individuals those with larger ( presumably longer and thicker) vocal folds will have
1. Ahigher f0 than those with smaller VF's
2. Bthe same range of f0 than those with smaller VF's
3. Clower f0 than those with smaller VF's
4. Da tendency to produce f0 in the falsetto range
5. Ea tendency yo produce f0 in pulse register
176Within an individual, when a person increases the length of the vocal folds through muscle contraction, s/he will produce
1. Ahigher f0
2. Bunchanged f0
3. Clower f0
4. Dfalsetto vocal quality
5. Epulse register vocal quality
177If an individual changes f0 by increasing the length of vocal folds by stretching them, what happens to the mass(per unit length ) of the vocal folds?
1. Ait increases
2. Bit decreases
3. Cit fluctuates
4. Dit remains constant
5. Eit cannot accelerate for vibration
178If an individual changes f0 by increasing the length of vocal folds by stretching them, that stretch will occur as a result of which muscle contraction?
1. Athyroarytenoid
2. Blateral cricothyroid
3. Cposterior cricoarytenoid
4. Dcricothyroid
5. Einterarytenoid
179If an individual changes f0 by tensing the vf's but w/o necessarily stretching them, that tension will come through isometric contraction of
1. Athyroarytenoid
2. Blateral cricoarytenoid
3. Cposterior cricoarytenoid
4. Dcricothyroid
5. Einterarytenoid
180The mode (register) of phonation which occupies the middle section of a speaker's vocal range and employs the most normal ( common) pattern of VF vibration is
1. Apulse (glottal fry)
2. Bbreathy (soft)
3. Cglottal (hard)
4. Dmodal
5. Eloft(falsetto)
181The mode ( or register) of phonation which occupies the upper end of a speaker's vocal range, and involves a small narrow glottis with thin VF edges and a small vibratory excursion is
1. Apulse (glottal fry)
2. Bbreathy (soft)
3. Cglottal (hard)
4. Dmodal
5. Eloft (falsetto )
182The mode ( or register) of phonation which occupies the lower end of a speaker's vocal range, using low tracheal air pressure and producing a string of popping sounds is
1. Apulse (glottal fry)
2. Bbreathy (soft)
3. Cglottal (hard)
4. Dmodal
5. Eloft (falsetto)
183Aside from singing, we use changes of f0 in Western languages in order to mark
1. Aemphatic stress
2. Blinguistic stress )the difference between noun and verb forms of a word)
3. Cprosodic markers ( statement declination and question inclination)
4. Dall of the above
5. Eonly A&C, but not B
184Languages in which changes of fundamental frequency may be used to make a phonemic/ semantic distinction ( that is, may change the meaning of a word) are called
1. Aclick languages
2. Btone languages
3. Cprosodic languages
4. Dintonational languages
5. Echirp languages
185The physical correlate of the perception of vocal loudness is vocal intensity. This quantity may be increased through activity of the respirator system or through activity of the laryngeal system. To increase this quantity using the respiratory system, you would contract what broad class of muscles?
1. Ainspiratory muscles
2. Bexpiratory muscles
3. Conly thoracic muscles
4. Donly abdominal muscles
5. Eonly dorsal muscles
186To increase vocal intensity using the pharyngeal system rather than the respiratory system, you would increase
1. Alarynx height
2. Blaryngeal abduction
3. Claryngeal resistance
4. Dglottal area
5. Ecricoarytenoid tension
187according to the textbook (p. 127), the laryngeal muscles that you would contract if you wanted to use laryngeal mechanisms to increase vocal intensity would be what?
1. Aposterior cricoarytenoid & interarytenoid
2. Bcricothyroid & posterior cricoarytenoid
3. Cthyroarytenoid & cricothyroid
4. Dcricothyroid & posterior cricoarytenoids
5. Elateral cricoarytenoid& interarytenoid
188The larynx plays no role in the production of consonants
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
189A typical value for a woman's average speaking f0 would be about 325 Hz
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
190A typical value for a man's average speaking f0 would be about 130 Hz
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
191Within a speaker, vf length decreases as pitch increases
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
192A VF polyp that appears after football game cheering would be a functional voice disorder
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
193Laryngeal cancer would be a functional voice disorder
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
194Papilloma is an organic voice disorder
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
195A speaker with an average f0 of about 200 Hz would probably be female
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
196Neuromotor degenerative diseases like ALS frequently produce voice problems
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
197Only SLPs and otolaryngologists treat laryngeal disorders
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
198An adult male thyroid cartilage is larger than a woman's, as well as angled more acutely
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
199The safest and healthiest way to increase phonatory loudness is by increasing laryngeal tension
1. AVerdadero
2. BFalso
200Of the major groups of laryngeal muscles that we've studied, which ones all, as a group, have origins and insertions within the laryngeal cartilages?
1. Acervical muscles
2. Bsupplemental muscles
3. Cextrinsic muscles
4. Dintrinsic muscles
5. Einherent muscles

Información

Descripción: Test sobre A&P study guide, creado por Cayla M el 08/12/2018.
Autor: Cayla M
Idioma: English
Visitas: 11
Valoración: Aún sin valoraciones
Valora este test
Valora este test

A&P study guide

Crea una cuenta gratis para terminar este test

Preguntas del test (200)

Información

Escríbenos

¿Qué te parece el nuevo diseño?