Test
10b Authentification
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Preguntas del test (16)
1Access only make sense when we can [blank_start]authenticate[blank_end] subjects.
3 common factors of authentification:
> something you [blank_start]know[blank_end]: password, pin codes
> something you [blank_start]own[blank_end]: paper card, smartphone
> something you are: [blank_start]biometrics[blank_end]- Abiometrics
- Bown
- Cknow
- Dauthenticate
2C[blank_start]redential[blank_end] [blank_start]stuffing[blank_end]:
> List of usernames and pwd are published / sold on internet.
> Hackers try the same credentials on different sites.- Astuffing
- Bredential
3What can you do to store securely your passwords?
> use [blank_start]password manager[blank_end]
> need only to remember the [blank_start]master[blank_end] [blank_start]password[blank_end] to decrypt the credentials
> you can choose a offline (local-file) [blank_start]password manager[blank_end], or an online (cloud) [blank_start]password manager[blank_end], but you need to trust them not to steal your password. The best is to use an [blank_start]open[blank_end] [blank_start]source[blank_end] server that you can host where you want.- Apassword manager
- Bpassword manager
- Cpassword manager
- Dopen
- Esource
- Fmaster
- Gpassword
4The "something you own" is called a [blank_start]token[blank_end].
> ex. Bingo cards
-- prove that user owns the card, but can be easily photocopied
> [blank_start]One[blank_end]-[blank_start]time[blank_end] [blank_start]password[blank_end] (OTP) [blank_start]token[blank_end]s
-- OATH standard
-- password change with time / click
- AOne
- Btime
- Cpassword
- Dtoken
- Etoken
5The "something you own" is called a token.
> [blank_start]TAN[blank_end] [blank_start]generators[blank_end]
-- a calculator that generates an [blank_start]number[blank_end] based on [blank_start]input[blank_end] of the user
-- can be used to [blank_start]sign[blank_end] a [blank_start]transaction[blank_end]
-- proves the user owns the generator
-- based on a smart card (bank card)
> [blank_start]Smartphones[blank_end]
-- [blank_start]OTP[blank_end] is sent by Sms or generated by App
-- prove that user owns the phone / sim-card- AOTP
- Bsign
- Ctransaction
- DTAN
- Egenerators
- FSmartphones
- Gnumber
- Hinput
6The "something you own" is called a [blank_start]token[blank_end].
> a [blank_start]private[blank_end] [blank_start]key[blank_end] in a hardware token
-- token [blank_start]signs[blank_end] a [blank_start]challenge[blank_end]
-- proof that user owns [blank_start]token[blank_end]
-- universal [blank_start]2nd[blank_end] [blank_start]factor[blank_end] standard- A2nd
- Bfactor
- Ctoken
- Dsigns
- Echallenge
- Fprivate
- Gkey
- Htoken
7[blank_start]OATH[blank_end] is a standard for the generation of [blank_start]One[blank_end]-[blank_start]time[blank_end] password tokens.
[blank_start]Counter[blank_end] based:
hotp(seed, c) = truncate( hmac-sha1(seed, c))
[blank_start]Time[blank_end] based:
totp([blank_start]seed[blank_end], t) = hotp(k, t - t0 / x)- AOATH
- BCounter
- CTime
- Dseed
- EOne
- Ftime
8Universal 2nd Factor is a standard usage of private keys.
Each app generate a [blank_start]key[blank_end] [blank_start]pair[blank_end] and give the server the [blank_start]public[blank_end] key.
On login, server sends a random [blank_start]challenge[blank_end] to client
Client signs the [blank_start]challenge[blank_end] + name of the [blank_start]domain[blank_end] of the server + signature [blank_start]counter[blank_end]
client sends the data and signature to server
server verifies the [blank_start]signature[blank_end]- Asignature
- Bchallenge
- Cdomain
- Dcounter
- Echallenge
- Fkey
- Gpair
- Hpublic
9Why do 2nd factor need the application to sign the domain + counter of the server as well?
Domain: To prevent from [blank_start]phishing[blank_end] [blank_start]attacks[blank_end].
Counter: To prevent [blank_start]cloning[blank_end] of the [blank_start]private[blank_end] [blank_start]key[blank_end]. (Detect not steady increment, aka the hacker increments one time more / less the counter).- Aphishing
- Battacks
- Ccloning
- Dprivate
- Ekey
10[blank_start]FIDO2[blank_end] standardises the use of [blank_start]U2F[blank_end] within the browser with Javascript, called WebAuthn.
[blank_start]FIDO2[blank_end] also make uses of [blank_start]Client[blank_end] to [blank_start]Authenticator[blank_end] Protocol to access to the signature.
CTAP: describes how an [blank_start]app[blank_end] can ask an [blank_start]authenticator[blank_end] to generate a [blank_start]signature[blank_end].
Authenticator: usb token/ smartphone
The assertions asserts whether the user was:
- [blank_start]present[blank_end] (clicked the button)
- [blank_start]verified[blank_end] (had the right pin / fingerprint)- AFIDO2
- BU2F
- CFIDO2
- DClient
- EAuthenticator
- Fapp
- Gauthenticator
- Hsignature
- Ipresent
- Jverified
11U2F FIDO2 is advantageous, because:
- No problem if server is hacked > [blank_start]asymetric[blank_end] system. Info stored on server cannot be used to login.
- No problem if client is hacked > [blank_start]private[blank_end] [blank_start]key[blank_end] stays in secure hardware of the client. The key is only usable by [blank_start]interaction[blank_end] with client.
- Very convenient- Aasymetric
- Bprivate
- Ckey
- Dinteraction
12The biometrics can be [blank_start]physiological[blank_end] (iris, fingerprint) or [blank_start]behavioural[blank_end] (speech, handwriting) characteristics.
2 stages: [blank_start]Registration[blank_end] and [blank_start]Authentification[blank_end].
Limitations:
- The saved biometrics is never [blank_start]exact[blank_end]
- The comparison is never a [blank_start]perfect[blank_end] match > need to accept certain error- Aphysiological
- Bbehavioural
- CRegistration
- DAuthentication
- Eexact
- Fperfect
13For biometrics, the decision algorithm must accept a certain error > [blank_start]sensitivity[blank_end] of the algorithm.
> FAR : False [blank_start]acceptance[blank_end] rate : system declare a false match
> FRR : False [blank_start]rejection[blank_end] rate: system declare a non-match but it is a match
> ERR : [blank_start]Equal[blank_end] [blank_start]error[blank_end] rate : when the system is tuned such that FAR [blank_start]=[blank_end] FRR- Aacceptance
- Brejection
- CEqual
- Derror
- E=
- Fsensitivity
14For biometrics, the fingerprints characteristics are called [blank_start]minutiae[blank_end]:
- [blank_start]termination[blank_end] of a ridge
- [blank_start]bifurcation[blank_end] of a ridge
> List of [blank_start]coordinates[blank_end] (x, y) are then generated.- Aminutiae
- Btermination
- Cbifurcation
- Dcoordinates
15Discussion about biometrics:
- No [blank_start]hashing[blank_end] possible (neither for transmission or storage) => risk of theft
- Impossible to change a stolen finger
- Not ideal for remote authentification. [blank_start]U2F[blank_end] is better.
- Biometric data is considered as [blank_start]sensitive[blank_end] data by european law
- it can reveal race / [blank_start]pathology[blank_end] (health)
-it can [blank_start]exclude[blank_end] people (no fingers)- Ahashing
- BU2F
- Csensitive
- Dpathology
- Eexclude
16FaceID - Biometrics
- The sensor is [blank_start]paired[blank_end] with the processor, so the communication with the sensor is [blank_start]encrypted[blank_end] and cannot be [blank_start]intercepted[blank_end] and replayed.
- Still need a [blank_start]password[blank_end] to decrypt the [blank_start]storage[blank_end] at booting.- Apaired
- Bencrypted
- Cintercepted
- Dpassword
- Estorage
Información
- Descripción
- - (10 Access control, Authentication & protocols) Information security Test sobre 10b Authentification, creado por Yawen Hou el 04/06/2019.
- Autor
- Yawen Hou
- Idioma
- English
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- 0
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