Test
Vitamins
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (60)
1Check all the water-soluble vitamins.
- AB group vitamins
- BVitamin C
- CVitamin A
- DVitamin D
- EVitamin E
- FVitamin K
2Check all the fat-soluble vitamins.
- AVitamin A
- BVitamin D
- CVitamin E
- DVitamin K
- EB group vitamins
- FVitamin C
3Which class of vitamins is stored, not absorbed/excreted easily and may be toxic in excess?
- AFat soluble
- BLipid soluble
4Which class of vitamins is not stored, requires regular intake and is generally not toxic in excess?
- AWater soluble
- BFat soluble
5[blank_start]Primary[blank_end] vitamin deficiency is caused by insufficient intake.
[blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] vitamin deficiency is caused by an underlying disorder such as malabsorption.
[blank_start]Iatrogenic[blank_end] vitamin deficiency is caused by medical treatment.- APrimary
- BSecondary
- CIatrogenic
6Which vitamin is ascorbic acid?
- AVitamin C
- BVitamin B7
- CVitamin A
- DVitamin D
- EVitamin E
- FVitamin K
7Vitamin C is an anti-oxidant nutrient.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Vitamin C is classed as an [blank_start]anti-oxidant[blank_end] nutrient. This means it inhibits [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] reactions. For example, it facilitates hydroxylation of proline and [blank_start]lysine[blank_end] in [blank_start]collagen[blank_end] formation by maintaining iron in its [blank_start]2+[blank_end] oxidation state. Vitamin C also reduces dietary Fe([blank_start]III[blank_end]) to Fe([blank_start]II[blank_end]) in the stomach to make it available for [blank_start]absorption[blank_end].
- Aanti-oxidant
- Boxidation
- Clysine
- Dcollagen
- E2+
- FIII
- GII
- Habsorption
9A well-fed body has a [blank_start]6[blank_end] month store of vitamin C. Symptoms of [blank_start]scurvy[blank_end] - vitamin C deficiency - begin to present [blank_start]3[blank_end] months into a vitamin C deficient diet. The symptoms of scurvy include f[blank_start]atigue[blank_end], depression, g[blank_start]ingivitis[blank_end] and impaired wound healing.
- A6
- Bscurvy
- C3
- Datigue
- Eingivitis
10What daily dose of vitamin C can lead to diarrhea, nausea, heartburn and gastritis?
- A2000-3000mg
- B4000mg
- C5000-6000mg
- D200-300mg
11All B group vitamins act as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12Check the reasons for vitamin B deficiency being common amongst alcoholics.
- AAdequate energy intake from alcohol leads to anorexia
- BGI tract malfunction
- CCirrhotic liver affects storage, transport and metabolism of vitamins
- DAlcohol increases appetite leading to increased food consumption
- EAlcohol dissolves vitamin B into different compounds meaning it isnt available to the body
13Fill in the blanks below to give the common names of each of the B group vitamins.
Vitamin B1 - [blank_start]thiamin[blank_end]
Vitamin B2 - [blank_start]riboflavin[blank_end]
Vitamin B3 - [blank_start]niacin[blank_end]
Vitamin B4 - [blank_start]pathotenic acid[blank_end]
Vitamin B6 - [blank_start]pyridoxine[blank_end]
Vitamin B7- [blank_start]biotin[blank_end]
Vitamin B9 - [blank_start]folate[blank_end]
Vitamin B12 - [blank_start]cobalamin[blank_end]- Athiamin
- Briboflavin
- Cniacin
- Dpathotenic acid
- Epyridoxine
- Fbiotin
- Gfolate
- Hcobalamin
14Why does lactate accummulate in the muscles in vitamin B1/thiamin deficiency?
- AThiamin required for glucose metabolism as thiamine pyrophosphate
- BThiamin required for protein synthesis in the mitochondria
- CThiamin acts as a cofactor to activate lactate dehydrogenase
- DThiamin is required for oxygen binding to haemoglobin
15What are thiaminases?
- AEnzymes that cleave thiamine to inactivate it
- BCoenzymes that activate thiamine
- CEnzymes that synthesise thiamine found in the intestinal flora
- DEnzymes that facilitate formation of thiamine pyrophosphate
16[blank_start]Wet beriberi[blank_end] is characterised by shortness of breath during physical activity, rapid heart rate, enlarged heart and oedema in the lower legs.
[blank_start]Dry beriberi[blank_end] is characterised by decreased muscle function, tingling in the feet and hands and confusion.
[blank_start]Wernicke-Korsakoff[blank_end] syndrome is characterised by confusion, ataxia causing leg tremors, abnormal eye movements. it is seen mainly in alcoholics.- AWet beriberi
- BDry beriberi
- CWernicke-Korsakoff
17Wet/dry beriberi and Wernicke/Korsakoff syndrome are caused by a deficiency of which vitamin?
- AVitamin B1/thiamin
- BVitamin C/ascorbic acid
- CVitamin B7/biotin
- DVitamin B2/riboflavin
18What is vitamin B2/riboflavin a precursor of?
- AFAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and FMN (flavin mononucleotide)
- BNAD
- CRiboflavin pyrophosphate
- DDopamine
19Why are diets with inadequate protein intake likely to be inadequate in riboflavin also?
- ARiboflavin is protein-bound
- BRiboflavin is only found in red meat
- CRiboflavin is synthesised from proline amino acids
- DRiboflavin requires histidine for activation by deprotonation
20Deficiency of which vitamin results in cheilosis (inflammation of the lips), angular stomatitis (inflammation in the corners of the mouth) and cataracts?
- AVitamin B2/riboflavin
- BVitamin B5/panthotenic acid
- CVitamin E
- DVitamin K
21What name is given to chemical compounds that have a similar molecular structure and will relieve a particular vitamin deficiency?
- AVitamers
- BVitoisomers
- CDeficoisomers
- DVitamines
22What are the vitamers of vitamin B3/niacin?
- ANicotinic acid
- BNicotinamide
- CNicotine
- DNicotinic receptors
23Vitamin B3/niacin is a precursor to both NAD and NADP.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
24Why do high-protein diets have no additional requirement for niacin?
- ANiacin can be formed from tryptophan
- BNiacin can be formed from phenylalanine
- CNiacin is protein-bound
- DAmino acids can form precursors to NAD
25What name is given to vitamin B3/niacin deficiency?
- APellagra
- BDry beriberi
- CWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- DMegaloblastic anaemia
26The symptoms of pellagra include the 4 D's. What are they?
- ADermatitis
- BDiarrhea
- CDementia
- DDeath
- EDark urine
- FDehydration
- GDelirium
- HDecreased appetite
27Vitamin B5 is also known as [blank_start]panthotenic acid[blank_end]. It is used in h[blank_start]aemotopoiesis[blank_end] and metabolism where it forms a component of [blank_start]coenzyme A[blank_end].
- Apanthotenic acid
- Baemotopoiesis
- Ccoenzyme A
28A deficiency of which vitamin is characterised by numbing of the hands and feet, headache, irritability and restlessness?
- AVitamin B5/panthotenic acid
- BVitamin B9/folate
- CVitamin B12/cobalamin
- DVitamin E
29Which vitamin is a prosthetic group for carboxylations, for example the formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA?
- AVitamin B12/cobalamin
- BVitamin B7/biotin
- CVitamin C
- DVitamin K
30Vitamin B7 deficiency commonly occurs due to long term antibiotic therapy resulting in sterilisation of the GI tract.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31The active form of vitamin B6, or [blank_start]pyridoxine[blank_end], is [blank_start]pyridoxal phopshate[blank_end]. This is requires for transaminations and [blank_start]deaminations[blank_end] in amino acid [blank_start]metabolism[blank_end] and the synthesis of [blank_start]haem[blank_end].
- Apyridoxine
- Bpyridoxal phopshate
- Cdeaminations
- Dmetabolism
- Ehaem
32Deficiency of vitamin B6/pyridoxine is secondary to the presence of antagonists, such as isoniazid in the treatment of TB.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33Which vitamin can be used in the treatment of seizures, Down's syndrome and autism?
- AVitamin B6/pyridoxine
- BVitamin B5/panthotenic acid
- CVItamin B3/niacin
- DVitamin C/ascorbic acid
34Which B group vitamin forms a carrier of 1C units required in purine/pyramidine synthesis, amino acid metabolism etc?
- AB9/folate
- BB12/cobalamin
- CB7/biotin
- DB5/panthotenic acid
35Vitamin B9 supplements in pregnancy reduce the risk of what?
- APost-natal haemorrhage
- BNeural tube defects
- CMutations in foetal haemoglobin
- DDown's syndrome
36VItamin B12/cobalamin is a carrier of methyl groups in metabolism, for example in the metabolism of odd-chain fatty acids.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
37What is a common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency?
- ALack of intrinsic factor because vitamin B12 requires binding to this for absorption
- BLack of intestinal mucosa meaning B12 cannot be absorbed
- CSterilisation of colon meaning gut flora cannot synthesise B12
- DLow protein intake
38Fill in the blanks below to describe the link between vitamin B9/folate deficiency and vitamin B12/cobalamin deficiency.
Folate is converted to [blank_start]tetrahydrofolate[blank_end] which forms a pool of derivatives, each with [blank_start]one[blank_end] carbon. All of these derivatives are [blank_start]interconvertible[blank_end] except for [blank_start]methyl tetrahydrofolate[blank_end]. [blank_start]Vitamin B12[blank_end] is required for the conversion of [blank_start]methyl tetrahydrofolate[blank_end] to [blank_start]tetrahydrofolate[blank_end]. Therefore, both folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies show low levels of [blank_start]tetrahydrofolate[blank_end].- Atetrahydrofolate
- Bone
- Cinterconvertible
- Dmethyl tetrahydrofolate
- EVitamin B12
- Fmethyl tetrahydrofolate
- Gtetrahydrofolate
- Htetrahydrofolate
39Low levels of [blank_start]tetrahydrofolate[blank_end] result in inadequate [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] synthesis. Haemopoietic cells die i the [blank_start]bone marrow[blank_end] without completing their [blank_start]cell cycle[blank_end]. This causes [blank_start]megaloblastic[blank_end] anaemia - the body forms fewer enlarged [blank_start]red blood[blank_end] cells which cannot exit the bone marrow. Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia include f[blank_start]atigue[blank_end] and shortness of breath.
- Atetrahydrofolate
- BDNA
- Cbone marrow
- Dcell cycle
- Emegaloblastic
- Fred blood
- Gatigue
40Deficiency of which B group vitamin causes myelin impairment due to its involvement in synthesis and maintenance?
- AVitamin B12/cobalamin
- BVitamin B7/biotin
- CVitamin B3/niacin
- DVitamin B2/riboflavin
41Why does vitamin B12 deficiency cause numbness in the arms and hands, loss of position sense, unsteadiness and confusion?
- AVitamin B12 required for myelin synthesis
- BVitamin B12 breaks down myelin
- CVitamin B12 required for acetylcholine synthesis
- DVitamin B12 breaks down acetylcholine
42Which fat-soluble vitamin is also referred to as retinol?
- AVitamin A
- BVitamin E
- CVitamin D
- DVitamin K
43One of the active forms of [blank_start]vitamin A[blank_end]/retinol is [blank_start]retinoic acid[blank_end]. This is a hormone that binds to specific [blank_start]cytosolic[blank_end] receptors to affect gene [blank_start]expression[blank_end].
Another active form is [blank_start]retinal[blank_end]. This is involved in vision via the conversion of light energy to optical nerve impulses in the [blank_start]rod cells[blank_end].- Aretinoic acid
- Bvitamin A
- Cexpression
- Dcytosolic
- Eretinal
- Frod cells
44Deficiency of which fat-soluble vitamin causes night blindness?
- AVitamin A
- BVitamin D
- CVitamin E
- DVitamin K
45A deficiency of vitamin A/[blank_start]retinol[blank_end] can prevent epithelial cells from [blank_start]synthesising[blank_end] mucopolysaccharides. This leads to progressive [blank_start]keratinisation[blank_end] of the cornea (xeropthalmia) followed by clouding and drying of the cornea ([blank_start]keratomalacia[blank_end]) which leads to irreversible [blank_start]blindness[blank_end].
- Aretinol
- Bsynthesising
- Ckeratinisation
- Dkeratomalacia
- Eblindness
46When is vitamin A toxicity possible?
- ASupplementation for acne or colds
- BSupplementation during pregnancy
- CLarge intake of whole milk
- DLow intake of egg
47Which vitamin helps to maintain membrane structure and prostaglandin metabolism by preventing oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by free radicals?
- AVitamin E
- BVitamin A
- CVitamin D
- DVitamin K
48Why does vitamin E deficiency occur in premature, low birth weight infants?
- AVitamin E doesn't cross placenta easily
- BInfants have inactive enzymes for vitamin E metabolism
- CInfants do not have vitamin E transport proteins
- DLow birth weight infants struggle to digest milk
49Why is vitamin E deficiency characterised by haemolytic anaemia?
- ARed blood cell membranes are unstable due to oxidation of PUFA
- BRed blood cell membranes are unstable due to lack of oxidation of PUFA
- CLack of lymphocyte synthesis
- DLack of haem synthesis
50Vitamin D3 or [blank_start]cholecalciferol[blank_end] binds to [blank_start]intracellular[blank_end] receptors that interact with DNA.
Vitamin D2 or [blank_start]ergocalciferol[blank_end] and cholecalciferol maintain correct plasma [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] and phosphate levels. This helps to achieve proper bone [blank_start]mineralisation[blank_end].- Acholecalciferol
- Bintracellular
- Cergocalciferol
- Dcalcium
- Emineralisation
51Rickets is a reduction of the mineral:matrix bone ratio.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
52Osteomalacia is a reduction of the mineral:matrix bone ratio.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
53Osteoporosis is a reduction in the mineral:matrix bone ratio.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
54What condition caused by vitamin D deficiency results in the bending of long bones, kyphosis (rounding of the upper back due to excessive curvature of the spine) and delayed tooth eruption?
- ARickets
- BOsteomalacia
- COsteoporosis
- DScurvy
55High levels of Vitamin D can cause [blank_start]hypercalcaemia[blank_end]. This causes nausea, v[blank_start]omiting[blank_end] and weakness. It can also cause [blank_start]calcification[blank_end] of the heart, lungs and kidneys.
- Ahypercalcaemia
- Bomiting
- Ccalcification
56UV light acts on cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol precursors in the skin to give their active forms.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57Which fat-soluble vitamin is required for blood clotting, bone metabolism and the regulation of blood calcium levels?
- AVitamin K
- BVitamin E
- CVitamin D
- DVitamin A
58Vitamin K can be synthesised by the gut flora of the jejunum and ileum.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
59Why are infants vulnerable to intracranial haemorrhages?
- AVitamin K does not cross the placenta easily so infants have defective blood clotting
- BVitamin E does not cross the placenta easily so infants have defective blood clotting
- CVitamin K does not cross the placenta easily so infants have less fortified skulls
- DVitamin K does not cross the placenta easily so capillary endothelium is easily damaged in infants
60Toxicity of which fat-soluble vitamin can block oral anticoagulants, cause haemolytic anaemia and hyperbilirubinemia?
- AVitamin K
- BVitamin E
- CVitamin A
- DVitamin D
Información
- Descripción
- Nutrition and Metabolism Test sobre Vitamins, creado por Charlotte Jakes el 27/12/2019.
- Autor
- Charlotte Jakes
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 23
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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