Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.
Respuesta
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biology
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neurology
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psychology
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physiology
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.
Respuesta
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behavior
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evolution
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genetics
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nurture
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
Respuesta
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chromosomes; DNA
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chromosomes; genes
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DNA; genes
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genes; DNA
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Wendy’s mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy’s ________ must be ________ and her father’s must be Bb.
Respuesta
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genotype; Bb
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genotype; bb
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phenotype; Bb
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phenotype; bb
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.
Respuesta
-
axons; terminal buttons
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dendrites; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
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terminal buttons; transport proteins
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.
Respuesta
-
axon
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glial cell
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soma
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terminal button
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
Respuesta
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soma
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synapse
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terminal button
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vesicle
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
Respuesta
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receptors; nothing, since they do not bind
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receptors; receptors
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receptors; the cell membrane
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the cell membrane; receptors
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
Respuesta
-
action potential
-
depolarization
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hyperpolarization
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threshold of excitation
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
Respuesta
-
break down into inactive fragments
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collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
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drifting away from the synapse
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reuptake
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.
Respuesta
-
emotional
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GABA
-
neurotransmitter
-
serotonin
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
Respuesta
-
dopamine; acetylcholine
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dopamine; norepinephrine
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serotonin; GABA
-
serotonin; glutamate
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
Respuesta
-
acetylcholine
-
beta-endorphin
-
GABA
-
norepinephrine
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
Respuesta
-
autonomic; somatic nervous systems
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autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems
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central; peripheral nervous systems
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parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
Respuesta
-
autonomic
-
parasympathetic
-
somatic
-
sympathetic
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.
Respuesta
-
autonomic
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parasympathetic
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somatic
-
sympathetic
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Respuesta
-
homeostasis
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resting potential
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reuptake
-
synergy
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.
Respuesta
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billions
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tens of thousands
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thousands
-
millions
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.
Respuesta
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brainstem
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internal organs
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peripheral nerves
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spinal cord
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The ________ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves
Respuesta
-
central gyrus
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central sulci
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hemisphere
-
longitudinal fissure
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
Respuesta
-
breathing
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emotion
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memory
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reasoning
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain
Respuesta
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Broca’s area
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hippocampus
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thalamus
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Wernicke’s area
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage’s accident, which led to brain injury?
Respuesta
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Frontal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses.
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Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.
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Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior.
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Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
Respuesta
-
cognition and emotion
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language, such as speech
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motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
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temperature, touch, and pain
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Broca’s area is located in which lobe of the brain?
Respuesta
-
frontal
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occipital
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parietal
-
temporal
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
Respuesta
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audition
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smell
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taste
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vision
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a forebrain structure?
Respuesta
-
amygdala
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hippocampus
-
pons
-
thalamus
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents’ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.
Respuesta
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basal ganglia; childhood
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basal ganglia; emotional
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limbic system; childhood
-
limbic system; emotional
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.
Respuesta
-
amygdala
-
corpus callosum
-
hypothalamus
-
pons
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.
Respuesta
-
acetylcholine
-
dopamine
-
glutamate
-
serotonin
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
Respuesta
-
amygdala
-
cerebellum
-
medulla
-
pons
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The ________ extends through the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
Respuesta
-
cerebellum
-
medulla
-
pons
-
reticular formation
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.
Respuesta
-
cerebellum
-
sensory cortex
-
substantia nigra
-
ventral tegmental area
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The ________ connects the brain and the spinal cord.
Respuesta
-
cerebellum
-
corpus callosum
-
medulla
-
pons
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
Respuesta
-
factors
-
hormones
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neurotransmitters
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proteins