Introductory Nutrition - Unit 3 - Chapter 5 (Lipids) & Chapter 6 (Proteins)

Descripción

Review questions for chapters 5 and 6 from The Science of Nutrition.
Mara Roth
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Mara Roth
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids due to the presence of _________.
Respuesta
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
  • nitrogen
  • oxygen

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Our ________ dictates the structure of each protein molecule created by the body.
Respuesta
  • appetite
  • blood glucose
  • food intake pattern
  • genetic material (DNA)

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The building blocks of proteins are ________.
Respuesta
  • amino acids
  • fatty acids
  • glucose molecules
  • sulfur-containing compounds

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
One of the important functions of proteins is to ________.
Respuesta
  • serve as the body's primary energy source
  • help maintain a strong immune system
  • act as emulsifiers
  • promote endurance during physical activity

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
There are ________ essential amino acids.
Respuesta
  • 4
  • 6
  • 9
  • 11

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Peptide bonds are formed ________.
Respuesta
  • during the emulsification process
  • when proteins are denatured
  • by making fatty acids
  • by excluding water molecules

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The enzyme in the stomach that begins the breakdown of proteins into shorter polypeptide chains and single amino acids is ________.
Respuesta
  • bicarbonate
  • lipoprotein lipase
  • intrinsic factor
  • pepsin

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The side chain (R group) of the amino acid can be ________.
Respuesta
  • excreted in the urine
  • stored as energy
  • converted to muscle
  • used to provide energy for the body if needed

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Urea is mostly synthesized from amino groups in the ________.
Respuesta
  • blood
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • small intestine

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The denaturation of protein ________.
Respuesta
  • happens in the mouth
  • destroys its function
  • increases its chemical processes
  • forms a complete protein

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
An adequate intake of protein is ________ of total calories.
Respuesta
  • 5-10%
  • 10-15%
  • 15-25%
  • 20-40%

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
An essential amino acid ________.
Respuesta
  • forms a complete protein
  • is needed only during periods of rapid growth
  • is not required in the diet
  • cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts to meet the body's needs

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The quality of protein refers to ________.
Respuesta
  • the protein structural level
  • the ability to promote weight loss
  • its freedom from toxic components
  • its ability to support body maintenance

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
________ and ________ are complimentary foods that provide the essential amino acids.
Respuesta
  • corn
  • beans
  • apple
  • celery
  • macaroni
  • potatoes
  • bread
  • butter

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
The RDA for protein of a 70-kilogram (154-pound) woman is ________ grams.
Respuesta
  • 35
  • 49
  • 56
  • 63

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
During which stage of life are protein needs the highest?
Respuesta
  • adolescence
  • adulthood
  • infancy
  • pregnancy

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
For growth during adolescence, protein balance should be in ________.
Respuesta
  • positive balance
  • equilibrium
  • negative balance
  • constant variation

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
________ is a measurement of protein quality that considers the ratio of amino acids as well as the digestibility of the protein in the food.
Respuesta
  • Mutual supplementation
  • PDCAAS
  • Deamination
  • Essential amino acids

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Edema in the lower extremities may appear when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because ________.
Respuesta
  • blood protein levels increase and force fluid into the cells
  • blood protein levels drop and fluid shifts into the tissue
  • as sodium is retained in the body, fluid is also retained in the body
  • fluid retention optimizes protein nutrition

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
When compared to animal proteins, plant proteins ________.
Respuesta
  • are usually superior in their array of essential amino acids
  • are usually deficient in one or more essential amino acids
  • usually have equal quantities of essential amino acids
  • are equal in quality so long as they are served raw

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
An example of two incomplete protein foods eaten together to produce a complete protein meal is ________.
Respuesta
  • cereal with milk
  • hamburger on a bun
  • red beans and rice
  • spaghetti with tomato sauce

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
A total vegetarian or vegan will eat ________.
Respuesta
  • only fruits, nuts, eggs, and vegetables
  • only foods from plant sources
  • milk products, eggs, and fish
  • milk products

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Vegetarians who do not eat any animal products or nutrient-fortified products should consider supplementing their diets with ________.
Respuesta
  • vitamin A
  • vitamin C
  • vitamin B12
  • vitamin E

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Compared to omnivores, vegetarians tend to have ________.
Respuesta
  • poorer immune system
  • lower blood pressure
  • higher blood glucose levels
  • higher body weight

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
In order for athletes to increase their muscle size, they need to include ________.
Respuesta
  • high protein meals
  • sports drinks
  • protein supplements
  • resistance training

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Organic substances that are insoluble in water are classified as ________.
Respuesta
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • minerals

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
________ is the three-carbon "backbone" found in triglycerides.
Respuesta
  • Carbon skeleton
  • Sterol
  • Fatty acid
  • Glycerol

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Fatty acids vary with the ________.
Respuesta
  • degree of saturation
  • nutritive content
  • calories per gram
  • cholesterol content

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
A key characteristic of essential fats is that they ________.
Respuesta
  • are monosaturated fatty acids
  • can be made from substances readily available in the body
  • must be supplied by the diet
  • are short-chain fatty acids

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
The type of lipid that has a ring structure is a(n) ________.
Respuesta
  • micelle
  • HDL
  • glycerol
  • sterol

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The most typical form of lipids found in food is ________.
Respuesta
  • glycerol
  • lipoproteins
  • triglycerides
  • sterols

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Olive and canola oil contain abundant amounts of ________ fats.
Respuesta
  • saturated
  • Hydrogenate
  • trans
  • monounsaturated

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Which combination of foods is highest in fat?
Respuesta
  • Hamburger and fried potatoes
  • Tossed garden salad with flavored vinegar
  • Pancake with maple syrup
  • Fruit and cottage cheese

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
A food with "hidden" fat is ________.
Respuesta
  • a carrot
  • a blueberry muffin
  • soybean oil
  • butter

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Hydrogenation of fat ________.
Respuesta
  • decreases shelf life
  • makes it softer
  • makes it more saturated
  • increases oxidative breakdown

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Which statement about cholesterol is true?
Respuesta
  • It is an essential fatty acid
  • It can be synthesized by the body
  • It must be obtained from food
  • It is available from plant sources

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Bile is produced in the ________.
Respuesta
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • liver
  • pancreas

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Phospholipids are water soluble because they ________.
Respuesta
  • are essential fatty acids
  • have a hydrophilic end
  • combine with bile salts
  • regulate transport of molecules into and out of the cells

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Lipid-digesting enzymes are produced in the ________.
Respuesta
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • liver
  • pancreas

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
A ________ is a spherical compound that transports the end-products of lipid digestion to the intestinal mucosal cells.
Respuesta
  • lipoprotein lipase
  • glycerol
  • VLDL
  • micelle

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The primary source of energy for the body at rest is ________.
Respuesta
  • protein
  • glucose
  • fat
  • vitamins

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
A piece of cake containing 10 grams of fat has ________ fat calories.
Respuesta
  • 0
  • 40
  • 70
  • 90

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Prolonged low-intensity physical activity depends on energy stored in ________.
Respuesta
  • adipose cells
  • muscle glycogen
  • liver glycogen
  • gallbladder

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
High amounts of medium-chain triglycerides such as ________ can negatively impact blood lipids.
Respuesta
  • olive oil
  • coconut oil
  • fish oil
  • canola oil

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for total fat is 20% to ________ % of total energy.
Respuesta
  • 25
  • 35
  • 45
  • 55

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
A modifiable risk factor for heart disease is ________.
Respuesta
  • family history
  • blood lipid levels
  • age
  • gender

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Consuming ________ has the biggest impact on blood cholesterol levels.
Respuesta
  • monounsaturated fats
  • polyunsaturated fats
  • saturated fats
  • cholesterol

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
LDL-cholesterol is commonly referred to as "________" cholesterol.
Respuesta
  • trans
  • bad
  • low
  • good

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The dietary lipid type that most profoundly raises LDL and lowers HDL is ________ fat.
Respuesta
  • monounsaturated
  • polyunsaturated
  • trans
  • cholesterol

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
A common type of prescription drug used to reduce body cholesterol levels is ________.
Respuesta
  • antihistamines
  • ACE inhibitors
  • statins
  • analgesics

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Diets high in ________ can help reduce the production of endogenous VLDLs.
Respuesta
  • saturated fat
  • omega-3 fatty acids
  • fiber
  • antioxidants
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