Test
Chapter 4: Endocrine system
Este test tiene tipos de pregunta que se abren en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (20)
12 major types of communication:
1. [blank_start]Neural[blank_end] communication
-[blank_start]electrical[blank_end] / [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] signaling
-between [blank_start]neurons[blank_end] and [blank_start]target cells[blank_end]
-via [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end]
-[blank_start]short[blank_end] distance
-[blank_start]fast[blank_end] response time
-[blank_start]internal[blank_end] and [blank_start]external[blank_end] environment targeted
2. [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end] communication
-[blank_start]chemical[blank_end] signaling
-between [blank_start]blood[blank_end] / [blank_start]lymph[blank_end] and [blank_start]target cells[blank_end]
-via [blank_start]hormones[blank_end]
-[blank_start]long[blank_end] distance
-[blank_start]slow[blank_end] response time
-[blank_start]internal[blank_end] environment targeted- ANeural
- Belectrical
- Cchemical
- Dneurons
- Etarget cells
- Fneurotransmitters
- Gshort
- Hfast
- Iinternal
- Jexternal
- KEndocrine
- Lchemical
- Mblood
- Nlymph
- Otarget cells
- Phormones
- Qlong
- Rslow
- Sinternal
23 types of hormone secretions:
1. [blank_start]Humoral[blank_end] stimuli
-control of hormone release in response to changes in [blank_start]ECF[blank_end]
-responds to [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] changes (ion, nutrients) in the [blank_start]extracellular fluid[blank_end] (ECF)
-eg. changes in [blank_start]blood glucose level[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Hormonal[blank_end] stimuli
-the release of [blank_start]hormones[blank_end] in response to another [blank_start]hormone[blank_end]
-eg. hormones released by [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end] stimulates [blank_start]gonads[blank_end] to release hormones
3. [blank_start]Neural[blank_end] stimuli
-signals by nervous system ([blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] nerves) release hormones (adrenaline/cortisol)
-eg. [blank_start]fight-or-flight[blank_end] response
4. [blank_start]Feedback[blank_end] mechanism
-controls hormone levels by [blank_start]stimulating[blank_end] or [blank_start]halting[blank_end] production of more hormones
-eg. when estrogen level is [blank_start]moderate[blank_end], [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback mechanism [blank_start]halts[blank_end] release of more estrogen- AHumoral
- BHormonal
- CNeural
- DECF
- Echemical
- Fextracellular fluid
- Gblood glucose level
- Hhormone
- Ihormones
- Janterior pituitary gland
- Kgonads
- Lsympathetic
- Mfight-or-flight
- NFeedback
- Ostimulating
- Phalting
- Qmoderate
- R-ve
- Shalts
3[blank_start]Circulating[blank_end] hormones
- circulate in blood throughout whole body
[blank_start]Local[blank_end] hormones
-[blank_start]paracrine[blank_end] - act on neighbouring cells (eg. [blank_start]gastrin[blank_end])
-[blank_start]autocrine[blank_end] - act on the same cell that secreted them- ACirculating
- BLocal
- Cparacrine
- Dgastrin
- Eautocrine
4HPA Axis
-b[blank_start]lood pressure[blank_end]
-s[blank_start]tress response[blank_end]
-d[blank_start]igestion[blank_end]
-s[blank_start]exuality[blank_end]
STRESS comes
1. activates [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] to activate [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] response (vaso[blank_start]constriction[blank_end] in d[blank_start]igestive[blank_end] and e[blank_start]ndocrine[blank_end] system / vaso[blank_start]dilation[blank_end] in m[blank_start]uscles[blank_end] for release of [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end] for [blank_start]fight or flight[blank_end] response) and [blank_start]HPA[blank_end] axis
2. [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] releases [blank_start]corticotropin releasing hormone[blank_end] (CRH) via [blank_start]hypopheseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]CRH[blank_end] binds to [blank_start]corticotrophs[blank_end] on anterior pituitary gland
4. stimulates the release of [blank_start]andrenocorticotropic hormone[blank_end] (ACTH) to [blank_start]adrenal glands[blank_end]
5. pituitary gland has [blank_start]fenestrated[blank_end] capillaries (holes) that allow hormones to move in and out
6. [blank_start]adrenal glands[blank_end] secrete [blank_start]cortisol[blank_end] until stress is removed- Alood pressure
- Btress response
- Cigestion
- Dexuality
- Ehypothalamus
- Fsympathetic
- Gconstriction
- Higestive
- Indocrine
- Jdilation
- Kuscles
- Ladrenaline
- Mfight or flight
- NHPA
- Ohypothalamus
- Pcorticotropin releasing hormone
- Qhypopheseal portal vein
- Ranterior pituitary gland
- SCRH
- Tcorticotrophs
- Uandrenocorticotropic hormone
- Vadrenal glands
- Wfenestrated
- Xadrenal glands
- Ycortisol
5Adrenal gland is consists of [blank_start]cortex[blank_end] and [blank_start]medulla[blank_end].
Cortex:
-has [blank_start]3[blank_end] layers
-[blank_start]synthesize[blank_end] and [blank_start]secrete[blank_end] steroid hormones upon demand
-c[blank_start]ortisol[blank_end], a[blank_start]ndrogens[blank_end], a[blank_start]ldosterone[blank_end]
Medulla:
-has [blank_start]1[blank_end] layer
-stores hormones in [blank_start]secretory granules[blank_end]
-[blank_start]catecholamines[blank_end] (epinephrine or norepinephrine)- Acortex
- Bmedulla
- C3
- Dsynthesize
- Esecrete
- Fortisol
- Gndrogens
- Hldosterone
- I1
- Jsecretory granules
- Kcatecholamines
6-[blank_start]high[blank_end] stress
-[blank_start]high[blank_end] production of cortisol
-[blank_start]high[blank_end] availability of glucose
-for [blank_start]cellular[blank_end] use (muscles and tissues have energy to respond)
-to facilitate [blank_start]fight or flight[blank_end] response
Cortisol
-surpresses [blank_start]metabolic[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]immune[blank_end] and [blank_start]digestive[blank_end] system
-resulting in further availabilty of [blank_start]glucose[blank_end]
Why do you still feel the tress even after the examination is over?
Because the stress hormones are released into the blood stream and "[blank_start]linger[blank_end]" in the body for days before it is broken down by the [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end]
What could be the effects of prolonged stress on your body functions?
[blank_start]Chronic[blank_end] disturbances in h[blank_start]omeostasis[blank_end]. May lead to chronic diseases.
-cortisol causes disfunction in the brain
-synaptic [blank_start]pruning[blank_end]- Ahigh
- Bhigh
- Chigh
- Dcellular
- Efight or flight
- Fmetabolic
- Gimmune
- Hdigestive
- Iglucose
- Jlinger
- Kenzymes
- LChronic
- Momeostasis
- Npruning
7D - [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end]
O - [blank_start]oxytocin[blank_end]
S - [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end]
E - [blank_start]endorphine[blank_end]- Adopamine
- Boxytocin
- Cserotonin
- Dendorphine
8HPT Axis
-[blank_start]metabolism[blank_end]
-[blank_start]growth[blank_end] and [blank_start]development[blank_end]
-[blank_start]catecolamine[blank_end] (epinephrine, norepineprine, dopamine) effect
Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones , leads to [blank_start]low[blank_end] metabolic rate
1. secretion of [blank_start]thyrotropin releasing hormones[blank_end] (TRH) via [blank_start]hypophyseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
2. binds to [blank_start]thyrotrophs[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
3. releases [blank_start]thyroid stimulating hormones[blank_end] to [blank_start]thyroid glands[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]thyroid glands[blank_end] release [blank_start]thyroid hormones[blank_end], [blank_start]T3[blank_end] and [blank_start]T4[blank_end]
5. until normal blood thyroid levels and metabolic rate are achieved
When blood with [blank_start]low[blank_end] temperature flows through hypothalamus, stimulates HPT axis
1. hypothalamus secretes [blank_start]thyrotropin releasing hormones[blank_end] (TRH) via [blank_start]hypopheseal veins[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
2. binds to [blank_start]thyrotrophs[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior pituitary glands[blank_end]
3. stimulates secretion of [blank_start]thyroid stimulating hormone[blank_end] to [blank_start]thyroid gland[blank_end]
4. releases [blank_start]thyroid hormone[blank_end], T4?
5. enter the cells to increase [blank_start]enzyme synthesis[blank_end]
6. increases [blank_start]glucose metabolism[blank_end]
7. more [blank_start]ATP[blank_end] generated
8. more [blank_start]heat[blank_end] produced- Ametabolism
- Bgrowth
- Cdevelopment
- Dcatecolamine
- Elow
- Fthyrotropin releasing hormones
- Ghypophyseal portal vein
- Hanterior pituitary gland
- Ithyrotrophs
- Janterior pituitary glands
- Kthyroid stimulating hormones
- Lthyroid glands
- Mthyroid glands
- Nthyroid hormones
- OT3
- PT4
- Qlow
- Rthyrotropin releasing hormones
- Shypopheseal portal veins
- Tanterior pituitary glands
- Uthyrotrophs
- Vanterior pituitary glands
- Wthyroid stimulating hormone
- Xthyroid gland
- Ythyroid hormone
- Zenzyme synthesis
- AAglucose metabolism
- ABATP
- ACheat
9[blank_start]Hypophyseal[blank_end] portal system
-system of b[blank_start]lood vessels[blank_end]
-connecting [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] with [blank_start]anterior pituitary[blank_end]
-functions to transport and exchange [blank_start]hormones[blank_end] between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland- AHypophyseal
- Blood vessels
- Chypothalamus
- Danterior pituitary
- Ehormones
10T3 hormone:
-h[blank_start]eart function[blank_end]
-b[blank_start]rain function[blank_end]
-d[blank_start]igestion[blank_end]
T4:
-m[blank_start]etabolism[blank_end]
-m[blank_start]ood[blank_end]
-b[blank_start]ody temperature[blank_end]- Aeart function
- Brain function
- Cigestion
- Detabolism
- Eood
- Fody temperature
11[blank_start]Grave's[blank_end] disease
-h[blank_start]yperthyroidism[blank_end]
-inappropriate secretion of [blank_start]thyroid[blank_end] hormone
-high levels of [blank_start]T3[blank_end] and [blank_start]T4[blank_end] hormone
-causes [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback mechanism of HPT axis
-hence, low [blank_start]TSH[blank_end] in blood test
-despite inhibition from -ve feedback mechanism, [blank_start]auto-antibodies[blank_end] target [blank_start]TSH[blank_end] receptors on [blank_start]thyroid[blank_end] gland
-causing continuous activation and release of [blank_start]T3[blank_end] and [blank_start]T4[blank_end] into blood- AGrave's
- Byperthyroidism
- Cthyroid
- DT3
- ET4
- F-ve
- GTSH
- Hauto-antibodies
- ITSH
- Jthyroid
- KT3
- LT4
12HPG Axis
-[blank_start]reproductive system[blank_end]
-[blank_start]immune system[blank_end]
-[blank_start]aging[blank_end]
In MALES:
During puberty,
1. [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] secretes [blank_start]gonadotropin releasing hormone[blank_end] (GnRH) via [blank_start]hypophyseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary vein[blank_end]
2. binds to [blank_start]gonadotrophs[blank_end] on [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
3. secretes [blank_start]gonadotropins[blank_end] from anterior pituitary gland
4. [blank_start]luitenizing hormone[blank_end] (LH) secreted from apg
5. [blank_start]follicle stimulating hormone[blank_end] (FSH) secreted apg
6. LH and FSH travels into blood stream via [blank_start]hypophyseal veins[blank_end]
7. receptors for LH and FSH in [blank_start]gonads[blank_end]
Effects of LH hormone secretion on males
-secretion of LH form apg
-stimulates [blank_start]leydig cells[blank_end]
-increases secretion of [blank_start]testosterone[blank_end]
-some binds with [blank_start]androgen binding protein[blank_end] (ABP) from [blank_start]sertoli cells[blank_end]
-some converts to [blank_start]dihydrotestosterone[blank_end] (DHT) by [blank_start]5alpha resuctase[blank_end] enzyme
-[blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback mechanism surpresses secretion of [blank_start]LH[blank_end] and [blank_start]GnRH[blank_end]
Effects of FSH hormone secretion
-secretion of FSH
-stimulate [blank_start]sertoli cells[blank_end]
-secretion of [blank_start]androgen binding protein[blank_end] (ABP) - promotes [blank_start]testosterone[blank_end] and [blank_start]DHT[blank_end] levels to remin [blank_start]high[blank_end]
-[blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback secretes [blank_start]inhibin[blank_end] to surpress secretion of [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] from apg- Areproductive system
- Bimmune system
- Caging
- Dhypothalamus
- Egonadotropin releasing hormone
- Fhypophyseal portal vein
- Ganterior pituitary gland
- Hgonadotrophs
- Ianterior pituitary gland
- Jgonadotropins
- Kluitenizing hormone
- Lfollicle stimulating hormone
- Mhypophyseal veins
- Ngonads
- Oleydig cells
- Ptestosterone
- Qandrogen binding protein
- Rsertoli cells
- Sdihydrotestosterone
- T5alpha reductase
- U-ve
- VLH
- WGnRH
- Xsertoli cells
- Yandrogen binding protein
- Ztestosterone
- AADHT
- ABhigh
- AC-ve
- ADinhibin
- AEFSH
13Activation of HPG axis during puberty is caused by:
[blank_start]Testosterone[blank_end] in males
-[blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] in females
important for
-development of [blank_start]secondary[blank_end] sex characteristics ([blank_start]physiological[blank_end] changes)
-development of sexual [blank_start]dimorphism[blank_end] and behaviour ([blank_start]psychological[blank_end] changes) - deterime how [blank_start]neurons[blank_end] synapse and migrate
HPG axis continues to function in males , although activity in decreased with [blank_start]aging[blank_end], but becomes deregulated in females, leading to [blank_start]menopause[blank_end]- ATestosterone
- Bestrogen
- Csecondary
- Dphysiological
- Edimorphism
- Fpsychological
- Gneurons
- Haging
- Imenopause
14In FEMALES
At puberty
1.secretion of [blank_start]gonadotropin releasing hormone[blank_end] (GnRH) via [blank_start]hypophyseal portal vein[blank_end] to [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
2. binds to [blank_start]gonadotrophs[blank_end] at [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end]
3. stimulates release of [blank_start]gonadotropin[blank_end] hormone
4. release of [blank_start]LH[blank_end] from apg
5. release of [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] from apg
FSH and LH regulate [blank_start]ovarian[blank_end] and [blank_start]menstrual[blank_end] cycle.
1. [blank_start]Ovarian[blank_end] cycle
-to prepare ovary for the release of [blank_start]secondary oocyte[blank_end] / [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of follicle
-consists of [blank_start]follicular[blank_end] phase, [blank_start]ovulation[blank_end], [blank_start]luteal[blank_end] phase, new follicular phase
2. Menstrual / [blank_start]uterine[blank_end] cycle
-development of [blank_start]endometrium[blank_end] wall
-to prepare endometrium to receive fertilized egg
-consists of [blank_start]menstrual[blank_end] phase, [blank_start]proliferative[blank_end] phase, secretory/[blank_start]progestational[blank_end] phase, new menstrual phase- Agonadotropin releasing hormone
- Bhypophyseal portal vein
- Canterior pituitary gland
- Dgonadotrophs
- Eanterior pituitary gland
- Fgonadotropin
- GLH
- HFSH
- Iovarian
- Jmenstrual
- KOvarian
- Luterine
- Msecondary oocyte
- Nmaturation
- Ofollicular
- Povulation
- Qluteal
- Rendometrium
- Smenstrual
- Tproliferative
- Uprogestational
15Ovarian cycle
-at onset puberty, alternates between 2 phases
-[blank_start]follicular[blank_end] phase - 1st day of menses till ovulation - development of [blank_start]primary[blank_end] follicles to [blank_start]matured[blank_end] follicles
-[blank_start]luteal[blank_end] phase - after ovulation to when menses begin again - presence of [blank_start]corpus luteum[blank_end]
-ovarian cycle is disrupted by [blank_start]pregnancy[blank_end] and terminated by [blank_start]menopause[blank_end]
sperms have to penetrate 2 layers:
-z[blank_start]ona pellucide[blank_end]
-c[blank_start]orona radiata[blank_end]
Effects of FSH on follicular phase of ovarian cycle
-induces p[blank_start]roliferation[blank_end] and d[blank_start]ifferentiation[blank_end] of [blank_start]granulosa[blank_end] cells in d[blank_start]eveloping[blank_end] follicles
-begins to secrete [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]inhibin[blank_end]
-[blank_start]low[blank_end] level of estrogen stimulates [blank_start]HPG[blank_end] axis, increases [blank_start]LH[blank_end] and [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] secretion
-[blank_start]inhibin[blank_end] inhibits [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] secretion via [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback
-only [blank_start]LH[blank_end] increases
-induces [blank_start]secondary oocyte[blank_end] development
-induces expression of [blank_start]LH[blank_end] receptors on granulosa cells
Effects of LH on follicular phase in ovarian cycle
-induces [blank_start]androgen[blank_end] synthesis by [blank_start]theca[blank_end] cells in [blank_start]developing[blank_end] cells , [blank_start]androgen[blank_end] converts to [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] by [blank_start]granulosa[blank_end] cells
-stimulates p[blank_start]roliferation[blank_end], d[blank_start]ifferentiation[blank_end] and s[blank_start]ecretion[blank_end] of [blank_start]theca[blank_end] cells
-increases [blank_start]LH[blank_end] receptors o [blank_start]granulosa[blank_end] cells
-[blank_start]LH[blank_end] surge causes [blank_start]ovulation[blank_end] and luteinization of reuptured follicle
Effect of LH on luteal phase in ovarian cycle
-corpus luteum maintained by [blank_start]low[blank_end] levels of [blank_start]LH[blank_end] before degenerating
-corpus luteum secretes large amounts of [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end], [blank_start]moderate[blank_end] amount of [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] - to prepare [blank_start]endometrium[blank_end] for implantation
-[blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] levels cause [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback inhibition of [blank_start]HPG[blank_end] axis - drop in [blank_start]LH/FSH/GnRH[blank_end] - prevent [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of follicles before next ovarian cycle
Luteal phase
-when corpus luteum degenerates
-[blank_start]LH[blank_end] levels too low
-low levels of [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end]
-stimulates release of [blank_start]prostaglandin[blank_end] - which leads to [blank_start]mestrual[blank_end] phase
-removes [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback inhibition of HPG axis
-[blank_start]LH[blank_end] and [blank_start]FSh[blank_end] increases again as new ovarian cycle starts
-is fertilization takes place, corpus luteum is maintained by hCG ([blank_start]human chorionic gonadotropin hormone[blank_end]) - [blank_start]continues[blank_end] to secrete estrogen and progesterone
Menstrual cycle
-[blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] and [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] released during ovarian cycle induxce changes in uterus to prepare for implantation
-through [blank_start]follicular[blank_end] phase, rising [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] levels stimulates growth of the endometrium and myometrium ([blank_start]proliferative[blank_end] phase)
-causes [blank_start]endometrial[blank_end] cells to produce [blank_start]receptors[blank_end] for [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] - prime the endometrium to respond to [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end]
-throughout- Afollicular
- Bluteal
- Cprimary
- Dmatured
- Ecorpus luteum
- Fpregnancy
- Gmenopause
- Hona pellucide
- Iorona radiata
- Jroliferation
- Kifferentiation
- Lgranulosa
- Meveloping
- Nestrogen
- Oinhibin
- Plow
- QHPG
- RLH
- SFSH
- Tinhibin
- UFSH
- V-ve
- WLH
- Xsecondary oocyte
- YLH
- Zandrogen
- AAtheca
- ABdeveloping
- ACandrogen
- ADestrogen
- AEgranulosa
- AFroliferation
- AGifferentiation
- AHecretion
- AItheca
- AJLH
- AKgranulosa
- ALLH
- AMovulation
- ANlow
- AOLH
- APprogesterone
- AQmoderate
- ARestrogen
- ASendometrium
- ATestrogen
- AUprogesterone
- AV-ve
- AWHPG
- AXLH/FSH/GnRH
- AYmaturation
- AZLH
- BAestrogen
- BBprogesterone
- BCprostaglandin
- BDmestrual
- BE-ve
- BFLH
- BGFSH
- BHhuman chorionic gonadotropin hormone
- BIcontinues
- BJestrogen
- BKprogesterone
- BLfollicular
- BMestrogen
- BNproliferative
- BOendometrial
- BPreceptors
- BQprogesterone
- BRprogesterone
16PG axis can either be stimulated ([blank_start]+ve[blank_end] feedback) or inhibited ([blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback) depending on plsama [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] levels:
-low - [blank_start]stimulates[blank_end]
-moderate - [blank_start]inhibits[blank_end]
-high - [blank_start]stimulates[blank_end]- A+ve
- B-ve
- Cestrogen
- Dstimulates
- Einhibits
- Fstimulates
17During [blank_start]mid[blank_end] follicular phase,
-granulosa cells release [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end]
-[blank_start]moderate[blank_end] plasma estrogne levels, causing [blank_start]-ve[blank_end] feedback on HPG axis
-inhibition of [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end], low [blank_start]GnRH[blank_end] release
-inhibition of [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end], low [blank_start]gonadotropin[blank_end] release, low [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] release
-[blank_start]LH[blank_end] secretion not affected (needa prepare for [blank_start]ovulation[blank_end])
-granulosa cells roduce [blank_start]inibin[blank_end] to further inhibit [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] secretion
-[blank_start]FSH[blank_end] levels decrease even more
During [blank_start]late f[blank_end]oliicular phase:
-[blank_start]high[blank_end] levels of plasma [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] levels, causing [blank_start]+ve[blank_end] feedback in HPG axis
-initiates [blank_start]LH[blank_end] surge by
-directly stimulating the [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end], increase [blank_start]GnRH[blank_end] secretion, stimulates [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end] to release more [blank_start]gonadotropin[blank_end], [blank_start]LH[blank_end] and [blank_start]FSH[blank_end]
-and directly stimulating [blank_start]LH[blank_end] secreting cells in [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end], to further increase [blank_start]LH[blank_end] secretion- Amid
- Bestrogen
- Cmoderate
- D-ve
- Ehypothalamus
- FGnRH
- Ganterior pituitary gland
- Hgonadotropin
- IFSH
- JLH
- Kovulation
- Linibin
- MFSH
- NFSH
- Olate f
- Phigh
- Qestrogen
- R+ve
- SLH
- Thypothalamus
- UGnRH
- Vanterior pituitary gland
- Wgonadotropin
- XLH
- YFSH
- ZLH
- AAanterior pituitary gland
- ABLH
181.[blank_start]menstrual[blank_end] phase of menstrual cycle coincides with the [blank_start]early[blank_end] follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
2. [blank_start]proliferative[blank_end] phase of menstrual cycle coincides with the [blank_start]late[blank_end] follicular phase of ovarian cycle
3. [blank_start]secretory[blank_end] / progestational phase of mestrual cycle coincides woth the [blank_start]luteal[blank_end] phase of the ovrian cycle
-large numbers of [blank_start]WBC[blank_end] found in the menstrual flow
-[blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] causes self repair and growth of the endometrium and myometrium
-corpus luteum secretes a large amount of [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] and [blank_start]moderate[blank_end] amounts of estrogen
-[blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] acts on the endometrium primed by [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] with progesterone receptors to provide environment for implantation by-inducing endometrial glands to secrete [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end] filled tissues
-cause accumulation of [blank_start]water[blank_end] and electrolytes (to become loose)
-causes growht of endometrium [blank_start]blood vessels[blank_end]
-reducing c[blank_start]ontractility[blank_end] of uterus- Amenstrual
- Bearly
- Cproliferative
- Dlate
- Esecretory
- Fluteal
- GWBC
- Hestrogen
- Iprogesterone
- Jmoderate
- Kprogesterone
- Lestrogen
- Mglycogen
- Nwater
- Oblood vessels
- Pontractility
19birth control pills contain
-low levels of [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end] (with some [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end])
-lead to [blank_start]moderate[blank_end] levels of [blank_start]estrogen[blank_end]
-[blank_start]inhibits[blank_end] HPG axis
-no secretion of [blank_start]LH[blank_end] and [blank_start]FSH[blank_end] and [blank_start]GnRH[blank_end]
-no [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of [blank_start]primary[blank_end] follicles
-no [blank_start]LH[blank_end] surge
-no [blank_start]ovulation[blank_end]- Aestrogen
- Bprogesterone
- Cmoderate
- Destrogen
- Einhibits
- FLH
- GFSH
- HGnRH
- Imaturation
- Jprimary
- KLH
- Lovulation
20fertility awareness method:
-record wife's [blank_start]menstrual cycle[blank_end] for few months
-count number of [blank_start]days[blank_end] since wife's last menses
-take [blank_start]basal[blank_end] body temperature
-[blank_start]thinning[blank_end] of cervical mucous- Amenstrual cycle
- Bbasal
- Cdays
- Dthinning
Información
- Descripción
- Year 1 Human Physiology Test sobre Chapter 4: Endocrine system, creado por Emilyn Yapp el 23/02/2022.
- Autor
- Emilyn Yapp
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 0
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test