HYPERTENSION

1. 1Systolic blood pressure is elevated when it is over:

   1. A120mmHg.
   2. B130mmHg.
   3. C160mmHg.
   4. D140mmHg.
   5. E150mmHg.
2. 2Diastolic blood pressure is elevated when it is over:

   1. A80mmHg.
   2. B90mmHg.
   3. C95mmHg.
   4. D100mmHg.
   5. E110mmHg.
3. 3Which factors are able to increase systemic blood pressure?:

   1. AStroke volume of the heart.
   2. BCardiac output.
   3. CTotal peripheral vascular resistance (TPR).
   4. D2, 3.
   5. E1, 2, 3.
4. 4Blood pressure is increased when there is:

   1. APrevalence of pressor mechanisms.
   2. BActivation of pressor and depressor factors.
   3. CInsuffiecient depressor factors.
   4. DPressor-depressor dissociation.
   5. E1, 3.
   6. F1, 2, 3, 4.
5. 5Arterial hypertension is acondition of:

   1. AElevated blood pressure adequate to metabolic needs.
   2. BForm of adaptation to generalized hyperperfusion.
   3. CFunctionally inadequate elevated blood pressure.
   4. DForm of maintaining blood flow in vital organs.
   5. ECirculatory overcompensation.
6. 6What is the pathogenetic classification of arterial hypertension?

   1. ACongenital and acquired.
   2. BUncompensated and overcompensated.
   3. CInfectious and non-infectious.
   4. DEssential and symptomatic.
   5. ELocalized and generalized.
   6. FAccording to age and gender.
7. 7Which factors play an important role in the genesis of essential hypertension?

   1. AAcute infections.
   2. BPsychological traumas.
   3. CGenetic predisposition.
   4. DKidney diseases.
   5. E2, 3.
   6. F1, 2, 3, 4.
8. 8Which pathogenic units are involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension?

   1. AVessels.
   2. BRenal.
   3. CAutoimmune.
   4. DMetabolic-perfusion.
   5. E1, 2.
   6. F1, 2, 3, 4.
9. 9Retention of sodium and water in patients with essential hypertension is associated with:

   1. ADecreased excretion of sodium and water.
   2. BLost potential of sodium and water excretion.
   3. CNeuro-dependent retention of sodium and water.
   4. DRenoprival retention of sodium and water.
   5. EVasopressin-dependent sodium and water retention.
10. 10Renin is:

    1. AHormone produced by the kidneys
    2. BHormone that stimulates the function of the adrenal glands
    3. CEnzyme produced by the kidneys
    4. DEnzyme that catalyzes ATI-->ATII conversion
    5. E1,2
    6. F3,4

11. 11What is the classification of essential hypertension accoding to the dominant pathogenetic
    mechanism?

    1. AHyper-, normo- and hypoperfussion.
    2. BHyperkinetic, volume and vasoconstrictory.
    3. CHigh, normal and low-flow.
    4. DHyper-, normo- and hyporeactive.
    5. EStretch- and chemoreceptor dependent.
12. 12Vasoconstriction elevates blood pressure by:

    1. AIncreasing heart rate.
    2. BIncreasing cardiac output.
    3. CIncreased afterload.
    4. DIncreased total peripheral resistance.
    5. EGeneralized tissue hypoperfusion.
13. 13How the hyperkinetic mechanism increases blood pressure?

    1. AVenoconstriction increases central blood flow.
    2. BPrimary hypervolemia.
    3. CPositive chornotropic and inotropic effects.
    4. DGeneralized arterio-venous shunting of blood.
    5. E1, 3.
    6. F1, 2, 4.
14. 14The main pathogenetic unit of volume-dependent arterial hypertension is:

    1. ADecreased renal excretion of sodium and water.
    2. BIncreased sympathetic tone.
    3. CLost baroreceptor depressor mechanism.
    4. DGenetically, higher extracellular volume.
    5. EIneffective Darrow-Yannet mechanism.
15. 15Mandatory factor for stabilization of high blood pressure is:

    1. A.Sustainable increase in extracellular fluid volume.
    2. BIncreased peripheral vascular resistance inadequate to the actual blood volume.
    3. CInadequately elevated hematocrit.
    4. DShortened circulating time.
    5. EIncreased cardiac output.
16. 16Which renal prostaglandin has depressor activity?

    1. APgF2α.
    2. BPgE2 and A2.
    3. CPgD and H.
    4. DPgA2 and B2.
    5. EEndoperoxide.
17. 17Which are the pathogenic forms of renal hypertension?

    1. AAcute and chronic.
    2. BLatent and manifested.
    3. CRenal-parenchymal and renal-vascular.
    4. DCompensated and decompensated.
    5. E1, 2.
18. 18Renal-parenchymal hypertension develops in cases of:

    1. AGlomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis.
    2. BSurgical removalof the kidney.
    3. CFibromuscular hyperplasia of a. renalis.
    4. DEmbolism of a. renalis.
    5. EPresence of an aberrant vessel.
19. 19The main pathogenetic mechanism in renal-parenchymal hypertension is:

    1. ARelatively increased renin activity.
    2. BDecreased ability of the kidneys to excrete sodium and water.
    3. CIncreased level of renal prostaglandins and kinins.
    4. D1, 3.
    5. E1, 2.
20. 20Renal-vascular hypertension develops in:

    1. AReduction of the renal parenchyma.
    2. BStenosis of a.renalis.
    3. CBilateral nephrectomy.
    4. DPolycystic kidney disease.
    5. EAcute pyelonephritis.
21. 21Which is the main pathogenetic mechanism for development of renal-vascular hypertension?

    1. ADecreased ability of the kidneys to excrete Na+
       and water.
    2. BIncreased concentration of Na+ in the blood vessel wall.
    3. CActivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
    4. DStimulation of the depressor part of the vasomotor center.
    5. EReduced sensitivity of the renal receptors for ADH.
22. 22Arterial hypertension in atherosclerosis is a result of:

    1. AIncreased Na+ concentration in the blood.
    2. BIncreased release of pressor factors.
    3. CReduced elasticity of the large arterial vessels.
    4. DIncreased pressor effect of the vasomotorcenter.
    5. E1, 4.
23. 23Arterial hypertension in thyrotoxicosis is:

    1. ADiastolic type.
    2. BSystolic /hyperkinetic/ type.
    3. CVolume type.
    4. DBlood pressure is not affected in thyrotoxicosis.
    5. ESystolic-diastolic type.
24. 24The main hypertensive mechanism in hyperaldosteronism is:

    1. ASpasm of the peripheral blood vessels.
    2. BIncreased Na+ and water retention in the body.
    3. CSensitization of the vascular wall to pressor factors.
    4. DHypertrophy of the vascular wall.
    5. EStimulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
25. 25The main hypertensive mechanism in hyperglucocorticism is:

    1. APeripheral blood vessels spasm.
    2. BIncreased Na+ and water retention in the body.
    3. CSensitization of the vascular wall to pressor factors.
    4. DHypertrophy of the vascular wall.
    5. EAltered sensitivity of stretch- and chemoreceptors.
26. 26Endocrine hypertension in pheochromocytoma is determined by:

    1. AIncreased peripheral vascular resistance.
    2. BTachycardia with increased cardiac output.
    3. CIncreased Na+ and water retention in the body.
    4. D1.2, 3.
    5. E1, 2.

Descripción

Medicine Test sobre HYPERTENSION, creado por Ali Suleman el 03/04/2022.

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Ali Suleman

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