3665849
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the correct order of the central dogma of gene expression?
Respuesta
-
DNA--> Translation-->RNA--> Transcription-->Protein
-
DNA--> Transcription-->RNA-->Translation-->Protein
-
RNA-->Transcription-->DNA-->Translation-->Protein
-
RNA-->Translation-->DNA-->Transcription-->Protein
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What are components of a nucleotide?
Respuesta
-
Sugar
-
Nitrogen containing base
-
Phosphate
-
Carbon
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
RNA and DNA differ in the sugar component of one of the bases
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What contains the sugar ribose?
Respuesta
-
RNA
-
DNA
-
mRNA
-
tRNA
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Purines are
Respuesta
-
Adenine and Guanine
-
Adenine and Cytosine
-
Guanine and thymine
-
Cytosine and thymine
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Pyrimidines are
Respuesta
-
Adenine and guanine
-
Adenine and thymine
-
Cytosine and adenine
-
Cytosine and thymine
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Nucleic acid sequences are written in what direction?
Respuesta
-
One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 3'carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar
-
One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A base bound to a sugar is called a [blank_start]nucleoside[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
nucleoside
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Nucleoside of DNA are
Respuesta
-
Deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
-
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
-
deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytosine, deoxyuracil
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Deoxythymidine, rarely occurs in RNA, simply called thymidine
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Nucleoside of RNA are
Respuesta
-
deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
-
adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine
-
adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
-
deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuracil
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
A nucleotide is a nucleoside with only 1 phosphoryl group attached
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Nucleotide [blank_start]triphosphates[blank_end] are the building blocks of [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] and [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
triphosphates
-
Adenosine
-
trisugars
-
DNA
-
tRNA
-
mRNA
-
RNA
-
mRNA
-
tRNA
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
DNA molecules are very long some consisting of more than [blank_start]1 billion[blank_end] nucleotides
Respuesta
-
1 billion
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Walls interactions
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Adenine always forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] while guanine forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]cytosine[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
thymine
-
cytosine
-
cytosine
-
thymine
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between base pairs as well as hydrophobic interactions called
Respuesta
-
stacking forces
-
semiconservative replication
-
Van der Walls interactions
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Because of the base pair rules, the sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the partner strand
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Because the two daughter helices have one parent strand one newly synthesized strand, the replication process is called
Respuesta
-
Stacking forces
-
Semiconservative replication
-
Conservative replication
-
DNA polymerase
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What are the key characteristics of DNA synthesis
Respuesta
-
Four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and Mg2+ are required
-
A template strand is used to direct RNA synthesis
-
A primer from which the new strand grows must be absent
-
Many DNA polymerases have nuclease activity that allows for the removal of mismatched bases
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Some viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus, have [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] genomes that are replicated by [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]-directed [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] polymerases
Respuesta
-
RNA
-
RNA
-
RNA
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, have single-stranded RNA genomes that are converted into DNA double helices by the action of
Respuesta
-
Transcriptase
-
Translation
-
Reverse transcriptase
-
Reverse translation
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
All cellular RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerases
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called translation, a process catalyzed by RNA polymerase
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
RNA polymerase has the following requirements
Respuesta
-
Template
-
The sequence of the newly-synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template
-
coding strand
-
Activated precursors in the form of the 4 ribonucleoside
-
Divalent metal ions
-
Base pair
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
RNA polymerase initiates and elongates the RNA product, with the chain growing in the [blank_start]5'[blank_end] to [blank_start]3'[blank_end] direction
Respuesta
-
5'
-
3'
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Several kinds of RNA play a role in gene expression, what are three most abundant classes of RNA
Respuesta
-
Ribosomal RNA
-
Messenger RNA
-
Transfer RNA
-
Translate RNA
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
RNA polymerases take instructions from DNA templates
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Transcription begins near the [blank_start]promoter[blank_end] sites and ends at [blank_start]terminator[blank_end] sites
Respuesta
-
promoter
-
terminator
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Promoters are
Respuesta
-
Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
-
Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
-
Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper terminator site
-
Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper terminator site
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The average of variation in the sequence of a promoter for different genes is called [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence
Respuesta
-
consensus
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The RNA complement of the DNA stop signal forms a hairpin structure, followed by several thymine residues
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What is required for transcription termination
Respuesta
-
Protein rho
-
Protein thy
-
Protein gly
-
Protein leu
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
In eukaryotes,
Respuesta
-
The 3' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail
-
The 5' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
-
The 5' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
-
The 3' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Transfer RNA molecules react with
Respuesta
-
specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
-
one amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
-
specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-mRNA synthetases
-
Specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Transfer RNA molecules also contain a template recognition site, called
Respuesta
-
the anticodon
-
the codon
-
the initiator
-
the terminator
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Anticodon consist of
Respuesta
-
2 bases
-
3 bases
-
complementary 3 base sequence in the rRNA
-
complementary 3 base sequence in the mRNA
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Protein synthesis is the process of translation
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Characteristics of the genetic code are
Respuesta
-
three nucleotides, called a codon
-
code is overlapping
-
code is nonoverlapping
-
code has punctuation
-
code has no punctuation
-
Code is read from 5' end of the mRNA to the 3' end
-
code is degenerate in that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Degeneracy
Respuesta
-
amino acids encoded by 1 codon
-
amino acids encoded by more than 1 codon
-
minimizes deleterious effects of mutations
-
maximizes deleterious effects of mutations
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Messenger RNA is translated on ribosomes
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The genetic code is nearly universal
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Eukaryotic genes are discontinuous
Respuesta
-
with coding regions called exons, interrupted by noncoding regions called introns
-
with noncoding regions called introns, interrupted by coding regions called exons
-
with coding regions called introns, interrupted by noncoding regions called exons
-
with interrupted regions called exons, coding regions called introns
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Many exons encode
Respuesta
-
protein domains
-
amino acids
-
rRNA
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Introns almost always begin with GU and end with an AG
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The gene for the β- chain of human hemoglobin has [blank_start]3[blank_end] exons and [blank_start]2[blank_end] introns
Respuesta
-
3
-
2
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
RNA processing generates mature RNA
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
[blank_start]Pre-messeneger[blank_end] RNA contains exons and introns
Respuesta
-
Pre-messeneger
-
tRNA
-
mRNA
-
rRNA
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