458705
Descripción
Test por cloud.berry, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por cloud.berry
hace más de 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Control and communication within the body involves the..
Respuesta
-
endocrine system
-
nervous system
-
systemic circulation
-
pulmonary circulation
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The nervous system is built from nerve cells called ____ which have a ___ containing the ___ and the bulk of the ___ .
Respuesta
-
neurones | nucleus | body | cytoplasm
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neurones | body | nucleus | cytoplasm
-
neurones | body | nucleus | electrical impulses
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Neurones are specialised for the transmission of information in the form nerve impulses.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
An ___ is a ___ reversal in the ___ in the ___ of neurone.
Respuesta
-
impulse | momentary | electrical potential difference | membrane
-
impulse | permanent | electrical potential difference | cytoplasm
-
shock | momentary | electrical difference | membrane
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
In mammals the transmission of an impulse along a fibre occurs at speed between 100 -120 mps only.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Neurones are grouped together to form a ___ which consist of the ___ and ___ . To and from this run nerves of the ___ .
Respuesta
-
central nervous system | brain | spinal cord | peripheral nervous system
-
peripheral nervous system | heart | spinal cord | central nervous system
-
central nervous system | brain | rib-cage | secondary nervous system
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The three types of neurone are:
Respuesta
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relay neurone
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motory neurone
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sensory neurone
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dendrites
-
motor neurone
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bridging neurone
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Neurones have many fine ___ that bring impulses toward the ___ and a single long ___ which carried the impulse away from that.
Respuesta
-
axons | nucleus | myelin sheath
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dendrites | cell body | axon
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motor end plates | node of Ranvier | axon
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The function of the motor neurone is to carry impulses from the ___ to a ___ which are also known as ___ .
Respuesta
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peripheral nervous system | muscle | effectors
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central nervous system | muscle | effectors
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central nervous system | gland | effectors
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central nervous system | muscle | sensors
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
One of the supporting cells that surrounds a neurone is a ___ which becomes wrapped around the ___ of ___ neurones and form a structure called a ___ .
Respuesta
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schwann cell | axon | relay | myelin sheath
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schwann cell | axon | sensory | myelin sheath
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myelin sheath | axon | motor | schwann cell
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Myelin consists of largely ___ and has a ___ electrical resistance; frequent junctions also occur along the sheath between individual ___ called ___ .
Respuesta
-
lipid | low | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier
-
protein | high | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier
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carbon | high | schwann cells | nodes of river
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lipid | high | schwann cells | nodes of Ranvier
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
An impulse is a momentary reversal in the electrical potential difference in the membrane - a change in the position of ___ between the inside and outside of the membrane of the nerve fibres.
Respuesta
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charged ions
-
charged electrons
-
charged protons
-
charged molecules
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substances
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The resting potential is the ___ across a nerve cell ___ when it is ___ -normally about ___ .
Respuesta
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difference in charged ions | membrane | not being stimulated | 70mV
-
potential difference | membrane | not being stimulated | -70mV
-
potential difference | cytoplasm | being stimulated | 80mV
-
potential difference | membrane | being stimulated | -70mV
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
When the nerve fibre has been ___, we mean that the ___ has been ___ across the neurone ___ after a nerve impulse has been transmitted.
Respuesta
-
repolarised | potential difference | re-established | membrane
-
re-established | electrical difference | depolarised | membrane
-
resting | potential difference | re-established | cytoplasm
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The resting potential is the product of the active transport of potassium ions in across the membrane and sodium ions out across the membrane only.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The active transport of ___ in across the membrane & ___ out occurs by a ___ using energy from ___ .
Respuesta
-
potassium ions | sodium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ATP
-
sodium ions | potassium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ATP
-
potassium ions | sodium ions | K+/Na+ pump | ADP
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Facilitated diffusion of ___ out and ___ back in occurs after an impulse has passed, but since the membrane is far more permeable to ___ flowing ___ than ___ it causes the tissue fluid ___ the neurone to contain many more ___ than are present in the ___ .
Respuesta
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potassium | sodium | potassium | back out | sodium ions flowing in | outside | positive ions | cytoplasm inside
-
potassium | sodium | potassium | back out | sodium ions flowing in | inside | positive ions | cytoplasm outside
-
sodium | potassium | sodium | back out | potassium ions flowing in | outside | positive ions | cytoplasm inside
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The ___ is the potential difference produced across the ___ of the nerve cell when stimulated, reversing the resting potential from from about ___ to ___ .
Respuesta
-
resting potential | plasma membrane | 40mV | -70mV
-
action potential | plasma membrane | -70mV | 40mV
-
action potential | cytoplasm | 70mV | -40mV
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
An action potential is triggered by a stimulus received at a receptor cell or sensitive nerve ending. The energy of the stimulus causes a temporary and local reversal of the resting potential -brief depolarisation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
During a ___ the ___ located along the membrane are ___ .
Respuesta
-
resting potential | ion channels | closed
-
resting potential | globular protein channels | open
-
resting period | ion channels | closed
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The transfer of energy of the stimulus first ___ the gates of the ___ in the ___ and ___ ___ ___, down their electrochemical gradient.
Respuesta
-
opens | sodium channels | plasma membrane | sodium ions | diffuse | in
-
opens | potassium channels | plasma membrane | potassium ions | diffuse | in
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closes | sodium channels | plasma membrane | sodium ions | are carried across | into the cytoplasm
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The electrical properties of an ion are due to its charge and its attraction to the opposite one; the chemical properties are due to concentration in the solution.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
When the ___ channels first open, the ___ becomes more ___ in comparison to the ___ of the neurone.
Respuesta
-
sodium | cytoplasm | positive | outside
-
potassium | cytoplasm | positive | outside
-
sodium | outside | positive | inside
-
potassium | cytoplasm | negative | outside
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When the charge in a neurone has been ___ an ___ has been created. It then runs the length of the neurone fibre before a ___ begins to be ____ .
Respuesta
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re-established | action potential | resting potential | established
-
reversed | resting potential | action potential | re-established
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reversed | action potential | resting potential | re-eestablished
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
After the action potential has passed, the ___ channels close and the ___ channels open, allowing ___ to exit the cell into the fluid tissue outside down their electrochemical gradient. The inside of the cell becomes less ___ again and finally the potassium channels close and the ___ potential is ___ .
Respuesta
-
potassium | sodium | potassium | negative | resting | established
-
sodium | potassium | potassium | positive | resting | re-established
-
potassium |sodium | sodium | positive | action | re-established
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Following the passage of the resting potential, the neurone fibre is no longer excitable for about 5 - 10 milliseconds and this is called the refractory period.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The all or nothing principle refers to the fact that a stimulus must be at or above the minimum intensity known as the minimum threshold of stimulation, in order to initiate an action potential.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
As the intensity of the stimulus increases, the frequency at which the action potentials pass along the fibre increases.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The ___ is the link point between two neurones.
Respuesta
-
Synapse
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Sinus
-
Cyanide
-
Node Of Ranvier
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A synapse consists of the ___ of the axon of a ___ and the ___ of a ___ .
Respuesta
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synaptic node | pre-synaptic neurone | nucleus | post-synaptic neurone
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synaptic knob | pre-synaptic neurone | cell body | post-synaptic neurone
-
synaptic knob | post-synaptic neurone | cell body | pre-synaptic neurone
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synaptic knob | pre-synaptic neurone | dendrite | post-synaptic neurone
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
At the synapse neurones have direct contact.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Between neurones there is a tiny gap called a synaptic cleft.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Action potentials can only pass through a synaptic cleft via chemicals known as ___ .
Respuesta
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Translators
-
Transmitter substances
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Communicator Chemicals
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Transmitter substances are produced in the ___ in the synaptic knob.
Respuesta
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Ribosomes
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Mitochondria
-
Golgi Apparatus
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Commonly occurring transmitter substances are..
Respuesta
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Dopamine
-
Acetyl coenzyme A
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Glutamic Acid
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Botox
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Noradrenalin
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Serotonin
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FSH
-
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The arrival of an action potential at the synaptic knob opens up ___ channels in the ____ membrane and these ions flow in from the synaptic cleft.
Respuesta
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sodium | post-synaptic
-
potassium | pre-synaptic
-
calcium | pre-synaptic
-
calcium | post-synaptic
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The calcium ions cause ___ of transmitter substances to fuse with the ___ synaptic membrane and release transmitter substances into the ___ .
Respuesta
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vesicles | pre | synaptic cleft
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sacs | pre | post-synaptic neurone
-
vesicles | post | synaptic cleft
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The transmitter substance then diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with ___ in the ___-synaptic neurone membrane.
Respuesta
-
transmitter proteins | post
-
receptor proteins | post
-
receptors| pre
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The attachment of a transmitter molecule onto its receptor instantly opens the ion channel.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
When a molecule of ACh attaches to its receptor site, a potassium channel opens.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
As sodium ions rush in ___ of the __-synaptic neurone happens.
Respuesta
-
depolarisation | post
-
polarisation | post
-
depolarisation | pre
-
repolarisation | pre
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
As more and more molecules of ACh bind to receptor site and more sodium ion channels are opened, it is increasingly likely that depolarisation will reach the threshold level and generate an action potential.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The process of build up in pre-synaptic membranes is called fascination.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
After some time enzyme action inactivates transmitter substances on receptors and this causes the ion channels to close, allowing a resting potential to be re-established in the post-synaptic neurone.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The inactivated products from the transmitter substances re-enter the ___ and are re-synthesised into transmitter substance.
Respuesta
-
post-synaptic knob
-
pre-synaptic knob
-
pre-synaptic neurone
-
post-synaptic neurone
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Hormones are chemical substances produced and secreted from the cells of ___ or ___ ___ .
Respuesta
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ductless | exocrine | glands
-
ductless | endocrine | glands
-
ductless | endocrine | tissues
-
duct | endocrine | organs
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Hormones are transported indiscriminately in the blood stream and act only at specific sites called target zones.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Hormones are broken down in the ___ and the products are excreted in the ___ .
Respuesta
-
liver | kidneys
-
liver | gut
-
kidneys | liver
-
duodenum | lungs
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
A Hormone circulates in the blood stream only briefly, so to be effective long-acting hormones must be secreted continuously.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
A hormone released from the pancreas that regulates blood glucose is..
Respuesta
-
Adrenaline
-
Oestrogen
-
Insulin
-
Testosterone
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