Past Papers

1. 1Which one of these "Jerk" reflexes will have the shortest latency?

   1. ATriceps jerk
   2. BKnee jerk
   3. CJaw jerk
   4. DAnkle jerk
   5. EBiceps jerk
2. 2Which one of these characteristics is most typical of a voluntary action as opposed to a reflex?

   1. ASpecific to stimulus
   2. BShort latency
   3. CGraded response
   4. DImproves with practice
   5. ESynapses with spinal cord only
3. 3Which one of these values gives the most appropriate range for the latency of the ankle jerk reflex?

   1. A25-35 milliseconds
   2. B50-100 milliseconds
   3. C2.5-3.5 milliseconds
   4. D2-3 milliseconds
   5. E250-350 milliseconds
4. 4Which one of the following statements about the jaw jerk reflex pathway is correct

   1. AThere is a synapse in the spinal cord
   2. BDigastric muscle is one of the effectors
   3. CThe afferent axons are a-delta fibres
   4. DThe receptors are in the chin
   5. EThe efferent axons are a-alpha fibres
5. 5Which part of the brain displays increased activity during perception of a painful stimulus?

   1. AAnterior cingulate cortex
   2. BSuperior temporal cortex
   3. CPosterior occipital cortex
   4. DInner cerebellar cortex
   5. EInferior pyriform cortex
6. 6Which of these pairs of nerve fibres are most closely associated with nociceptors?

   1. AA-alpha & A-beta fibres
   2. BA-delta & A-beta fibres
   3. CA-gamma & A-delta fibres
   4. DA-delta & C fibres
   5. EA-beta & A-gamma fibres
7. 7A muscle spindle is best classified as belonging to which one of these types of receptor

   1. APhotoreceptor
   2. BThermoreceptor
   3. CProprioceptor
   4. DNociceptor
   5. EChemoreceptor
8. 8A muscle spindle provides information about which one of the following aspects of muscle functions or properties?

   1. AMuscle pain
   2. BMuscle contraction
   3. CMuscle strength
   4. DMuscle fatigue
   5. EMuscle stretch
9. 9Which one of the following signs or symptoms is most indicative of an upper motor neuron region as opposed to a lower motor neuron region?

   1. AAbsence of reflexes
   2. BExaggerated reflexes
   3. CAbsence of voluntary movements
   4. DNumbness
   5. EMuscle atrophy
10. 10The motor impairments present in Parkinson's disease are due to a lack of which one of these neurotransmitters in the substantia nigra?

    1. ADopamine
    2. BNoradrenaline
    3. CGlycine
    4. DEnkephalin
    5. EAcetylcholine

11. 11Which one of the following features would be the most indicative of cerebellar impairment?

    1. AIntention tremor
    2. BResting tremor
    3. CLack of hand gesticulations
    4. DDifficulty in initiating movements
    5. E"Mask-like" facial expression
12. 12According to a recent report by Mcpharline et al on the prognosis of facial pain, which one of the following factors identified at initial examination was most predictive that the patient's pain would still be present 4 years later.

    1. AWell-localised pain
    2. BLack of physiological distress
    3. CAged less than 30 years
    4. DTaking medications
    5. EMale patience
13. 13Which one of these transmitter receptor combinations is most likely to be involved in the "wind-up" of neuropathic pain

    1. AGlutamate and nmda receptor
    2. BEnkephalin and mu type opiate receptor
    3. CNoradrenaline and alpha-adrenoreceptor
    4. DAcetyl choline and muscarinic receptor
    5. ENoradrenaline and beta adrenoreceptor
14. 14A young man receives a blow to the back of his head. The injury fractures his skull and damages the occipital lobe of his brain. Which of his senses is most likely to be affected?

    1. AHearing
    2. BSmell
    3. CTouch
    4. DTaste
    5. EVision
15. 15The myelin sheath investing some nerve axons consists mainly of what type of substance?

    1. ACollagen
    2. BPhospholipid
    3. CTriglyceride
    4. DCholesterol
    5. EProtein
16. 16Which of the following is the outermost connective tissue layer associated with a peripheral nerve?

    1. APerineurium
    2. BEpineurium
    3. CPerineum
    4. DExoneurium
    5. EEndoneurium
17. 17What is the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway used for?

    1. APain, temperature and course touch
    2. BProprioception, vibration and fine touch
18. 18What fibres are used for the Spinothalamic pathway?

    1. AA-delta fibres and C fibres
    2. BA-alpha fibres and A-beta fibres
19. 19Signals from the upper limb travel in the...?

    1. AFasciculus Cuneatus
    2. BFasciculus Gracillis
20. 20See Below for previous question.

    

    1. Ax
21. 21In the dorsal column medial leminiscus pathway for the lower limbs, where does the first order neuron synapse?

    1. AMedulla Oblongata
    2. BCunate nucleus of the medulla oblongata
    3. CMedial Lemniscus
    4. DGracile nucleus of the medulla oblongata
22. 22In the dorsal column medial leminiscus pathway, what neurons decussate, and where do they do it?

    1. AFirst order neurons, medulla oblongata
    2. BFirst order neurons, medial lemniscus
    3. CSecond order neurons, medulla oblongata
    4. DSecond order neurons, medial lemniscus
23. 23In the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway, what do the second order neurons travel through to reach the thalamus?

    1. ALemniscus
    2. BMedial lemniscus
    3. CMedulla oblongata
24. 24In the spinothalamic pathway, where does the first order neuron terminate?

    1. ADorsal horn
    2. BSubstantia gelatinosa
    3. CMedulla oblongata
25. 25In the spinothalamic pathway, what neuron decussates and where does it do this?

    1. ASecond order neuron, level of the spinal cord
    2. BFirst order neuron, medulla oblongata
    3. CFirst order neuron, level of the spinal cord
    4. DSecond order neuron, medulla oblongata
26. 26In the spinothalamic pathway, what do the second order neurons travel through to reach the thalamus?

    1. ASubstantia gelatinosa
    2. BSpinothalamic tract
    3. CMedial lemniscus
27. 27What is the name of the nucleus that the second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract terminate in?

    1. AVentral nucleus of the thalamus
    2. BPostolateral nucleus of the thalamus
    3. CVentral postolateral nucleus of the thalamus
28. 28In the spinothalamic pathway, where do the third order neurons terminate?

    1. APrimary sensory cortex of the brain
    2. BSensory cortex of the brain
29. 29What is the lateral spinothalamic tract and the anterior spinothalamic tract used for?

    1. ALateral spinothalamic tract = Pain and Temperature
       Anterior spinothalamic tract = Crude touch and pressure
    2. BLateral spinothalamic tract = Crude touch and pressure
       Anterior spinothalamic tract = Pain and temperature
30. 30In the posterior (dorsal) trigeminothalamic tract and the Anterior (ventral) trigeminothalamic tract, when the first order neurons travel from the skin to the brainstem/spinal cord, what do they travel through?

    1. ABrainstem nucleus
    2. BSomatosensory cortex
    3. CTrigenimal ganglion
31. 31In the posterior (dorsal) trigeminothalamic tract and the Anterior (ventral) trigeminothalamic tract, what neuron decussates and where does this take place?

    1. AFirst order neuron, whilst travelling from brainstem to thalamus
    2. BSecond order neuron, whilst travelling from brainstem to thalamus
    3. CSecond order neuron, in the spinal cord
    4. DFirst order neuron, in the spinal cord
32. 32In the posterior (dorsal) trigeminothalamic tract and the Anterior (ventral) trigeminothalamic tract, where does the third order neuron terminate?

    1. ASensory cortex of the brain
    2. BSomatosensory cortex of the brain
    3. CPrimary sensory cortex of the brain
33. 33What is the transmitter that is released from the endings of preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons?

    1. AAtropine
    2. BAcetylcholine
    3. CDopamine
    4. DAdrenaline
    5. ENoradrenaline
34. 34The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from which parts of the brainstem or segments of the spinal cord?
    (Read Explanation)

    1. ALumbar and sacral segments
    2. BSacral and coccygeal segments
    3. CCervical and thoracic segments
    4. DCranial nerves and sacral segments
    5. EThoracic and lumbar segments
35. 35The spinal cord ventral horn grey matter contains the cell bodies of which one of the following types of neuron?

    1. AMotor neurons
    2. BPurkinje cells
    3. CPyramidal cells
    4. DSensory neurons
    5. ESpinal ganglion cells

Descripción

Degree Pain and Reflexes Test sobre Past Papers, creado por Rosie Salande el 25/03/2016.

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Rosie Salande

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