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Behavioural 5&6

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Questions from Missions 5 and 6
Rachel Smith
Test por Rachel Smith, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Rachel Smith
Creado por Rachel Smith hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Because it can be paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers, money is a ____________________________.
Respuesta
  • generalised conditioned reinforcer
  •  generalised unconditioned reinforcer
  •  primary reinforcer

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
If you add a response cost to a token economy, you are adding a _______________________.
Respuesta
  • negative reinforcer
  • negative punisher
  •  positive punisher

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
__________________________ involves using a tone as a conditioned reinforcer in recall ranching of fish.
Respuesta
  • Implementing a token economy
  •  Temporal discrimination
  •  Acoustic conditioning

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
In a token economy, it is important to clearly explain and arrange how conditioned reinforcers will be ______________.
Respuesta
  • exchanged
  • changed
  • unconditioned

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
A person's ______________________ can account for variations in the stimuli that will serve as conditioned reinforcers or punishers for that person.
Respuesta
  •  personality
  •  learning history
  •  motivation

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
A potential mistake in setting up a token economies is to _______________________________.
Respuesta
  • stop the person bargaining with you
  •  thin the schedule
  •  define behaviours poorly

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Protopopova and Wynne (2015) found that the behaviour of dogs in a shelter could be improved to increase their chances of adoption. Under a differential reinforcement of other behaviour schedule (DRO), reinforcers are presented ___________________________________.
Respuesta
  • at fixed times but only if the undesirable behaviour is not occurring
  •  contingent on desirable behaviour
  •  contingent on undesirable behaviour

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
TAGTEACH, which involves a clicker as a conditioned reinforcer for human behaviour, is called ____________________________.
Respuesta
  •  teaching with unconditioned reinforcement
  •  teaching with acoustical guidance
  • conditioned teaching

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The difference between clicker training in animals and TAGTEACH is ___________________________________________.
Respuesta
  • there is no explicit pairing of the sound with a primary reinforcer in TAGTEACH
  • there is no backup reinforcer in TAGTEACH
  •  clicker training in animals is more effective

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
A conditioned reinforcer is also called a _______________________.
Respuesta
  • primary reinforcer
  • pairing reinforcer
  • secondary reinforcer

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Which of the following is not an example of conditioned reinforcement?
Respuesta
  • A civilian gets reprimanded for disobeying a direct order
  • The General gets paid in monthly instalments
  • A civilian avoids being bitten by not going outside alone.
  • Dr Sharp presses the button and the next powerpoint slide appears

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Timmy’s teacher sets up a token economy to teach him to participate during carpet time. She puts a sticker on his chart every time he puts his hand up to answer a question. At the end of the day she tells him how many stickers he achieved. Identify the problem with this system.
Respuesta
  • Timmy should only get a sticker if he answered the question correctly
  • Stickers should never be used as tokens
  • There is no backup reinforcer
  • The teacher should not tell Timmy how many stickers he earned

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
A token economy should always be introduced on a ________ schedule and then changed to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.
Respuesta
  • CRF, denser
  • CRF, thinner
  • Thin, CRF
  • Thin, denser

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a mistake when implementing a token economy?
Respuesta
  • Negotiating the backup reinforcer part way through
  • Maintaining a CRF schedule
  • Not exchanging the token economy for a backup reinforcer
  • Changing the backup reinforcer to something more reinforcing

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Select the correct answer. Target training during animal husbandry…
Respuesta
  • Punishes the animal for incorrect responses
  • Is only useful for primates and exotic animals
  • Increases animal interactions with humans
  • Decreases animal interactions with humans

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Which of the following explains shaping?
Respuesta
  • Differential reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behaviour
  • Differential reinforcement of a selected target behaviour
  • Consistent reinforcement of successive behaviours
  • Conditioned reinforcement for absence of a target behaviour

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Shaping can be used with...
Respuesta
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Humans but only for sport-type behaviours
  • A and B.
  • A and C

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Money is an example of...
Respuesta
  • A tertiary reinforcer
  • A generalised conditioned reinforcer
  • Shaping
  • An unconditioned reinforcer

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Which of the following use is NOT an example of conditioned reinforcement?
Respuesta
  • Using an acoustic marker to show a dancer when her foot is in the correct fouetté position.
  • Using a tone to attract fish to an area for aquaculture.
  • Giving a child an ice cream for getting 100% on a test at school.
  • Giving a child £2 for getting 100% on a test at school.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
When should you NOT use shaping?
Respuesta
  • To teach a new behaviour.
  • When you can tell or show someone how to engage in the target behaviour.
  • To increase a previously-engaged in behaviour.
  • To teach verbal behaviour.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
When superstitious behaviour occurs because of something in the environment, it is a Type 2 superstition. Behaviour is under superstitious ________________ control.
Respuesta
  •  causal
  • discriminative
  •  reinforcer

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Skinner (1948) showed each pigeon in his study engaged in a dominant superstitious response when he delivered reinforcers on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
Respuesta
  • FT
  • FR
  • VI

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Killeen (1978) showed that superstitious behaviour may not be a result of an inability to discriminate, but of ________________.
Respuesta
  •  bias
  •  contingency shaping
  •  chance

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Adventitious reinforcement is when a reinforcer _____________________ a behaviour but is not caused by it.
Respuesta
  • precedes
  • occurs simultaneously with
  •  follows

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Superstitious behaviour drifts over time because small ______________ in the behaviour are reinforced and become dominant.
Respuesta
  • consistencies
  •  variations
  • motivations

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Rule-governed behaviour arises with instruction; it is _______________.
Respuesta
  •  shaped
  • affected by contingencies
  • not shaped

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The law of effect is a _____________________; it’s about things happening close together in time.
Respuesta
  • Temporal law
  •  Temperate law
  • Discriminative law

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Supersitious behaviour is NOT ____________________.
Respuesta
  • difficult to produce
  •  persistent
  • behaviour that drifts over time

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Wager and Morris (1978) found that when a clown dispensed marbles on a fixed-time schedule, children developed superstitious behaviour that was characteristic of scalloped responding under a _________________ schedule.
Respuesta
  •  Fixed-ratio
  •  Fixed-interval
  •  Variable-ratio

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
A behaviour analytic account of values is that __________________________________.
Respuesta
  • values don’t exist
  •  values are unconditioned
  •  we learn to call some things good and some things bad

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
What is the cause of superstitious behaviour?
Respuesta
  • Supernatural forces
  • Concurrent schedules
  • Complex schedules
  • Adventitious reinforcement
  • None of the above

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Superstitious behaviour is:
Respuesta
  • Impossible to extinguish
  • Easy to extinguish
  • Difficult to extinguish
  • Not subject to the principles of behaviour analysis

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Superstitious behaviour reinforced under VT and FT (response-independent) schedules produces responding similar to which type of schedule/s?
Respuesta
  • CRF
  • VI and FI
  • VR and FR
  • None of the above, superstitious behaviour has it’s own schedule of responding

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of stimulus control?
Respuesta
  • The infected only attacks non-infected humans but not other infected
  • The infected salivates when hungry
  • The infected prefer to bite humans rather than animals because of the taste
  • The infected finds bright lights to be aversive and shields it’s eyes

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Which of the following are true about rule-governed behaviour?
Respuesta
  • You do not need to experience the contingency to follow rule- governed behaviour
  • The rule can be written or spoken
  • The rule defines the contingency
  • A and C
  • All of the above

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Culture is transmitted:
Respuesta
  • Through verbal behaviour alone
  • Through rule-governed behaviour, contingency-shaped behaviour and imitation
  • Only though contingency-shaped behaviour
  • Genetically
  • Through imitation of others in that culture

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
When good events occurs, we tend to attribute the cause to ________ and when negative events occur, we tend to attribute the cause to _______.
Respuesta
  • Ourselves, ourselves.
  • The environment, ourselves.
  • Ourselves, the environment.
  • The environment, the environment

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Which of the following could be classified as superstitious behaviour?
Respuesta
  • The Commander took his weapon with her on a recon mission as she often needs to use it when encountering the infected
  • The General speaks loudly so that all civilians can hear him
  • A civilian chooses the Healers team because they like to help people
  • An infected bangs on all vending he encounters because once when he did this a human happened to walk by

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
In behavioural terms, holding someone responsible is:
Respuesta
  • Choosing whether to apply a consequence
  • Being mean
  • Blaming the individual, not the environment
  • Blaming culture for an individual’s actions

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Type 2 superstitions describe superstitious discriminative control. This means:
Respuesta
  • attributing behaviour to culture
  • attributing a behaviour to the presence of a stimulus
  • attributing an environmental event to the presence of a stimulus
  • attributing an environmental event to the presence of a behaviour
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