Test
Module 1
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Preguntas del test (33)
1What does a target cell require to respond to an extracellular signal molecule?
- AAppropriate intracellular signaling pathways
- BAccess to the signal molecule
- CThe presence of an appropriate receptor for the signal molecule
- DAll of the above
2Each type of extracellular signal molecule induces a similar response in different target cells.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3A signaling molecule will always elicit identical responses in different target cells if it binds to identical receptors.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
4Cell signaling is specific in that each signaling molecule has one receptor that is specific for that molecule.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
5Paracrine signaling is:
- AWhen the cell can respond to signals that it itself produces
- BWhen the signal travels through the blood stream to reach target cells at a long distance
- CWhen the signal molecules diffuse locally through the extracellular fluid
- DWhen the signal is passed on through direct contact to another cell
6When the hormones, such as insulin and estrogen, are released into the bloodstream, what form of cell-to-cell signaling is being used?
- AParacrine
- BContact-dependent
- CEndocrine
- DNeuronal
7Contact-dependent (Juxtacrine) signaling is:
- AWhen the signal travels through the blood stream to reach target cells at a long distance
- BWhen the signal is passed on through direct contact to another cell
- CWhen the cell can respond to signals that it itself produce
- DWhen the signal molecules diffuse locally through the extracellular fluid
8The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to
- Ahormone response elements in DNA.
- Bhormone response elements on proteins.
- Cthe cell membrane thereby increasing its permeability.
- Dribosomes to stimulate translation.
- Ehormone response elements in mRNA.
9Characteristics of intracellular receptors that regulate gene transcription include all of the following EXCEPT
- Aa DNA binding site
- Ba transcription activating domain
- Care activated lipid soluble molecules
- Dan extracellular binding site
10Intracellular receptors include those for
- Aestrogen
- Bprogesterone
- Ctestosterone
- Dcortisol
- Eall of the above
11Which type of receptors do steroid hormones employ?
- AIntracellular receptors
- BIon-channel–coupled receptors
- CCell-surface receptors
12Which choice below is not a category of cell-surface receptor?
- ALigand-coupled receptors
- BIon-channel-coupled receptors
- CG-protein-coupled receptor
- DEnzyme-coupled receptors
13Parallel intracellular signaling pathways can interact, in part, because the protein kinases in one pathway can phosphorylate and thereby regulate proteins in other pathways.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14A protein kinase catalyzes the reaction in which:
- Aa protein loses a phosphate group
- BGTP is converted to GDP
- Ca protein is phosphorylated
- DG protein is activated
- EATP is converted to cAMP
15The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is _____.
- AProtein Kinase
- BGTP
- CATP
- DcAMP
16What is the role of a protein kinase in regard to molecular switches?
- AAdd a phosphate group to a protein
- BRemove a phosphate group from a protein
- CDeactivate receptor tyrosine kinases
- DDeactivate cyclic AMP
17Which of the following statements about molecular switches is FALSE?
- AProtein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate from ATP onto a protein
- BPhosphatases remove the phosphate from GTP on GTP-binding proteins, turning them off
- CSerine/threonine kinases are the most common types of protein kinases
- DA GTP-binding protein exchanges its bound GDP for GTP to become activated
18Second messengers tend to be water-soluble and small. This accounts for their ability to _____
- Across the nuclear membrane and interact with DNA
- Bpass quickly from cell to cell
- Cmove from substrate to substrate during a phosphorylation cascade
- Drapidly move throughout the cytosol by diffusion
- Erapidly cross the plasma membrane
19PTHrP, a small peptide, is released from epithelial cells and interacts with receptors on adjacent fibroblasts where is is involved in cell growth.
- AEndocrine
- BJuxtacrine
- CAutocrine
- DParacrine
- ESynaptic
20Seratonin, a neurotransmitter, signals through receptors on neighboring cells to regulate mood and behavior.
- ASynaptic
- BEndocrine
- CAutocrine
- DParacrine
21Which molecule (or molecules) perform the primary signal transduction step in a signal transduction cascade?
- AThe intracellular protein kinases
- BThe extracellular signal
- CThe receptor protein
22When a chemical messenger (or ligand) reaches a target cell, it binds to a receptor. A hydrophobic ligand binds to a(n)________, whereas a hydrophilic ligand binds to a(n) ___________.
- Aintracellular receptor; transmembrane receptor
- Btransmembrane receptor; intracellular receptor
- Cagonist receptor; antagonist receptor
- Dautocrine receptor; paracrine receptor
23When cells respond to an extracellular signal, they most often convert the information from one form to another. This process is called:
- Asignal transformation
- Bsignal amplification
- Csignal transduction
- Dsignal interference
24What is the term for short-range cell-cell communication via secreted local mediators that act on adjacent cells?
- AParacrine
- BEndocrine
- CJuxtacrine
- DAutocrine
25When the signal needs to be sent to most cells throughout a multicellular organism, the signal most suited for this is a:
- AScaffold
- BDissolved gas
- CNeurotransmitter
- DHormone
26Steroid hormones bind to
- Acarbohydrate receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell
- Bprotein receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell
- Cprotein receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell
- Dcarbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell
27What is the result of the loss of steroid signaling systems in an organism?
- ADramatic change in the physiology of the organism
- BDramatic change in the genealogy of the organism
- CDramatic change in the histone code of the organism
- DDramatic change in the genome of the organism
28All members of the steroid hormone receptor family __________________.
- AInteract with signal molecules that diffuse through the plasma membrane
- BAre cell-surface receptors
- CDo not undergo conformational changes
- DAre found only in the cytoplasm
29Parallel intracellular signaling pathways can interact, in part, because the protein kinases in one pathway can phosphorylate and thereby regulate proteins in other pathways.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
30For many extracellular signal molecules, there is more than one type of receptor.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
31What is the role of a protein phosphatase in regard to molecular switches?
- AAdd a phosphate group to a protein
- BRemove a phosphate group from a protein
- CActivate cAMP
- DActivate receptor tyrosine kinases
32______________ are responsible for phosphorylation of receptor proteins, whereas______________ are responsible for dephosphorylation of receptor proteins.
- APhosphatases; kinases
- BKinases; phosphatases
- CKinases; second messengers
- DLigands; second messengers
- ESecond messengers; ligands
33Epidermal growth factor is secreted from epithelial cells and interacts with receptors on the same cell to regulate cellular growth.
- AEndocrine
- BJuxtacrine
- CSynaptic
- DParacrine
- EAutocrine
Información
- Descripción
- Science Test sobre Module 1, creado por Kelsie Ferrari el 10/02/2017.
- Autor
- Kelsie Ferrari
- Idioma
- English
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