Pregunta 1
Pregunta
[blank_start]Light[blank_end]: waves of electromagnetic radiation.
[blank_start]Rays[blank_end]: travels in straight lines at a constant, very high speed
[blank_start]Particles[blank_end]: discrete packets or 'quanta'.
Respuesta
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Light
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Particles
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Rays
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Light
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Particles
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Rays
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Light
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Particles
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Rays
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
[blank_start]Cornea[blank_end]: transparent window into the eyeball.
[blank_start]Pupil[blank_end]: dark, circular opening at the centre of the iris, where light enters the eye
[blank_start]Lens[blank_end]: enables changing focus using ciliary muscles
[blank_start]Retina[blank_end]: light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye that contains rods and cones, which receive an image from the lens and send it back to the brain through the Optic Nerve.
[blank_start]Aqueous/Vitreous Humour[blank_end]: squishy bits
Respuesta
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Cornea
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Pupil
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Lens
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Retina
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Aqueous/Vitreous Humour
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Transduction occurs when:
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Recombining rays from various directions to form a single point on the imaging surface is known as:
Respuesta
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Focusing
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Refracting
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Accommodation
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Transduction
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Focusing is the job of the:
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The [blank_start]cornea[blank_end] refracts light at a constant amount.
The [blank_start]lens[blank_end] refracts light by a variable amount.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
[blank_start]Emmetropia[blank_end]: normal refractive condition
[blank_start]Myopia[blank_end]: short-sightedness
[blank_start]Hyperopia/Hypermetropia[blank_end]: long-sightedness
[blank_start]Presbyopia[blank_end]: inability to change accommodation
[blank_start]Astigmatism[blank_end]: different focal lengths for different orientations
Respuesta
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Emmetropia
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Myopia
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Hyperopia/Hypermetropia
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Presbyopia
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Astigmatism
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following is true for myopia:
Respuesta
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Focal length is too short
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Light is focused behind the retina
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Need concave corrective lenses
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Occurs with old age
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Rods: [blank_start]high[blank_end] sensitivity; [blank_start]night vision[blank_end]
Cones: [blank_start]lower[blank_end] sensitivity; [blank_start]daytime[blank_end]
Respuesta
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high
-
low
-
daytime
-
night vision
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high
-
low
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daytime
-
night vision
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
[blank_start]Rods[blank_end] & [blank_start]cones[blank_end] pass electrical impulses to [blank_start]ganglion[blank_end] cells (via [blank_start]bipolar[blank_end]/[blank_start]amacrine[blank_end]/[blank_start]horizontal[blank_end] cells). Ganglion cells have long [blank_start]axons[blank_end] that exit the eyeball via a bundle called the [blank_start]optic nerve[blank_end]. Where the optic nerve leaves the eye, there are no [blank_start]photoreceptors[blank_end] - this is the blind spot.
Respuesta
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Rods
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cones
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ganglion
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bipolar
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amacrine
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horizontal
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axons
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optic nerve
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photoreceptors
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
There are many photoreceptors in the optic disk.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Receptive fields for foveal vision are:
Respuesta
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Smaller
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Larger
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Densely packed
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Sparsely packed
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Retinal ganglion cell axons terminate in the
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Properties of OFF Centre cells:
Respuesta
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Light on the inner portion causes a decrease in ganglion cell activity
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Tell us how bright an area is
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Help detect local luminance decrements
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Cancel out the effect of ON Centre cells
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Having both OFF and ON Centre cells makes it more difficult to go below the spontaneous firing rate.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Layers [blank_start]1[blank_end], [blank_start]4[blank_end], and [blank_start]6[blank_end] are from the contralateral eye.
Layers [blank_start]2[blank_end], [blank_start]3[blank_end], and [blank_start]5[blank_end] are from the ipsilateral eye.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Magnocellular Cells: [blank_start]large[blank_end] RFs, [blank_start]fast[blank_end] response, [blank_start]high[blank_end] sensitivity, process [blank_start]motion[blank_end]
Parvocellular Cells: [blank_start]small[blank_end] RFs, [blank_start]low[blank_end] response, [blank_start]low[blank_end] sensitivity, process [blank_start]colour[blank_end]
Respuesta
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large
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fast
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high
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motion
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small
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slow
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low
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colour
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The majority of the focusing power in the eyes comes from the lens
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
High pressure of the aqueous humour can cause:
Respuesta
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Glaucoma
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Retinal damage
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Blindness
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Myopia
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
When our pupils constrict, our depth of focus [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
[blank_start]Horizontal[blank_end] Cells: receptors synapse with bipolar cells
[blank_start]Amacrine[blank_end] Cells: bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells
Respuesta
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Amacrine
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Horizontal
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Amacrine
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Horizontal
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
When only rods are active, vision is [blank_start]scotopic[blank_end]; when rods cannot function, vision is [blank_start]photopic[blank_end]; when both rods and cones are active, vision is [blank_start]mesopic[blank_end].
Respuesta
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scotopic
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photopic
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mesopic
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Axons from the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] side of the retina don't crossover at the optic chiasm.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
How many layers does each LGN have?
Respuesta
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6 - 2 magnocellular & 4 parvocellular
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4 - 2 magnocellular & 2 parvocellular
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6 - 4 magnocellular & 2 parvocelluolar
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4 - 2 contralateral and 2 ipsilateral in each
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
OFF Centre cells are sombrero shaped
Pregunta 26
Respuesta
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Only signal the 'edges' in patters
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Respond to absolute rates of intensity
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Nothing changes when the overall level of illumination goes up or down
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Have antagonistic receptive fields
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The surrounding area does the same job as the centre of the cell