8683714
Descripción
Test por Ben Armstrong, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Ben Armstrong
hace alrededor de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
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that informed consent is not necessary.
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its ability to discern amongst cohorts.
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that it follows development of individuals.
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that it protects from selective attrition.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied
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experimentally.
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cross-sectionally.
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longitudinally
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speculatively
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
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muscle tone
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heart rate
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reflex irritability
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attention span
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of
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the increasing rate of single parenthood
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the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water
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better maternal nutrition
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advances in medical technology
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
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PRIMATE / HUMAN
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POSITIVE / NEGATIVE
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FATHER / MOTHER
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MILD / INTENSE
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
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are unreliable and inaccurate
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do better with negative emotions than with positive
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do better with positive emotions than with negative
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are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to
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categorise people or animals as good or bad
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use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation
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hide one's own true inner feelings
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understand that others' feelings differ from your own
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
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habituation / dishabituation
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high-amplitude sucking
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deferred imitation
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evoked potentials
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
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very smudged eye shadow
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a big bruise on mum’s nose
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a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin
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a crow’s nest in mum’s hair
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
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passively waiting for an object to reappear
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anticipating invisible displacements
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making an A-not-B error
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looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing
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egocentrism
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decentered emotionality
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sympathetic empathetic concern
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animism
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .
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egocentrism / other’s viewpoint
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adolescence / childhood
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flexibility / rigidity
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solitary / social
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
For Vygotsky, private speech is
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meaningless babbling
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entirely silent and cannot be heard by others
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passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened
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self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
A basic definition of imitation is
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doing an action after seeing it done
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repeating an action after getting reinforcement
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varying a response to achieve reinforcement
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repeating an action
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
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ability to copy actions
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ability to copy a variety of actions
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ability to copy a variety of novel actions
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ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
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look to find a cat
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try to pet the cat
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neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’
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both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
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interest, distress, disgust, and contentment
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anger, surprise, fear, and sadness
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embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride
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joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
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be unusual in a child at that age
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be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached
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be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)
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simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Emotional attachments between parent and child
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are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries
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slowly rise from social interactions in the first months
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emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level
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result from both persons' shared genetic relationship
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
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identifies the child's level of visual imagination
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provides training for the transition into foster care
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measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items
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assesses the child's attachment style
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
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easy temperament
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familiarity
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social referencing
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learned helplessness
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
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is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined
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works and promotes secure attachment
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is directed mainly to upper income parents
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yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
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self-oriented distress
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sympathetic empathetic arousal
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a hostile attribution bias
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learned helplessness
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
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an online game training emotion recognition
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classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders
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psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable
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parental educational materials
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
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parents
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researchers
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children
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teachers
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:
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Reliable
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Proven
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Valid
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None of the above
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?
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Children will get bored with this and underperform
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Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions
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Results may not generalise to other children
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All of the answers
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
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Data are not valid or reliable
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Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds
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Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children
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All of the answers
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face.
You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say
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meow
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bark
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can do either as he chooses
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neither
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
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child's social relations with others such as peers
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inheritance of developmental disability
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inheritance of behavioral habits
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development of knowledge
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
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tertiary circular reaction
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phylogenetic scaffolding
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early constructivism
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cognitive equilibrium
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
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Formal operations stage
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Preoperational stage
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Proximal zone stage
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Sensorimotor stage
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
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durable toys are preferred over those that break soon
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existence continues even when something is out of sight
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inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively
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lost objects will always be located later
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
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a phylogenetic development
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assimilation and accommodation
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lack of object (person) permanence
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misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:
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animism
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assimilation
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accommodation
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tertiary circular reaction
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
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sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
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preoperational stage of cognitive development.
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concrete-operational stage of development.
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formal-operational stage of development.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:
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unusual for boys but common for girls
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unusual for girls but common for boys
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fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development
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fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A toddler is most likely to remember:
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A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo
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A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum
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Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.
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Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):
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device for inner experimentation
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tool of intellectual adaptation
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zone of proximal development
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electronic scaffold
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
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Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful
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Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged
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Developmental universals are sought and identified
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Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
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Deliberately ignore the red spot
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Stare at the red spot
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Touch their nose / wipe the red spot
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Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
When do you think most children start to learn their native language?
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When they are about 12 month old
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When they are about 6 months old
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Soon after birth
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Before they are born
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
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Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)
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Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)
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Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)
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Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:
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Authoritative parenting style
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Permissive parenting style
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Uninvolved parenting style
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Either permissive or uninvolved
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:
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The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.
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The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.
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Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament
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Normal
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
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Hostile
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Instrumental
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Relational
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Bullying
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?
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Hostile
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Instrumental
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Relational
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Bullying
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Young infants prefer __________________ .
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good deeds and actors
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aggression
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bullying
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Negative emotions
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?
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Sensation
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Belief in religion
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memory
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attention
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?
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The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools
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The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies
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When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour
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None of the answers given
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?
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Children are not always egocentric
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Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others
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Conservation tasks are solved after training
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children struggle with appearance/reality distinction
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
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Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
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No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.
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It may be helpful but it is not necessary.
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It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…
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Biological predisposition and maturation
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Early operant learning in social situations
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Cognitive development
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There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?
Respuesta
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Phonology
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Morphology
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Syntax
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Cosmology
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