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- 1CPUA central processing unit is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output operations specified by the instructions.
- 2Program counter (PC)An increment counter that keeps track of the memory address of the instruction that is to be executed next or in other words, holds the address of the instruction to be executed next.
- 3Memory address register (MAR)holds the address of a memory location of which data/instruction is to be fetched/written
- 4Memory data register (MDR)a two-way register that holds data fetched from memory (and ready for the CPU to process) or data waiting to be stored in memory. (This is also known as the memory buffer register (MBR).)
- 5Instruction register (CIR)a temporary holding ground for the instruction that has just been fetched from memory.
- 6Control unit (CU)decodes the program instruction in the IR, selecting machine resources such as a data source register and a particular arithmetic operation, and coordinates activation of those resources.
- 7Encryptionscramble data in such a way that only someone with the secret code or key can read it. (secure)
- 8Operating systemA collection of programs that manages the hardware and software of a computer system, including sharing the computer’s time, memory, hardware and other resources.
- 9Cacheis a small amount of memory which is a part of the CPU - closer to the CPU than RAM. It is used to temporarily hold instructions and data that the CPU is likely to reuse.
- 10Clock speedThe speed at which the processor carries out instructions, measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz).
- 11CoreEach single processor circuit capable of fetching and executing instructions.
- 12Multi-core processorA processor with more than one core (processor circuit) which means it can fetch and execute more than one instruction at a time.
- 13Solid state driveStorage that works by storing the data in electronic circuits.
- 14Secondary storage deviceA device that is used to store data when it is not in use, including after the computer has been switch off.
- 15Input deviceA device that is used to enter data into a computer. It takes data that a user presents and converts it into binary code.
- 16Output deviceA device that presents the result of processing. It converts binary data into a form which can be read by a user, or into binary data into a form which can be read by a user, or into a result in the external world.
- 17UnicodeAt least 16-bit code. Defines what characters it encodes and then uses a suitable number of octets to store them as a number.
- 18ASCIITakes 1 byte of storage, but can only represent up to 256 different characters.
- 19PixelThe smallest unit of representation in an image, each pixel is encoded with a single color
- 20ResolutionThe number of dots per unit length. It affects the clarity of the image.
- 21AnalogueA form of signal that can take any value between the lowest and the highest. Sound is like this.
- 22DigitalA form of signal that is either on or off. Computer music files must be digital.
- 23Run Length EncodingA simple form of lossless data compression in which data is stored as a count (e.g. The number of As) and the data (e.g. A). The final compressed data might look like 4A5B3C
- 24Twos ComplimentThe most significant bit is a negative number IF it is a 1. e.g. 1001 - would normally be 9 but is -7 in this format as the 8 becomes -8
- 25Sign and magnitudeThe most significant bit is a negative sign IF it is a 1. e.g. 1001 - would normally be 9 but is -1 in format
- 26Volatile MemoryThis is memory that loses data when power is lost
- 27Non-Volatile MemoryThis is memory that retains data even when power is lost
- 28VPNA virtual private network extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.
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- Fichas sobre Sin título, creado por Vickshan Vickna el 24/11/2017.
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- Vickshan Vickna
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