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A2 Physics Thermal Physics
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- 1Energy change graph
- 2When does the temperature not change when being heatedWhen it is changing state
- 3When does potential energy increaseDuring when it is changing state, the molecules will break free of their neighbors bonds
- 4When does kinetic energy increaseWhen particles move around faster and more freely/will show a change in temperature
- 5Latent heatThe energy which must be supplied to cause a change of state
- 6EvaporationWhen a liquid changes to a gas without boiling
- 7What is the internal energy of a systemThe sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of its atoms or molecules
- 8First law of thermodynamicsIncrease in internal energy = energy supplied by heating + energy supplied by doing work
- 9Zeroth law of thermodynamicsIf the temperature of body A is equal to the temperature of body B and the temperature of body B is equal to the temperature of body C, then the temperature of body C equals to the one of body A
- 10Where is energy transferredFrom a hotter object to a cooler one
- 11Thermal energyEnergy flowing from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature
- 12Thermal equilibriumWhen two objects, in contact with each other, are at the same temperature, there will be no net transfer of thermal energy between them
- 13Thermodynamic scaleThe Kelvin Scale
- 14Absolute zeroFor any matter at absolute zero, it is impossible to remove any more energy from it. I.e. the temperature at which all substances will have minimum internal energy
- 15How to convert Celsius to KelvinAdd 273.15 degrees Celsius to current Celsius reading
- 16Specific heat capacityThe energy required per unit mass of the substance to raise the temperature by 1 K ( or 1 C)
- 17Specific latent heatThe slf of a substance is the energy required per kilogram of the substance to change its state without any change in temperature
- 18Specific latent heat of fusionWhen a substance melts
- 19Specific latent heat of vaporisationWhen a substance boils
- 20How to calculate specific heat capacityEnergy supplied / Mass x change in temp
- 21How to calculate specific latent heatEnergy supplied / Mass
- 22How does a thermometer measure temperatureA thermometer makes use of a physical property of a material that varies with temperature
- 23Two types of resistance thermometerThermistor
Resistance wire - 24Features of a thermistorVery robust
Narrow range
Larger than thermo-couple, has greater thermal capacity and acts slower
High sensitivity over narrow range
Fairly linear over narrow range
Long conducting wires allow operator to be positioned away - 25Features of a resistance wireVery robust
Wide range
Larger than thermo-couple, has greater thermal capacity and acts slower
Less sensitive than thermistor
Good linearity
Long conducting wires allow operator to be positioned away - 26How do resistance thermometers measure temperatureBased off the resistance of an electric resistor or thermistor
- 27What is a thermocoupleAn electric device which is made up of two different metals soldered to it at each end. This produces two junctions. If the two junctions are different temperatures then it will produce an emf which can be measured using a volt meter
- 28Features of a thermocoupleRobust
Can have a very wide range
Smaller than resistance thermometers, so quicker acting and can measure temperature at a point
Can be sensitive if appropriate metals are chosen
Non-linear so requires calibration
Long conducting wires allow operator to be positioned away - 29Other methods of measuring temperatureThe color of an electrically heated wire
The volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure - 30State what may be deduced from the difference in temperature between two objectsThere is a rate of change of thermal energy
- 31State the basic principle by which temperature is measuredUses a property of a substance that changes between temperature
- 32Why a two thermometers may give different readingsTemperature scale assumes linear change of property with temperature
Physical properties may not vary linearly with temperature
Agrees only at fixed points
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- AS level Physics Fichas sobre A2 Physics Thermal Physics, creado por Sean Byrne el 11/12/2017.
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- Sean Byrne
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