Fichas
Diagnostic Tests
Fichas del conjunto (37)
- 1What does a Full Blood Count (FBC) include? List 5White Cell Count (WCC)
Red Cell Count (RCC)
Haemoglobin (Hb)
Haematocrit/Packed cell volume (PCV)
Platelet count
Mean Corpulscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
White cell differential - 2What is the white cell count?A count of the actual number of white blood cells per volume of blood.
- 3What is the white cell differential?It is a test included in the FBC which looks at the types of white blood cells present, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
- 4What is the red cell count?The actual number of red blood cells per volume of blood.
- 5What does measuring the haemoglobin in a FBC help determine?The amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood
- 6What is haematocrit?The amount of space red blood cells take up in the blood, reported as a percentage or a proportion.
- 7What is the platelet count?Number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
- 8What is the mean corpuscular volume?A measurement of the average size of your RBCs.
RBCs large = macrocytic
RBCs small = microcytic - 9What is mean corpuscular haemoglobin?The calculation of the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin inside your RBCs.
- 10What is the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration?A calculation of the concentration of haemoglobin inside the RBCs.
- 11What is red cell distribution width?A calculation of the variation in the size of your RBCs.
- 12What could an increased WBCC indicate?Infection
Inflammation
Cancer - 13What could a decreased WBCC indicate?Medication use
Autoimmune conditions
Viral infection
Severe infection
Bone marrow failure
Enlarged spleen
Liver disease
Alcohol excess
Congenital marrow aplasia - 14WBC differential Eosinophils may be increased in what situations?Atopy (asthma, eczema, hayfever)
Drug allergies
Some parasitic infections
Vasculitis
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Bone marrow disorders - 15RBCs may be increased when...Too many are made
Fluid loss due to diarrhoea, dehydration or burns - 16Decreased RBCs, Haemoglobin and haematocrit suggests a patient is...Anaemic
- 17List 3 conditions where MCV may be raisedLiver disease
Underactive thyroid
Pregnancy
Alcohol excess
Bone marrow disorders - 18List 3 conditions where MCV may be decreasedIron deficiency
Long-standing inflammatory disorders
Thalassaemia - 19When may MCH be low?Iron deficiency
Inflammatory conditions
Thalassaemia - 20What may be causing RDW to increase?Iron deficiency
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Bone marrow disorders - 21List 3 reasons for increased plateletsBleeding
Inflammation
Infection
Surgery (bone marrow disorders)
Underactive spleen - 22List 3 reasons for decreased plateletsImmune conditions - ITP / SLE
Vitamin deficiency
Drugs (esp. chemotherapy)
Alcoholism
Liver disease
Enlarged spleen
Bone marrow disorders - 23What is tested for in a Liver Function Test?Bilirubin
ALP - Alkanine Phosphatase
AST - Aspartate transaminase
ALT - Alanine transaminase
GGT - Gamma GT
Albumin
INR - international normalized ratio - 24What can bilirubin help assess?Obstructive jaundice
Liver damage
RBC damage
Range: 1-20 mcmol/L - 25What can albumin help assess?Manufactured in liver from amino-acids, it makes up over 50% of plasma proteins in the blood. It regulates osmotic pressure as well as transporting nutrients and waste products.
Reductions in albumin may result due to:
Diarrhoea
Liver disease
Poor diet
Iron deficiency
Infection - 26What is alanine transaminase?An enzyme which catalyses reactions between amino acids and keto-acids. They are important in producing amino acids.
They are found mainly in the liver, but in small amounts in the kidneys, cardiac and skeletal muscle.
ALT is released into the serum during liver damage. - 27Is AST and ALT are very high (>1000 U/L) then the diagnosis for the patient is almost certainly...Hepatitis
- 28What is aspartate transaminase?An enzyme similar to ALT.
Found in the liver, RBCs, cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney and brain tissue.
Used along with ALT to determine where the damage is present, as ALT is more specific to the liver.
AST levels fluctuate depending on level of necrosis present. - 29What is alkaline phosphatase?Enzymes which work best in alkaline environments such as the bile duct and in bone.
It is likely to be elevated when there is bile duct blockage, and slightly raised in liver disease. - 30What is Gamma-GT?Raised levels are common in obstruction of bile ducts.
It is often used to confirm AST readings are due to liver damage.
GGT is used particularly to monitor cirrhosis caused by alcoholism. - 31ALP raised, ALT slightly raised Guess the nature of the problem:Likely to be a problem in the bile duct
- 32ALT raised, ALP slightly raised Guess the nature of the problem:Likely to be a problem in the liver
- 33Very high ALT, slightly raised AST Guess the nature of the problem:Suggestive of viral / drug induced / severe necrosis of the liver
- 34AST raised, ALT slightly raised Guess the nature of the problem:Suggests alcoholic or drug induced cirrhosis
- 35List 3 indications of a urine dipstick / urinalysisDiabetes Mellitis
UTI
Pregnancy
Renal and CVD problems
Drugs
Other - anxiety - 36A UTI may be detected on urinalysis by raised...Nitrates
Nitrates are produced by bacteria, therefore raised levels would suggest a UTI - 37What is the normal pH range for urine?4.5-5.3
Acidic
Información
- Descripción
- Postgraduate (Semester 1) Physician Associate Studies Fichas sobre Diagnostic Tests, creado por Elizabeth James el 28/12/2017.
- Creado por
- Elizabeth James
- Visitas
- 0
- Valoración