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topic 2
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- 1WavesWaves transfer energy and information in the direction they are travelling.
- 2AmplitudeThe displacement from the rest position to a crest or trough.
- 3WavelengthThe length of a full cycle of the wave e.g. from crest to crest.
- 4FrequencyThe number of complete cycles of the wave passing a certain point per second.
(Measured in Hertz) - 5Transverse WavesThe vibrations are perpendicular to the direction the wave travels. Most waves are transverse including: All electromagnetic waves e.g. light and S-waves.
- 6Longitudinal WavesThe vibrations are parallel to the direction the wave travels. Examples are P-waves and Sound waves.
- 7Wave speed = Frequency x Wavelength Wave speed Distance / Time Wave speed = Frequency x wavelengthWave speed is the same as any other speed, it shows you how quickly a wave travels.
- 8Measuring the speed of water ripples (1)Using a signal generator attached to the dipper of a ripple tank you can create waves at a set frequency.
Dim the lights and turn on the strobe light and then you'll see a wave pattern made by the shadows of the wave crests on the screen below the tank. - 9(2)Alter the frequency of the strobe light until the wave pattern on the screen appears to freeze and stop moving. This happens when the frequency of the waves and strobe lights are equal. The distance between each shadow line is equal to one wavelength. Measure the distance between lines that are 10 wavelengths apart and then measure the average wavelength.
- 10RefractionWaves travel at different speeds in materials with different densities. So when a wave crosses a boundary between materials it changes speed. If the wave hits the boundary at an angle then it will change speed. If the wave is travelling along the normal then it wont change speed but it will be refracted.
- 11Refracted experimentFirst you start drawing the boundary between your two materials and the normal (a line 90 degrees to the boundary). Then draw an incident ray that meets the normal at the boundary. This angle is called the angle of incidence.
- 12(2)Now the ray coming out of the glass block is refracted and if the object (block of glass) is denser than the air then the ray of light will be refracted towards the normal and if it is less dense then the angle of refraction is larger than if it was denser.
- 13Sound wavesSound waves are caused by vibrating objects, when a vibration passes through a solid it causes the particle in a solid to move. Not all frequencies of sound can be transferred through an object an objects size, shape and structure determines which frequencies it can transmit.
- 14Your earSound waves that reach your eardrum cause it to vibrate, these vibrations are passed onto tiny bones in your ear called ossicles through the semicircular canals and into the cochlea. The cochlea then turns these vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain and then your brain interprets the noises.
- 15UltrasoundUltrasound is sound with frequencies higher than 20000 Hz. It can be used like having an ultrasound and finding out the gender of your baby as the waves hit a different media (the skin of the foetus) they get reflected back and this way you can see which ones get reflected back and where they are.
- 16InfrasoundInfrasound is sound with frequencies lower than 20Hz. Natural events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes produce these and this is hw scientists try to predict events like these.
- 17ColourColour is about differences in absorption, transmission and reflection of different wavelengths by materials. White light is a mixture of all the different colours of light which all have different wavelengths. We see the ocean as blue as it reflects all other coloured lights.
- 18Colour filtersColour filters are used to filter out different wavelengths of light so that only certain colours are transmitted and the rest are absorbed. If you shone a light at a blue filter then only blue would be shown.
- 19A real imageThis is formed when the light rays come together to form the image (for example on the eyes retina). This occurs with a converging lens.
- 20A virtual imageThis is formed when the light rays from the object seem to be coming from a completely different place. The light rays don't actually come together so it cant be captured on a screen an example is a magnifying glass. This comes from a diverging lens.
- 21Radio wavesThey can be used for satellites and they actually help us as they give and retrieve the signals from Televisions.
- 22MicrowavesThey are used in ovens as the microwaves are able to penetrate centimeters into food and therefore it cooks the food quickly.
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- GCSE Physics Fichas sobre topic 2, creado por Morgan Broadaway el 21/01/2018.
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- Morgan Broadaway
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