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Part II - Chapter 5 VTP
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- 1VTPManages the addition, deletion, and renaming of VLANs
- 2¿How much VTP domains a switch can belong?A switch can belong to only one VTP domain
- 3¿What attributes share a switch in a VTP domain?1.- VTP management domain
2.- VTP version number (CRN)
3.- Known Vlans
4.- Specific Vlan parameters - 4VTP Modes1.- Server
2.- Client
3.- Transparent
4.- Off
VTP mode determine how the sw processes and advertises VTP info - 5¿How much modes a switch can belong?Only one mode
- 6Server mode- Full control over Vlan editing
- Advertises to other sw in the domain
- Received information is synchronized
- VTP default mode
- Each domain must have at least one server - 7Client mode- Not allow to editing Vlans
- Listen to VTP advertisements and sync
- Received VTP info is forwarded out trunks (VTP relay) - 8Transparent mode- Don't participate in VTP
- Don't advertise Vlan info
- Don't synchronize its Vlan db
* In V1 don't even relay VTP info it receives to other sws unless match VTP domain and VTP version
* In V2 act as relay regardless of VTP domain name settings - 9Off mode- Don't participate in VTP
- VTP advertisement aren't relayed at all
- Disable VTP - 10¿How much VTP version exists?3 versions, 1 to 3
- 11Default VTP versionVersion 1
- 12¿What are the vlans supported by version 1 and 2?Vlans 1 to 1005
*except in VTP transparent mode* - 13¿What are the vlans supported by version 3?Vlans 1 to 4094
- 14¿How VTP advertisement are send?Are send as multicast frame
- 15¿How VTP keep track about most recent information?Via VTP CRN, and always start with 0
- 16¿How much VTP advertisements modes can occur?**3 modes**
1.- Summary advertisement
2.- Subset advertisement
3.- Advertisement request from clients - 17Summary advertisement- Originated by VTP domain servers
- Send every 300 sec and every changes in Vlan DB
- For Vlan conf changes, summary advertisements are followed by one or more subset advertisements with specific Vlan configuration - 18List information of summary advertisement- Management domain
- VTP version
- domain name
- CRN
- time stamp
- MD5 encryption hash code-
- number of subset advertisements to follow - 19Subset advertisement- Originated by VTP domain servers after a Vlan changes occur.
- These advertisements list the specific changes that have been performed. - 20Specific changes that trigger subset advertisements- creating or deleting a VLAN
- suspending or activating a VLAN
- changing the name of a VLAN
- changing a VLAN’s maximum MTU - 21Subset advertisements can list the following VLAN parameters- status of the VLAN
- VLAN type (Ethernet or Token Ring)
- MTU
- length of the VLAN name
- VLAN number
- security association identifier (SAID)
- VLAN name - 22Advertisements request from clients- VTP client can request any info it lacks
- VTP domain servers respond with summary and subset advertisements to bring it up to date - 23¿What trigger an advertisement request from clients?A client switch might be reset and have its VLAN database cleared, and its VTP domain membership might be changed, or it might hear a VTP summary advertisement with a higher revision number than it currently has
- 24¿Where is stored VTP information in Catalyst switches?- vlan.dat
- Separately from the switch configuration in the NVRAM
- Included the CRN - 25¿Where is stored VTP and Vlan data?- In the vlan.dat file on the switch's flash memory
- 26¿What happen with VTP information if the switch is rebooted?All VTP information, including the VTP configuration revision number, is retained even when the switch power is off
- 27CRN initialized to 01.- Switch’s VTP mode to transparent and then change the mode back to server.
2.- Switch’s VTP domain to a bogus name, and then change the VTP domain back to the original name. - 28Cisco recommendation about VTPVTP is not really necessary at all. In fact, Cisco recommends a best practice of configuring all switches in VTP transparent or off mode
- 29Default configuration- VTP mode server
- Domain name NULL (blank string)
- No password - 30¿What happen if a sw (with default configuration) hear a VTP summary advertisement?If the switch hears a VTP summary
advertisement on a trunk port from any other switch, it automatically learns the VTP domain name, VLANs, and the configuration revision number it hears - 31¿When a sw is safe to add to the network?When CRN is 0 and is in Server mode
#show vtp status - 32¿VTP versions are interoperables?-No
However, a switch can make some adjustments to be more compatible with neighbors using different VTP versions - 33¿Whats happen if a sw hear another vtp version?- It will attempt to change to the version that it heard if it is supported by the switch
- A switch running VTPv3 will begin sending scaled-down advertisements if it hears a VTPv1 switch - 34¿What's the exception that exist with version 3?Extended range of vlans is supported only by V3
- 35Additional Features Supported by VTP Version 2
- 36Additional Features Supported by VTP Version 3
- 37Configuring VTP management domain- Before a switch is added into a network, the VTP management domain should be identified.
- If this switch is the first one on the network, the management domain must be created.
Switch(config)# vtp domain domain-name - 38Configuring the VTP ModeSwitch(config)# vtp mode { server | client | transparent | off }
Switch(config)# vtp password password [ hidden | secret ] - 39VTP password- The password can be configured only on VTP servers and clients.
- Password not send; a MD5 authentication code is computed and sent in VTP advertisement (servers) and is used to validate received advertisements (clients).
- Case sensitive
- For VTP Version 3, the password can be hidden (hash in run-conf) - 40VTP Configuration ExampleSwitch(config)# vtp version 1
Switch(config)# vtp domain MyCompany
Switch(config)# vtp mode server
Switch(config)# vtp password bigsecret
**best practice
Switch(config)# vtp mode transparent - 41¿What is the purpose of VTP pruning?Make a more efficient use of the trunk bandwidth by reducing unnecessary flooded traffic
- 42¿What condition most by concern to forward broadcasts frames on a Vlan over a trunk link?That type of frames are forwarded only if the switch on the receiving end of the trunk has ports in that VLAN.
- 43¿How the switch know that the condition is accomplished?When a Catalyst switch has a port associated with a VLAN, the switch sends an advertisement to its neighbor switches that it has active ports on that VLAN. The neighbors keep this information, enabling them to decide whether flooded traffic from a VLAN should be allowed on the trunk links.
- 44¿How a switch send its active ports advertisement?VTP pruning occurs as an extension to VTP version 1, using an additional VTP message type.
- 45Enabling VTP pruning- By default, VTP pruning is disabled
Switch(config)# vtp pruning - 46VTP pruning on VTP serversIf you use this command on a VTP server, it also advertises that pruning needs to be enabled for the entire management domain. All other switches listening to that advertisement will also enable pruning.
- 47¿How modify the default list of pruning eligibility?- Switch(config)# interface Fast0/0
Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk pruning vlan {{{ add | except | remove }
vlan-list } | none } - 48¿What Vlans are not eligible for pruning?Vlan 1,1002-1005
- 49Pruning in VTP transparent- VTP pruning has no effect on switches in the VTP transparent mode.
- Those switches must be configured manually to “prune” VLANs from trunk links - 50VTP Configuration Troubleshooting Commands
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- Descripción
- 300-115 (Part II: Building a Campus Network) CCNP SWITCH 300-115 Fichas sobre Part II - Chapter 5 VTP, creado por Luis Domínguez el 22/03/2018.
- Creado por
- Luis Domínguez
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