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MCAT Physics Chapter 7-8
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- 1_____________________ waves have oscillations of wave particles perpendicular to the propagation of waves.Transverse
- 2_____________________ waves have oscillations of wave particles parallel to the propagation of waves.Longitudnal
- 3What does Displacement refer to with respect to waves?It refers to position (x) -- how far it is from equilibrium position.
- 4The _______________ of a wave is the magnitude of its maximal displacement.amplitude
- 5The maximum point of a wave (point of most positive displacement) is called a ____________________.crest
- 6The maximum point of a wave (point of most negative displacement) is called a ____________________.trough
- 7How can you define the 'wavelength' of a wave?It is the distance between two consecutive crests/troughs.
- 8The ________________ of a wave is the number of cycles it makes per second.Frequency
- 9What is the inverse of frequency?Time period
- 10What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference?Constructive -- when two waves are in phase; the amplitude of the resultant wave is the sum of the two amplitudes.
Destructive -- when two waves are out of phase; the resultant amplitude is the difference of the two amplitudes. - 11What is the difference between travelling waves and standing waves?Travelling waves --- have continuously shifting points of max and min displacements.
Standing waves --- have fixed maxima and minima - 12Define: a) node b) antinodea) Nodes -- point where there is no oscillation (on the x axis)
b) Antinodes -- - 13True or False: Longitudinal waves like transverse waves can travel without mediumFalse! Longitudinal waves can't travel without medium.
- 14How do we calculate angular frequency?ω = 2π / T = 2πf
- 15Doppler effect formula when: 1) The detector is approaching the source 2) The source is approaching the detector1) f' = f (V-Vd)/V
2) f'= f (V)/(V-Vs) - 16What is resonance in terms of waves?It is the increase in amplitude that occurs when periodic force is applied at the natural frequency.
- 17What is damping/attenuation?It is the gradual decrease in amplitude due to non-conservative forces.
- 18What is the formula for speed of sound?v= sqrt (B/p) where B is bulk modulus and p is density
- 19How does the bulk modulus span across solids, liquids and gases?Highest in solids and lowest in gases.
- 20How is the pitch of sound related to frequency?direct correlation
- 21Within a medium, as density increases, the speed of sound _____________.decreases.
- 221) What is the range of human hearing? 2) What are sound waves below human hearing called? 3) What are sound waves above human hearing called?1) 20-20,000hz
2) infersonic waves
3) ultrasonic waves - 23How can you explain doppler effect?Doppler effect talks about the difference in perceived frequency and real frequency depending on direction of source and detector movement.
- 24What is Doppler's effect and formula for objects moving towards each other?f' = f(V-Vd)/(V-Vs)
The perceived frequency is higher - 25What is Doppler's effect and formula for objects moving away from each other?f' = f(V+Vd)/(V+Vs)
The perceived frequency is lower. - 261) What is the formula for intensity? 2) How is it related to amplitude?I = P/A (where P is power and A is (pir^2) )
direct correlation - 27How do we calculate decibel level (B)?B = 10 log (I/Io) , where Io is 10^-12 W/m^2
- 28What is the formula for closed/closed or open/open pipes: 1) wavelength 2) frequency1) λ = 2L/n
2) f = nv/2L - 29What is the formula for closed/open pipes: 1) wavelength 2) frequency1) λ = 4L/n
2) f = nv/4L - 30a) What does n=1 stand for in terms of harmonics? b) How do we decide on 'overtones' number?a) n=1 is fundamental frequency
b) the number of 'overtones' is (n-1) i.e. the second overtone will be n=3 - 31What is the range of the visible spectrum? What colours do the range wavelengths exhibit?Range: 400nm-700nm
400nm is blue (bends least)
700nm is red (bends most) - 32For an electromagnetic wave, what are the directions of electric field and magnetic field?Electric Field and Magnetic field run perpendicular to each other.
- 33Write an equation relating the speed of light to frequency and wavelength.c = f *λ
- 34What does a 'blackbody' mean?A black body is an ideal absorber in the sense that it absorbs all wavelengths of light. Below a certain temperature though, it seems all black.
- 35What is the one rule we must always follow in reflection?angle of incidence must equal angle of reflection
- 36What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image?Real image -- one that can be formed on a screen.
Virtual image -- one that cannot be formed on a screen. - 37_______________ mirrors are converging and ____________________ mirrors are diverging.concave;convex
- 38What is the equation to calculate focal point?1/f = 1/i + 1/s, where i is the distance of image from lens and s is the distance of object from lens.
- 39What is the formula to calculate magnification, and what are some guidelines we should keep in mind with regards to the value of 'm'.m = -i/o. If m is + --> image is virtual and upright. If m is (-) --> image is real and inverted.
- 40What kind of mirrors are used in the following: 1) rear view mirrors in the car 2) mirrors sold by cosmetic companies to do makeup1) convex
2) concave - 41Give an equation relating the focal length to the radius of curvature.f = r/2
- 42What is refraction?The bending of light wave due to a change in medium.
- 431) How do you calculate the index of refraction 'n' ? 2) What is Snell's Law?n = c/v where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed of light in a medium.
2) n1sin Q1 = n2 sin Q2 - 441) What do we mean by critical angle? How do we calculate this value? 2) What happens when the angle of incidence exceeds critical angle?1) The critical angle is the angle of incidence when 'Sin Q2' = 90 degrees.
It can be calculated as sin ^ (-1) ( n2/n1).
2) When the angle of incidence exceeds this value, there occurs total internal reflection. - 45___________ lenses are converging and ______________ are diverging.convex ; concave
- 46State the lensmaker's equation1/f = (n-1) * (1/r1- 1/r2)
- 47Describe the kind of image all diverging mirrors and lenses producereal, inverted and reduced.
- 48What is the size of the image when the object is placed at the focal point?no size because no image is produced in that case.
- 49What lends are used for: 1) hyperopia 2) myopia1) hyperopia -- converging
2) myopia -- diverging - 50How can we calculate 'power' with the help of focal length?P = 1/f
- 51Explain the difference between a) single slit diffraction b) double slit diffractionDiffraction is the bending of light ways when they pass a gap.
1) single slit -- light ways are diffracted against a single slit; their projection of the screen is captured as bright and dark fringes.
We can calculate the wavelength of black fringes for single slit by:
a sin Q = nλ
2) double slit -- light ways are diffracted against a double slit and create an interference pattern on the screen.
We can calculate the wavelength of the black fringes by:
d sin Q = (n+0.5) λ - 52What is a diffraction grating?Exposing light to multiple small slits.
Formula -- same as double slit grating. - 53What is the difference between unpolarised light and plane polarised light?Unpolarised light -- the electric field is oscillating in multiple different directions.
Polarised light -- the electric field is oscillating in the same direction i.e. all parallel. - 54Identify the diffraction patterns:
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- Fichas sobre MCAT Physics Chapter 7-8, creado por Anahita Sehgal el 27/07/2018.
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