Fichas
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Fichas del conjunto (53)
- 1CompoundTwo or more elements chemically combined
- 2Give one way in which compounds can be broken down into their elements.Electrolysis
- 3Hydrated substances containmolecules of water in definite proportions
- 4How can water of crystallisation be driven off?Heating
- 5Water of crystallisationWater chemically combined in definite proportions in a crystalline compound.
- 6ValencyThe number of bonds an atom forms when it reacts.
- 7Octet ruleAtoms on reaction tend to a stable electron arrangement with eight electrons in its outer shell.
- 8Exceptions to the octet ruleBeryllium and boron
Sulfur and phosphorous
D-block elements
Hydrogen, helium, lithium (2 in outer shell) - 9Valency of group 1I
- 10Valency of group 2II
- 11Valency of group 3III
- 12Valency of group 4IV
- 13Valency of group 5III
- 14Valency of group 6II
- 15Valency of group 7I
- 16Valency of group 00
- 17Why is helium safer than hydrogen in balloons and blimps although they both have low densities?Helium is not flammable
- 18Why is argon added to light bulbs?To prevent the tungsten filament for melting or reacting
- 19Ionic bonding typically happens betweenMetals and non-metals
- 20Ionic bondThe electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- 21Positively charged ionsCations
- 22Is the cation generally larger or smaller than the corresponding atom?Smaller
- 23Do the metals or the non-metals become cations?Metals
- 24Negatively charged ionsAnions
- 25Do metals or non-metals generally become anions?Non-metals
- 26Is the anion generally larger or smaller than the corresponding atom?Larger
- 27Electrons are ...... in ionic bondingTransferred
- 28Everyday examples of ionic substancesTable salt (food preservation and flavouring)
Brine (a solution of sodium chloride used for curing bacon --> preservation)
Salt tablets (taken to replace salt lost by the body through sweat)
Fluoride compounds (sodium fluoride - prevents food decay - added to water and occasionally toothpaste) - 29Characteristics of ionic substancesSolids - high melting and boiling points
Conduct electricity when molten or in aqueous solution (electrolytes)
Soluble in water - 30Electrons in a covalent bond areShared
- 31Each shared pair isA covalent bond
- 32Electron pairs involved in bonding are calledBonding pairs
- 33Electron pairs not involved in bonding are calledLone pairs
- 34Ionic bonding results in the formation ofA rigid 3D crystal lattice
- 35Covalent bonding results in the formation ofMolecules
- 36Covalent bonds form betweenNon-metals
- 37Double covalent bonds form betweenoxygen atoms
- 38Triple covalent bonds form betweenNitrogen atoms
- 39Two s orbitals overlappingsigma bond
- 40Pi bondTwo p orbitals overlapping sideways
- 41The strength of covalent bonds can be measured byBond dissociation energies
- 42Electrons shared equallyNon-polar / pure covalent bond
- 43What two factors dictate the extent to which the shared electrons are attracted by different nucleiSize of the atom
The nuclear charge - 44Electrons shared unequallyPolar covalent
- 45Characteristics of covalent compoundsLiquids or gases at room temperature
Low melting and boiling points
Not soluble in water (except polar covalent)
Do not conduct electricity (neutral molecules) - 46Examples of covalent compoundsPolar solvent = water
Polar = glucose
Non-polar solvent = cyclohexane
Non-polar = petrol or oil - 47ElectronegativityA measure of the relative attraction an atom has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
- 48What is the most common scale of electronegativity?Pauling scale
- 49The higher the electronegativity valueThe better it is at attracting the shared electrons towards itself
- 503 factors responsible for the variation in electronegativity valuesNuclear charge
Atomic radius
Screening effect of inner shell electrons - 51Difference of more than 1.7Ionic
- 52Difference of 0 or very littlePure covalent / non-polar covalent
- 53less than 1.7polar covalent
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- Leaving Certificate (Ionic and Covalent Bonding) Chemistry Fichas sobre Ionic and Covalent Bonding, creado por eimearkelly3 el 24/07/2013.
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