Fichas
USA
Fichas del conjunto (33)
- 1ACGlobal migration creates opportunities and challenges which reflect the unequal power relations between countries
Influences and drives change in global migration system - 2No of immigrants in USA41.3 million 2013
13% population
37 million 2018 - 3Rapid growth immigrants 21st century (but rate of increase slowing)Positive immigration policy (possibility of green card = permanent residency)
Employment opportunities
Wage differentials + remittances
Education
Family reunification
Refugee admission - 4Main countries of originMexico 28%
India 5%
China 5% - 5US citizens living abroadEstimated 9 million
Highly skilled workers
Return migration with child born in USA - 6Body governing current migration policyImmigration and Neutralisation act
- 7Annual worldwide limit of permanent immigrants in USA675,000
- 8*US immigration policy*Based on:
- 9Reunification of families480,000 visas a year
- 10Migrants with skills valuable to USA economy140,000 highly skilled
Normally sponsored by employer for job offer - 11Protecting refugeesDecided each year
2013 ceiling 70,000 - 12Promoting diversityDiversity immigrant visa program
50,000
Countries with low rates of immigration - 13Humanitarian reliefTemporary visas
Temporary protected status (TPS)
Deferred enforced departure (DED) against deportation back to unstable countries - 14LPRLawful permanent residency
Citizenship - green card for 5 years - 15*Interdependence world’s largest bilateral migrant corridor between USA and Mexico**
- 16Each has largest diaspora in the other - growing social and cultural connectivity2013
11.5 Mexicans in USA
1 million Americans in Mexico - 17Low-skilled Mexicans (many illegal) contribute to US economy - agriculture, construction Wages higher than in Mexico x opportunity for remittances2013 US$22 billion
2% Mexico GDP - 18Bilateral trade grown since formation of NAFTA (North American free trade agreement) Mexican industry benefitted e.g. IT sectors developed FDI from USAReciprocal merchandise trade US$1.4 billion per day
- 19Political power relations remain imbalanced Increasing coordination over issues in common - border security, drug trade, human trafficking and environmental issuesJoint management colorado river basin and ecology of Sonoran desert
- 20Most immigrants Hispanic origin Pattern changing - deceleration of Mexican influx, tightening border control, return migration and growth of Asian migrantsMore from both China and India than Mexico 2013
- 21*Opportunities**
- 22Immigrant pop take may low paid jobs unattractive to natives Contributes GDP and economic growth Fills labour shortagesService 31%
Construction + manufacturing 25% - 23Immigration policy aims to attract highly skilled and well-qualified professionals Main employment of immigrants from China and India was in business and science-
- 24Most young, of working age - contribute to tax base - USA birth rate declined and ageing population-
- 25Immigrants are consumers - leads to job creation, business start-ups and generates wealth (multiplier effect)-
- 26*Challenges**
- 27Illegal immigrantsEstimate 11.5 million (6 million Mexican)
- 28Uneven progress of integration of immigrant groups into US society (size, diversity, language, social-economic attainment, political participation, residential location, social interaction) Unauthorised populations barrier to economic and political cohesionE.g. some Mexicans can’t speak fluent English
Often live closed communities - tension and segregation, possibly crime and violence (drugs + often poor education) - 29Strain on resources and services where immigrant population concentrated and largeLarge demand for water Southern California
- 30Rising unemployment so Americans forced to take low-paying menial jobs and feel their jobs are being taken by migrants-
- 31Return migration- loss of skilled workers e.g. health workers-
- 32Trump border rowToughened rule on migrant crossing from Mexico
Illegal immigrants referred for prosecution instead of deportation
Split up thousands of families - 33Coping with refugees and asylum seekersLimited number
45,000 2018
1% of 5 million Syrian refugees in USA and Canada
Only 11 2018
Información
- Descripción
- - (Migration ) Geography Fichas sobre USA, creado por Emily H el 21/10/2018.
- Creado por
- Emily H
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