Fichas
Malaria
Fichas del conjunto (15)
- 1Cause of malaria (Plasmodium)P.falciparum = 50%
P.vivax = 43%
P.malariae = 7%
P.ovale = 1%
P.knowlesi = ? - 2Trasmissonby the female ANAPHELES mosquito
- 3How malaria spreads- Introduced
- airport
- transfusion
- mainline
- congenital - 4Life cycle of plasmodiumHere it is
- 5BitingA female mosquito injects sporozoites into skin
- 6Sporozoites (animal seed)Circulate in bloodstream for up to 30 minutes – but must penetrate hepatocytes (liver cells) to initiate an infection
- Undergoes schizogony - 7Merozoite (animal part)Merozoites must invade RBCs to continue infection – results in the erythrocytic stage of the parasite life cycle
- Multiply by asexual reproduction - 8Trophozoite (animal nurture)A single-celled nucleated mass of protoplasm – highly metabolically active
Requires nutrients from host cell – modifies RBC to meet nutritional demands
Results in haemozoin formation - 9Schizont (animal split)Trophozoite divides to give 8-16 merozoites – these are released when RBC ruptures
- 10Gametocyte (sex cells)some trophozoites develop into sexual forms called gametocytes
- These take approx. 4 days to mature
- Has to be taken by mosquito for cycle to continue - 11Ookinete (motile egg)The ookinete actively penetrates the intestinal wall of the mosquito
ookinete then differentiates to become an oocyst attached to the external side of the midgut wall of the mosquito - 12Oocyst (bladder egg)Oocysts grow rapidly and divide internally into sporozoites
The oocyst is the longest phase in the life cycle (8-35 days) and very temperature dependent. - 13Clinical complications- Anaemia
- capillary blockages
- Hypoglycaemia
- Haemoglobinurea - 14Diagnosis- Blood smears
- Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)
- Nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostics - 15TreatmentQuinine was effective for 300 yrs.
More safer, effective, easier and cost-effective treatment found e.g. chloroquine.
Información
- Descripción
- BIOL 123: Immunisation Fichas sobre Malaria, creado por Jumael Zafar el 02/02/2019.
- Creado por
- Jumael Zafar
- Visitas
- 4
- Valoración