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GEOGRAPHY
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- 1MEANING OF HAZARDSA natural event which has the potential to cause death, damage, destruction for example; earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tropic storms
they are 3 causes of natural hazards - 2CAUSE 1#TECTONICThese are caused either directly or indirectly by the movement of earths crustal plate.
these are: volcanic eruptions, earthquakes etc - 3CAUSE 2 #ATMOSPHERICHazards results from effect of atmosphere within earths surface; relating to atmosphere of the earth, such as wild fires, drought land.
- 4CAUSE 3 #TERRESTRAILHazards that occur near to the surface of the earth. It includes the following hazards: Landslides, weathering, erosion, shifting, avalanches, sink Holes.
- 5What factors affect Hazard risks?1. farming- when river floods it deposits fertile silt on it's floor plan, people put them self at risk of this.
2.climate change- some parts of would may be wetter (or drier )with increase of flood.
3.urbanisation- urban areas are safe from natural events
4.poverty- poor countries people are forced to live in areas of risk. - 6PLATE TECTONIC THEORYPlate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core. The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle
- 7The global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes related to plate tectonicsMost earthquakes are along the edges of tectonic plates, here volcanoes are too. Most earthquakes are caused by the interaction of the plates not the movement of magma . Earthquakes directly beneath a volcano are caused by the movement of magma
- 8Location of earthquakes and volcanoesBoth are located at plate boundaries of the plate, which highlights that it occurs because tectonic plates are moving from each other.
- 9Why people continue to live in areas of risk from tectonic hazards1.Valuable minerals are found near to volcanoes, people gain employment working in the mines.
2. People may not be able to afford to live elsewhere.
3. The actual chance of something happening is very low
4. Geothermal energy; major source of electrical power - 10Physical processes taking place at different types of plate margin that lead to earthquakes and volcanic activity.Constructive- The rising magma forms shield volcanoes. Constructive (tensional) plate margins occur where plates move apart.
Destructive- an oceanic and continental plate move towards each other. The heavier, dense oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate.
Conservative- plates moving past each other - 11Reduce the risks from tectonic hazards what you could do?predictions- with past experience you could make a prediction.
monitoring- this allows predictions to be made which can save lives and reduce damage
planning- mostly about raising individual and community awareness to reduce fatalities
protection- buildings have areas of weakness which can be reinforced to reduce damage caused by the conditions of a tropical storm - 12Primary effectstropical storms:
impacts of strong winds, heavy rain and storm surge
earthquake: shaking of ground - 13secondary effecttropical storm: long term impacts than primary storms.
earthquakes: these are the result of primary effetcs - 14Describe the primary and secondary effects of an earthquakePrimary effects of an eartquake can include the ground shaking, buildings collapsing, and the ground splitting. Secondary effects may include subsidence, tsunamis, fires, contamination of water supplies, gas leaks, and power outages.
- 15immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazardsa response in the days and weeks immediately after a disaster has happened. Short-term responses involve search and rescue and helping the injured. Long-term - responses that go on for months and years after a disaster. It involves rebuilding destroyed houses, schools, hospitals, etc.
- 16weather hazardsdeaths are due to severe weather (including lightning, tornadoes, and floods) and other climate hazards such as droughts and heat waves.
- 17General atmospheric circulationThe circulation of wind in the atmosphere is driven by the rotation of the earth and the incoming energy from the sun
- 18how do earthquakes happen ??when the Earth's crust moves. For example, when the plates move, friction can cause them to become stuck., tension builds until the plates release, which leads to an earthquake.
- 19climatic hazardsoccur when a region has certain weather conditions, for example heavy rainfall can lead to flooding.
- 20effects of hazardsDeveloping countries can be slower to repair damage to roads and buildings. This can lead to a reduction in tourists and therefore a long-term loss of valuable income.
- 21earth structure
- 22Crustsoceanic crust- found under the ocean
Continental crust - found under land masses or continents. - 23Tropical Storms primary and secondary effectsPrimary effects of tropical storms include high winds, torrential rain and storm surges at landfall. There may also be localised tornadoes and waterspouts. These are all physical effects. Secondary effects of tropical storms are very wide-ranging.
- 24Climate Change and tropical stormsdistribution: location
frequency; often it occurs
intensity;power and energy
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- Fichas sobre GEOGRAPHY, creado por pri kaur el 13/02/2019.
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