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HP 3 Structures and Flaws
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- 1normal keratin formation with clinically normal presentation of stratum corneum of oral epi outer layer contains no nucleiorthokeratosis
- 2retention of pyknotic nuclei in the stratum corneum of mucosal epi darkly stained nuclei (pyknotic) due to chromatin about to undergo karyolysisparakaratosis
- 3abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum of epi mucosa may exhibit abberrant patterns of keratization (dense layer of keratohyaline granuales, thick layer of keratinized tissue) no stipling of gingiva, redhyperkeratosis
- 4abnormal keratinization below the level of the stratum corneum keratizination within the stratum granulosum or spinosum includes keratin pearls (SCC)dyskeratosis
- 5hyperplasia of the epithelial layer (incr in # of cells) normal on palms and soles can cause decreased rete pegs-->sloughs offacanthosis
- 6loss of intracellular attachments between epithelial cells (keratinocytes) separation of tonofilaments in desmosomesacantholysis
- 7reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another (columnar to squamous epithelium in resp tract due to smoking)metaplasia
- 8disorderly but non-neoplastic growth of tissue including the epithelial layer charac. by pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and loss of normal spatial orientation pre-cancerous, but not cancerous itselfdysplasia
- 9white plaque of oral mucous membranes that cannot be wiped off by scraping and cannot be classified histologically as another entity should be considered precancerous until proven otherwise NEED biopsy thickened epithelial layer of mucosa with nuclei up until top layer white due to keratin getting wetleukoplakia
- 10non-keratinocyte in OE dendritic morph (long processes) located in basal cell layer synthesizes melanin pigment granuales (melanosomes)melanocyte
- 11nonkeratinocyte in OE dendritic morph located in stratum spinosum characteristic tennis racquet granule functions as antigen trap in epithelium and transfers antigen info to CD4 lymphocytes (tattle tale)langerhanns cells
- 12nonkeratinocytes in OE rounded morphology located in basal cell layer contain characteristic "dense core" granuales possibly has tactile sensory functionsmerkels cell
- 13nonkeratinocytes in OE rounded morphology found in basal and mostly spinal cell layers associated with immune surveillance and antigen message processing associated with inflamm (humoral and cellular response)lymphocytes
- 14calculus, bacterial toxins and suceptibility of host cause attachment loss and apical migration of junctional epitheliuminflammatory periodontal disease
- 15normal variations in gingival coloring differences in melanocyte variations ex: AA pts with more melanin in attached gingivagingival pigmentation
- 16"hair-like" papillae most numerous highly keratinized found over entire dorsal surface of tonguefiliform papillae
- 17fungus-like papillae small round, red surface projections (due to vascular CT core) may contain taste buds commonly found at the tip of tonguefungiform papillae
- 18"leaf-like" papillae may contain taste buds contains lymphoid nodules with germinal centers forms part of waldeyers ring with palatine and pharyngeal tonsils located on posterior lateral margins of the tonguefoliate papillae
- 19walled papillae 6-8 in number lightly keratinized contain taste buds located just anterior to sulcus terminalis on the posterior dorsal surface of tongue papillae sulcus cleared of taste stimuli by serous salivary glands of von ebnercircumvallate papillae
- 20normal condition on tongue foliate papillae coated with coffee needs tongue scrapercoffee coating
- 21white along tongue ulcerative, hypertropic, or leukoplakic can be drug inducedlichenoid reaction
- 22unknown etiology (can be stress-induced) T-lymphocyte infiltrates basal layer with langerhans cell hyperplasia --> ulceration of tongue wickham's striae: white striations Tx: topical steroidslichen planus
- 23can be leukoplacic or atrophic fungal infection on tongue asymptomatic and can wipe of plaque Tx: antifungal agentcandidiasis
- 24thickened tongue-- multiplying epithelial layers unknown etiology: possibly age-related, xerostomiafissured tongue
(focal epithelial hyperplasia) - 25abnormal growth of filiform papillae delayed shedding of keratinized layer Tx: tongue scrapedhairy tongue
- 26normal variant and non-path condition of tongue benign inflammation and desquamation (bald spot) of filiform papillae asymptomatic, patterns changegeographical tongue
- 27syndrome involving abnormal or lack of development of ectodermal structures such as hair, eyebrows, eye lashes, and teeth hypohidrosis: overheat quickly depressed nose bridge, pronounced supraorbital arches, severe xerotomia x-linked recessiveectodermal dysplasia
- 28maturation of pyogenic granuloma (reactive, not neoplastic) occurs exclusively in gingiva mostly 10-19 y/o, 60% female gingival mass (from something stuck between teeth) with islands of calcified material derived from periosteum ossification during puberty Tx: complete surgical excision (may recurr if not extensive)peripheral ossifying fibroma
- 29an isolated "port-hole" in the cortical bone that allows exposure of underlying root surface due to buccal inclination of roots may be genetic or from orthofenestration
- 30denuded area of cortical bone that extends thru the marginal bone creating a cleft-like defect buccally located teeth with loss of attachmentdehiscience
- 31area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area generally, maxillary facial and lingual and mandibular facial don't need to be removed unless rapid growth, pain, problems with mastication, speech, or denturesexostosis
- 32area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area mandibular lingual or midline of palate can be removed if interferes with dentures or speech easily ulceratedtorus
- 33asymptomatic painless slow expansion of bone possible defelection and resorption of roots single lesion that is multioccular or unioccular radiographically confused with ameloblastoma, periapical granuloma, periapical cyst--requires biopsy histo: numerous, multinucleated giant cells in stroma of ovoid and spindle shaped mesenchymal cellsgiant cell tumor
- 34malignancy of plasma cell origin that accounts for 50% of bone malignancies monoclonal (arise from same cell) plasma cells: neoplastic, variably differentiated, identical plasmacytoid cells that invade and replace host tissue freq. causes kidney failure due to overload of circulating light chain protein (bence chain prot) produced by the plasma cell Radio: punched out areas in cranium filled with neoplastic plasmacytoid cellsmultiple myeloma
- 35malignancy of mesenchymal undiff cells that produce osteoid or bone most common malignancy that originates in bone besides hematopoeitic neoplasms pain and swelling (only one of the head and neck cancers to exhibit this) Radio: dense sclerosis or mixed sclerotic-radiolucent lesion; 25% sunburst patternosteogenic sarcoma
- 36eruption problem leading to malocclusion occurs during functional phase of eruption leads to misplaced teethexcessive mesial drift
- 37eruption problem leading to malocclusion adult tooth forms buccally to retained baby tooth instead of directly below tx: extraction of baby teethbuccal eruption
- 38problem with eruption leading to malocclusion tooth is stuck with too little space and cannot erupt tx: space maintainer prevents mesial drift and creates room for tooth to eruptankylosed tooth
- 39eruption pattern leading to malocclusion lack of exfoliation of baby teeth-->adult teeth do not follow gubernacular canals excess teeth/crowdingretained deciduous teeth
- 40tooth that is most commonly displaced during eruption because there may not be room after incisors and premolars eruptcanine
- 41eruption pattern leading to malocclusion tooth is unable to erupt because it is blocked out by already erupted teeth can cause root resorption or follicular cyst development tx: extraction or orthodontics (power chain)impaction
- 42can cause collapsed arches and PD problemssevere malocclusion
- 43not a pathologic lesion ectopic sebaceous glandsfordyce's granuales
- 44often seen in pipe smokers (hotter smoke) believed to be a reaction to heat-->minor salivary glands are inflamed and ulceratednicotine stomatitis
- 45result of trauma (ex: bite lip) that severs a duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into surrounding soft tissue pooling under skin commonly lips, ventral tip of tongue and soft palate histo: mucin + foamy histiocytes (MP in place) surrounded by granulation tissue swelling and irritationsalivary gland mucocele
- 46mucocele that occurs on the floor of the mouth most often involve SL salivary gland increase in size around eating time Tx: reccanulate duct or meds to remove calcified clogranula
- 47chronic, systemic autoimmune disease 90% of cases in middle aged females xerostomia, xerophtalmia (dry eyes), keratoconjunctiva sicca (scarring of conjuctiva) parotid gland swelling due to lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and destroying acinar cells often diagnosed by dentists during head and neck examSjogren's syndrome
- 48benign tumor: 60% of parotid gland tumors, 50% of submandibular gland, 40% of minor salivary gland tumor Histo: well circumscribed and encapsulated, tissue derived from mix of ductal and myoepithelial cells, keratinizing sq cells and mucus producing cells also presentpleomorphic adenoma
(mixed tumor) - 49one of the most common salivary gland MALIGNANCIES commonly parotid gland: can cause pain of facial nerve palsy due to location of CN 7 mix of mucous producing cells and squamous epidermoid cells abundant cellular pleomorphism and tendency to form cystic areas within tumor cell mass often painful, ulcerated lesionmucoepidermoid carcinoma
- 50most often middle aged AA males most common posterior lateral border of tongue and also floor of mouth and ventral tongue strong relationship with tobacco, alcohol, phenols, HPV, immunosuppresion, oncogenes dysplastic surface epithelium featuring alterations in size, shape, org of cellular components, nuclear pleomorphism invasive islands and cords of malignant sq epi cells strong immune response to invasion-->necrosis keratin pearlsSquamous cell carcinoma
- 51round focus of cocentrically layered keratinized cells often found in squamous cell carcinomakeratin pearls
- 52autoimmune disease: attack epiligrin adhesion protein in LL linear accumulation of IgG and C3 along BM 50-60 y/o females to males 2:1 causes scarring of conjunctiva of eye positive necrolsky sign: separation of epi layersMucosal Pemphigoid
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- Histopath Fichas sobre HP 3 Structures and Flaws, creado por Katie Hayes el 30/03/2019.
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- Katie Hayes
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