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Bruce
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- 1Bruce's signalment and presenting complaintDog, Boxer, male neutered, hyperactivity/aggressive behaviour towards dogs and strangers
- 2What are the triggers for Bruce's behaviour?Strange dogs, strange people, walks, lead
- 3Why might you consider RAGE?Pulls on the lead towards other dogs/people, tries to escape lead/chain, ignores all commands - goal directedness, persistence when thwarted
Less aggressive when off the lead - feels thwarted by the lead, denial of access to things he wants (some kind of interaction with dogs/people)
Lunging towards, hostility, focus/vigour
Pulling so hard on the lead he sometimes vomits
Risk-taking - "doesn't care for his own wellbeing" - 4Why might you consider FEAR?Owners know very little about Bruce's history and past experiences - adequate socialisation/unpleasant experiences? They think he had very little experience with people before they obtained him
"Out of control" outside but fine in the home - feels less secure outside the home, cannot control his environment (bit of RAGE here too)
Tries to bite other dogs, maybe because he feels threatened - snapping jaws, showing teeth may act as a warning - 5Why might you be able to rule out FEAR?Appears to be somewhat calm and gentle in the home, albeit hyperactive, when visitors are there
Pulling towards the dogs/people, though may be some approach/avoid conflict. What does Bruce do if he makes contact with other dogs/people? Does he back away as he gets closer?
Behavioural tendencies not typical of FEAR, e.g. not self-preserving through escape, non-escalation, communication not typical either, e.g. appeasement, disengagement, deference - 6Why might you consider predatory SEEKING, and what would you need to know in order to rule it out?Always alert on walks and tries to bite
Tries to chase swans and geese
Owner mentions something about barking on walks but isn't clear. When does Bruce bark? If he is barking on approach to the dog/person, it is less likely to be predatory SEEKING - 7Why might you consider PAIN/FEAR of PAIN?May be an underlying medical issue which is exacerbating the problem and lowering Bruce's threshold for aggressive behaviour
Previous owners may have used painful methods to punish him when he pulled on the lead or displayed aggressive behaviours
Has he had any painful experiences with other dogs/people? - 8Why might you consider SEEKING?Seeking interaction with other dogs? No other dogs at home, wants to approach
Seeking to cause harm? Because he bites this is likely, but may be inappropriate play - 9What question might you ask to be able to include/rule out SEEKING?When Bruce gets closer to or makes contact with a dog or person, does his arousal lower?
- 10Why might there be a learned component to the behaviour?It is getting worse
- 11Why might you consider habit, and what questions might you ask to include or rule it out?Unable to be distracted
Does the behaviour look the same each time?
How long does he take to de-rouse? - 12Are there any mood-related factors that may be important to the problem?Possible pain
Inconsistencies in owner interaction and punishment may cause additional frustration - 13Are there any temperament-related factors that may be important to the problem?Early experience and environment unknown so may have been unpleasant, causing negative associations and a fearful or impulsive temperament
Inadequate early socialisation may mean that Bruce has naturally high motivation to interact with other dogs/people, because he doesn't know how to interact and signal appropriately - 14What are the constraints on the formulation of the treatment protocol in regards to Bruce?Potentially been practicing the behaviour for a long time - owners say he was doing the behaviour when they got him
SupaDog sensitive - diet may restrict what treats he can have
Did poorly in training, though may be a reflection of owner abilities/confidence - 15What are the constraints on the formulation of the treatment protocol in regards to the physical environment?Behaviour only occurs out on walks, so this will have to be done in order to implement some of the training, which is a big risk to consider for other dogs/people outside
- 16What are the constraints on the formulation of the treatment protocol in regards to the social environment?The owners say that Bruce is more obedient with certain people, though doesn't say who - this may effect who does most of the training
- 17What are the constraints on the formulation of the treatment protocol in regards to family circumstances?No evidence of financial constraints
- 18What are the constraints on the formulation of the treatment protocol in regards to client expectations and beliefs?Seem to be in denial and perhaps are scared of admitting their dog is aggressive
Use of choke chain - may insist upon using it, educate about disadvantages
Owners want Bruce to be able to happily interact with dogs, but this may not be a realistic expectation - counsel them that he may never reach this point, but will simply be able to tolerate the sight of other dogs/people, may take a long time to get to that stage - 19At which stage in the cycle of change do you think the client is at?Contemplation/preparation - already attended training classes to try and correct the problem
Sound as though they are at the end of their tether, e.g. wife "hates him", daughter and son are unhappy and scared, and father feels like a failure - aware that there is a problem and they are ready to adopt change
"We are determined to give him every chance possible" - enthusiastic and willing to try anything? - 20What are the risks associated with Bruce?High risk of euthanasia or relinquishment if he bites again, whether they decide or not (DDA 1991)
High risk of psychological stress from frustration and being thwarted
Physical injury in fight with another dog
Choking on vomit, associated health issues - 21What are the risks associated with people?Risk of physical harm as a result of Bruce making contact
High risk of injury to children in the household, if Bruce was to redirect
Risk of owners being prosecuted under the DDA 1991 if Bruce causes someone to worry about their safety
Physical injury by trying to break up a fight between Bruce and another dog - 22What are the risks associated with other animals?Physical injury or distress from Bruce's behaviour
Swans and geese also at risk, not just other dogs - 23What are the risks associated with property?Low risk of damage to property as behaviour usually occurs outside
Risk of damage to walking equipment if Bruce manages to break free - 24What prognosis would you give this case?Reasonable prognosis with good owner compliance. Bruce should be able to tolerate the presence of other dogs, and there will be fewer incidences of aggressive behaviour
- 25Why might you be reluctant to use medication in this case, or any case, as a first line of treatment?Owners may rely on it too heavily and not take behavioural modification plans seriously
- 26What is it particularly important to educate/counsel the owners about in this case?Liability, to be aware of and how to manage risks
- 27Give 9 examples of treatment for BruceAvoid triggers in the immediate term so Bruce has no opportunity to practice the behaviour - walk at night or play in garden
Muzzle training to manage risk
Change from halti and choke chain to front attachment harness - give owners more control and make Bruce feel more comfortable
Nothing in Life is Free - gain more control of Bruce on walks
"Watch me"
DS/CC to dogs, and then strangers
Medication - fluoxetine (though not licensed in U.K. so may have to use clomipramine)
Pheromone therapy, e.g. ADAPTIL collar
Owner to remain relaxed when walking - 28Why might you not use an ADAPTIL product in this case?ADAPTIL products are not as effective with frustration-based problems as with fear-based problems
- 29Why are SSRIs most commonly used for impulsivity and impulsive aggression?They increase the availability of serotonin by blocking re-uptake
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- MSc Vivas Fichas sobre Bruce, creado por Megan Burnett el 25/04/2019.
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- Megan Burnett
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