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1custom written softwaresome times known as bespoke software
2Multi-taskingmost systems commonly have several programs
The operating system will also be running lots of background tasks
3user interfaceoperating system needs to provide a means of communicating with them.
this means making it possible for the user to issue commands
the user interface is the way in which users interact with computer hardware
4Functions of OSMulti-tasking/ process Management
User interface
Memory Management
Peripheral Management
Security
5Off the shelf softwaresometimes called shrink-wrapped software
can be bought from supplier already boxed up and ready to install
the software is often sold in substantial quantities
6Securitythis normally involves users having user ids and passwords
operating systems also handle file privileges these are right assigned to user and groups
this control who can read/write and files.
7peripheral Managementperipherals are any computer hardware components that are not part of the CPU i.e. input, output or storage devices.
8Memory Managementthe operating system must manage where in memory the programs will go.
when a program is running it must be in the computers main memory (RAM). The main memory has a finite size.