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Module 1
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- 1Descriptive statisticsdeal with methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data. Organization and presentation techniques are introduced in this module, while summation techniques are covered in Module 2.
- 2Inferential statisticsprovide a means of drawing conclusions about the general population from the analysis of a sample of that population. Modules 4 to 8 focus on inferential statistical techniques.
- 3Populationthe set of all values under consideration.
Prior to conducting any statistical analysis, it is necessary to define the population of interest. For example, you may be interested in a statistical analysis of the dollar value of all expense reports submitted by employees in your company over the past year. The dollar values of all expense reports submitted over the past year constitute the population. If you are only interested in the expense reports submitted in March, the dollar values of all expense reports submitted in March constitute the population. - 4Sampleis a subset of the population.
If you are interested in all expense reports submitted over the past year, you could choose some (not all) of those expense reports and the dollar values of the expense reports chosen would represent a sample. - 5ParametersNumerical calculations performed on population data and are usually designated by letters from the Greek alphabet.
- 6StatisticsNumerical calculations on sample data and are represented by lower case letters from the Roman alphabet.
- 7VariableA variable is defined as some characteristic of a population, or sample, that is of interest.
The value of a variable is not always the same. For example, the variable of interest may be the dollar value of the expense reports discussed in Topic 1.1. Since the dollar amount is likely to be different on each expense report, the dollar value of the expense report is the variable. - 8DataData refers to the actual values of the variables.
For example, the dollar amounts on five expense reports may be $54.67, $34.89, $546.90, $345.21, and $327.00. This group of dollar amounts is referred to as data. It is a collection of values of a variable. The word “data” is plural, and the word “datum” refers to a single value in the data se - 9Quantitative dataare Numerical observations
For example, the dollar amounts of the expense reports are quantitative data. - 10interval dataoften referred to as Quantitative data
expressed as a number. - 11Qualitative dataare categorical in nature.
For example, you could categorize students in the CGA program according to the province or territory in which they reside. Each province/territory is a category. When assigning students to categories, it does not matter in which order the categories are set up because they are strictly qualitative. - 12Nominal datais referred to as Qualitative data
expressed as a category - 13Ordinal datanominal data that can be ranked.
example: very poor, poor, good and very good - 14frequency distributionnumber of times an observation falls under a certain category and then determine the proportion of all observations in that category
- 15bar chartsare often used to display frequencies
- 16pie chartsare used to represent relative frequencies
- 17Confidence Levelpercentage of times we expect the conclusion drawn from the sample to be right as compared to the population
- 18Significance levelpercentage of times we expect the conclusion drawn from the sample to be wrong as compared to the population.
- 19relative frequencycalculated by dividing each class frequency by the total number of observations (finding the percent) or total frequency (see Table 3.3 on page 59).
- 20Cumulative relative frequenciesare calculated by summing the relative frequencies from the lowest class to the class being considered (see Table 3.4 on page 60).
- 21scatter diagramshows the relationship between two sets of data.
ex: - 22correlationIf the changes taking place in two variables are related,
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- Professional Designation (Module 1: Data Description and Presentation) QU1 Fichas sobre Module 1, creado por jbbacik el 12/01/2015.
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