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2005 lecture 3
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- 1CNS and PNS divisions of the nervous systemCNS: brain and spinal cord, integrates signals and performs higher cognitive functions
PNS: all nerves outside the CNS including spinal cord and cranial nerves. Connects CNS to peripheral organs - 2Nuclei and Tracts in the CNSNuclei: collection of neuronal cell bodies
Tracts: bundle of nerve fibres (axons/dendrites) - 3Ganglia and Nerves in the PNSGanglia: collection of neuronal cell bodies
Nerves: bundle of nerve fibres (axons/dendrites) - 4Afferent nerves in the PNSAfferent nerves carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS and can be somatic, visceral, special
- 5Efferent nerves in the PNSEfferent nerves carry information away from the CNS to the effector organs. can be SOMATIC (motor nerves innervating skeletal muscles) or AUTONOMIC (nerves innervating smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands. Can be parasympathetic or sympathetic)
- 6hemispherehalf of brain
- 7ipsilateralsame side
- 8contralateralopposite side
- 9gyrus/gyriconvolution on surface of brain (bumps)
- 10lobepart/subdivision of the cortex
- 11eminenceprominence or protrusion
- 12poleend of the brain
- 13foliasame as gyri but used for the cerebellum
- 14Sulci/sulcusfurrow on the surface of the brain
- 15fissuredeep cleft
- 16fossashallow ditch
- 17ventriclefluid filled (CSF) cavity inside the brain
- 18cisternacavity (mostly enlarged space between the pia and arachnoid mater)
- 19sinuscanal or vessels within the dural mater
- 20fibresbundle of axons
- 21tract, lemniscus, fasciculus, peduncleprominent axons bundle, interconnecting brain regions
- 22commissureinter hemispheric bundle of axons (crosses the midline)
- 23chiasm/decussationfibre crossing
- 24afferentarriving fibres
- 25efferentexiting fibres
- 26nucleuscluster of nerve cell bodies, functionally related
- 27ganglion/gangliacluster/group of nerve cell bodies
- 28massprominent bundle/cluster of matter
- 29the diencephalonlinks the cerebrum to the brainstem
- epithelamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- subthalamus - 30epithalamuspineal gland, day and night cycles
- 31thalamusmany groups of nuclei that relay different types of sensory information, the "gatekeeper" to the cortex involved in motor and limbic connections to the cortex
- 32hypothalamusautonomic, control of hormones, mammillary bodies control reflex movements for eating, involved in limbic functions
- 33subthalamuspart of the basal ganglia, modulates and integrates movement and muscle tone
- 34the midbrain (mesencephalon)- contains nuclei for visual and auditory information and controls reflexes associated with these senses.
- surface features include superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, and cerebral peduncles - 35Pons- basilar pons projects anteriorly
- brachium pontis (middle cerebral peduncle)
- ascending, descending and transverse (link to the cerebellum) tracts
- 4th ventricle is located in the pons - 36medulla oblongata- connects the spinal cord to the rest of the brain
- pyramids, olives, obex, and 4th ventricle - 37reticular formation- is important for integrative functions
found centrally throughout the brain stem
- functions associated with movement, pain, breathing, heart rate, consciousness - 38spinal cord- links the brain to the rest of the body
- cylindrical extension of the medulla oblongata
- enlargements are where the most number of nerves that control limbs
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- 2005 Fichas sobre 2005 lecture 3, creado por Soph B el 16/09/2019.
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